考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昆明工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昆明工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

（

）tosomepartsofSouthAmericaisstilldifficult,becausepartsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Orientation

B.Access

C.Procession

D.Voyage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)orientation“方向，方位，定位”；B選項(xiàng)access“出口，接近，進(jìn)入”，常與to搭配；C選項(xiàng)procession“行列，隊(duì)伍，前進(jìn)，推移”；D選項(xiàng)voyage“航海，航行”。句意：南美洲的某些地區(qū)仍然很難進(jìn)入，因?yàn)樵摯箨懙哪承┑貐^(qū)仍然被茂密的森林所覆蓋。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered______ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctly

B.separately

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。separatelyfrom“獨(dú)立的”,independently和of搭配。句意：語(yǔ)言、文化和個(gè)性被認(rèn)為是相互獨(dú)立存在的，但是實(shí)際上是不可分割的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Mycenaestrandsonahillskirtedbytwodeepravines.Thesiteisanaturalstrongpoint,dominatingtheplainofArgos.Itwasfirstoccupiedabout3000B.C.,andanewsettlementwasmadeabout2000B.C.,whichisgenerallybelievedtobethetimewhenGreekspeakersarrivedinGreece.Thereisclearevidenceforasuddenincreaseintheimportanceandprosperityofthissettlementabout1600B.C.,twogravecircleshavebeenfound,oneinsidethelaterwallsandcontainingsixshaftgraves,excavatedbySchliemanninthe1870’s,theotherratherearlierindate,outsidethewalls,discoveredin1950.Thesegravescontainedamassofgoldandotherpreciousobjectsofgreatbeauty,includingimportfromMinoanCreteandEgypt.

ThepowerandwealthofMycenaeincreasedrapidly.TherewassoonauniformcultureinmainlandGreece,stretchingfromThessalyinthenorthtothesouthofthePeloponnesus,withpalacesatThebes,Athens,Mycenae,Tiryns,andPylosandprobablyatothersitesnotyetdiscovered.Althoughthepalacesweretheadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,itseemlikelythatMycenaewastheleading,ifnotthedominated,kingdom.From1500B.C.,thekingsofMycenaewereburiedinmassivestonetombsoutsidethewalls,ofwhichthelargest,theso-calledTreasuryofAtreus,isamagnificentarchitecturalachievement.About1450B.C.theAchaeans,astheGreeksoftheMycenaeanperiodwerecalled,invadedCreteanddestroyedalltheMinoanpalacesexceptKnossos,whichtheyoccupied.SucceedingtoandmadesettlementsontheislandsandinAsiaMinor.ThezenithofMycenaeanpowerandprosperitywasintheearlythirteenthcentury;inthisperiodwerebuiltthewalls,someofwhichstillstand,andtheliongate.Byabout1250B.C.,whenthedefenseswererenewedandimproved,thereisevidenceofdestructionoutsidethewalls.Tradedeclined;aperiodofupheavalanddeteriorationhadbegun.TheTrojanWaristhoughttohaveoccurredaboutthistime.ThetraditionaldateforthefallofTroyis1184B.C.,buttheAmericanarchaeologistBlegen,whomadethemostcompleterecentexcavationsandfoundclearevidenceofaprolongedsiege,datethedestructionofTroytoabout1240BC.ItlooksasthoughtheTrojanexpeditionwasthelastunitedeffortoftheAchaeans.

Mycenaewassubjectedtothreesuccessiveattacksinthefollowingyears.Inthefirst,thehousesoutsidethewallsweredestroyed;inthesecond,thecitadelwassacked;inthethird,itwasfinallydestroyedandnotreoccupied.Theothermainlandpalaceswereallsackedaround1200B.C.,presumablybybandsofinvadingDorian.

1.WhenisitbelievedthatthefirstGreekspeakersfirstoccupiedMycenae,andhowlongdidittakebeforetherewasclearevidenceofprosperity?

2.Whomadethemostcompleteexcavationsofthesite,andwhatdidhe/theyfind?

3.WhoweretheAchaeans,andwhatdidtheydointhelasthalfofthe14thcenturyBC.?

4.Accordingtothepassage,didtheMycenaeansengageininternationaltrade?Ifyes,withwhom?

5.Accordingtothepassage,werethepeopleinmainlandGreeceunited,andifso,wherewastheseatofpowerlocated?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.3000B.C.and500years

B.2000B.C.and400years

C.1184B.C.and300years

D.1240B.C.and600years

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Schleimann,andhefoundsixgraveshaftscontaininggold.

B.Blegen,andhefoundevidenceofaprolongedsiege.

C.Americanarchaeologists,andtheyfoundthattheheightofMycenaeanpowerandprosperitywereintheearlythirteenthcenturyB.C.

D.AteamofGermanarchaeologists,andtheyfoundthatthekingsofMycenaewereburiedinmassivestonetombsoutsidethecitywalls.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheywereDoriansthatinvadedMycenaeandsackedmostofthemainlandpalacesbutnotKnossos.

B.TheyweretheinhabitantsofTroy,andtheywithstoodalongsiegeintheircity,accordingtotheworkofanAmericanarchaeologist.

C.TheyweresettlersinAsiaMinor,andtheyexpandedintotheseatrade.

D.TheywereGreeksintheMycenaeanPeriod,andtheyinvadedCrete,destroyingallthepalacesthereexceptKnossos,whichtheyinhabited.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.No,theMycenaeansweremainlyengagesintheconquestofstateswithinthePeloponnesusandsurroundingislands.

B.Yes,theywere.TherewasevidenceofinternationaltradesinceamonggravegoodstherewerefoundimportsfrombothCreteandNorthAfrica.

C.No,althoughtherewasagreatdealofgoldfoundintheshaftgravesatMycenaeinthe1870’sandlaterinthe1950’s,therewasnoevidencethatinternationaltradehadoccurred.

D.BothAandC.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.No,theyweren’t.Greecewasacollectionofkingdomwithvariousadministrativecenters,butitwouldappearthatMycenaewasadominateandperhapsaleadingkingdom.

B.Yes,theywereunitedunderMycenae.

C.Yes,althoughtherewereanumberofadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,MycenaewastheleaderinmainlandGreece.

D.BothBandC.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段提到“andanewsettlementwasmadeabout2000B.C.,whichisgenerallybelievedtobethetimewhenGreekspeakersarrivedinGreece.Thereisclearevidenceforasuddenincreaseintheimportanceandprosperityofthissettlementabout1600B.C.”，講希臘語(yǔ)的希臘人在公元前2000年來(lái)到希臘，在公元前1600年，這一個(gè)新辟地興旺繁榮起來(lái)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合時(shí)間描述。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段提到“…buttheAmericanarchaeologistBlegen,whomadethemostcompleterecentexcavationsandfoundclearevidenceofaprolongedsiege…”，可知是Blegen完成了最完整的、最近的一次考古挖掘，挖掘了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間圍攻的證據(jù)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第3題:3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段“About1450B.C.theAchaens,astheGreeksoftheMycenaeanperiodwerecalled,invadedCreteanddestroyedalltheMinoanpalacesexceptKnossos,whichtheyoccupied”，Achaens就是邁錫尼時(shí)代的希臘人，他們?cè)诠?4世紀(jì)入侵了克里特島，毀壞了米諾斯供電，除了他們已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)的克諾索斯。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章雖沒(méi)有直接提及貿(mào)易往來(lái)，但在第一段最后一句說(shuō)到“Thesegravescontainedamassofgoldandotherpreciousobjectsofgreatbeauty,includingimportfromMinoanCreteandEgypt”可知，墓葬中有大量來(lái)自克里特島和埃及的進(jìn)口物品。因此可推測(cè)邁錫尼人與克里特島和埃及有貿(mào)易往來(lái)，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。第二段中提到“TherewassoonauniformcultureinmainlandGreece,stretchingfromThessalyinthenorthtothesouthofthePeloponnesus,withpalacesatThebes,Athens,Mycenae,Tiryns,andPylosandprobablyatothersitesnotyetdiscovered.Althoughthepalacesweretheadministrativecentersofseparatekingdoms,itseemlikelythatMycenaewastheleading,ifnotthedominated,kingdom.”，可知希臘大陸當(dāng)時(shí)很快形成了統(tǒng)一的文化，且是由各個(gè)獨(dú)立的王國(guó)組成。邁錫尼可能是當(dāng)時(shí)居于首位的王國(guó)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Aprogramtoderegulatetheeconomyinvolvedtheremovalofmanylegalandgovernmentalrestrictionsthatwereregardedashindrancestofreecompetition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimuli

B.phases

C.parameters

D.obstacles

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.stimuli促進(jìn)因素，激勵(lì)因素，刺激物B.phases階段，時(shí)期

C.parameters決定因素，規(guī)范D.obstacles阻礙，絆腳石

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】hindrances的意思為“造成妨礙的人（或事物）”，指的是阻礙自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的法律和政策，obstacles與之詞義相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】解除經(jīng)濟(jì)管制的計(jì)劃包括取消許多視為阻礙自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的法律和政策限制。

5.單選題

Astheheadofthedepartmentwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chair

B.introduce

C.preside

D.dominate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任（會(huì)議、討論等的）主席，主持（會(huì)議、討論等）”，是及物動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹，引入”；C選項(xiàng)preside“主持，指揮，擔(dān)任會(huì)議主席”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，故排除；D選項(xiàng)dominate“支配，控制”。由theweeklystaffmeeting（每周員工會(huì)議）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：由于部門主管出差，我被要求主持每周的員工會(huì)議。

6.單選題

Themanager,（

）alettertohissecretary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pledge意為“保證，誓言”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，傳遞”；survey意為“調(diào)查”；dictate意為“口述”。

句意：經(jīng)理向秘書(shū)口授一封信。

7.單選題

The（

）isnearlydead,soIcannotstartthecaragain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bean

B.beam

C.brake

D.battery

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。bean“豆；毫無(wú)價(jià)值的東西”；beam“橫梁，光線，電波”;bake“烤，烘烤食品”；battery“電池,蓄電池”。句意：電池沒(méi)電了，所以我不能啟動(dòng)車。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Novelsandshortstoriesfromalibrary'sfictioncollectionareagood（）ofenjoyablereadingpractice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exit

B.resource

C.entry

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：圖書(shū)館的小說(shuō)和短篇小說(shuō)是令人愉快的閱讀練習(xí)的好來(lái)源。選項(xiàng)中只有source有"來(lái)源"的意思。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

It’nosecretweareacultureconsumedbyimage.Economisthavelongrecognizedwhat’sbeendubbedthe“beautypremium’’--theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.Handsomemenearn,onaverage,5percentmorethantheirless-attractivecounterparts(good-lookingwomenearn4percentmore);prettypeoplegetmoreattentionfromteachers,bosses,andmentors;evenbabiesstarelongeratgood-lookingfaces(andwestarelongeratgood-lookingbabies).Acoupleofdecadesago,whentheeconomywasthriving,wemighthavebrushedoffthosestatisticsassuperficial.Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.

Newsweeksurveyed202corporatehiringmanagers,fromhuman-resourcesstafftosenior-levelvicepresidents,aswellas964membersofthepublic,onlytoconfirmwhatnoqualified(orunqualified)employeewantstoadmit:fromhiringtoofficepoliticstopromotions,even,lookinggoodisnolongersomethingwecandismissasfrivolousorvain.Fifty-sevenpercentofhiringmanagerssaidqualifiedblitunattractivecandidatesarelikelytohaveahardertimelandingajob,whilemorethanhalfadvisedspendingasmuchtimeandmoneyon“makingsuretheylookattractive”asonperfectingaresume.Askedtorankemployeeattributesinorderofimportance,meanwhile,managersplacedlooksaboveeducation:ofninecharactertraits,itcameinthird,belowexperience(No.l)andconfidence(No.2)butabove‘‘whereacandidatewenttoschool”(No.4).DoesthatmeanyoushoulddropoutofHarvardandinvestinanosejob?Probablynot.Butastateschoolmightbejustasmarketable.“Thisisthenewrealityofthejobmarket,”saysoneNewYorkrecruiter.“It’sbettertobeaverageandgood-lookingthanbrilliantandunattractive.

Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.Yetwhiletheoutside-workmilieumightaccepttheempoweredyetfeminineideal,theworkplacesurelydoesnot.Studiesshowthatunattractivewomenremainatadisadvantageinlow-levelpositionslikesecretary,whileinupper-levelfieldsthatarehistoricallymale-dominated,good-lookingwomencansufferaso-calledbimboeffect.Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.

1.The“beautypremium”calledbyeconomistsmeansthat（

）.

2.Whathaveresearchesin2010provedwhenitcomestoworkplace?

3.WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyconductedbyNewsweek?

4.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sworkingwomen?

5.Whatis“bimboeffect”accordingtothelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beautifulpeopleperformbetterintheirjob

B.agoodimageisveryimportantinlandingajob

C.goodlooksensuresuccessinalmosteveryaspect

D.peopleshouldinvestmoneyandtimetobebetterlooking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itissuperficialtoattachimportancetophysicalappearance.

B.itiscommontoprefertheattractiveandhaveabiasagainsttheunattractive.

C.Itisthegeneralruletovaluebeautifullooksmorethanmerit.

D.Itislooksratherthanabilitythatplayacriticalrole.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aperfectresumedoesnotmatterinhuntingajob.

B.Beautifulpeopletendtobemoreself-confident.

C.Beautyisanadvantageforanyonewithanyeducation.

D.Cosmeticsurgeryissuggestedtomakepeoplemorecompetitive.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareenslavedbyridiculousbeautystandards.

B.Theymakeupafractionoftheworkplace.

C.Theyareconfinedtobetheroleofofficetoy.

D.Theyareunwillingtosubverttheirsexuality.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theideathatwomenareatadisadvantageinworkplaces

B.Thebiasthatbeautifulwomenarefrivolousorvain.

C.Thenotionthatbeautifulwomenarenotintelligentorcompetent.

D.Theprejudicethatwomenshoulddojobsoflow-levelpositions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beautypremium”定位到第一段第二句“theideathatprettypeople,whatevertheiraspirations,tendtodobetterin,well,almosteverything.漂亮的人，不管他們的志向是什么，幾乎在所有事情上都會(huì)做得更好?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)時(shí)間點(diǎn)“2010”定位倒第一段最后一句“Butin2010,there’sagrowingbundleofresearchtoshowthatourbiasagainsttheunattractiveismorepervasivethanever.Andwhenitcomestotheworkplace,it’slooks,notmerit,thatalltoooftenrule.但在2010年，越來(lái)越多的研究表明，我們對(duì)相貌平平的偏見(jiàn)比以往任何時(shí)候都更加普遍。而在工作中，往往是外表而不是能力決定一切。”選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)C相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B和D來(lái)說(shuō)更加準(zhǔn)確，因此本題選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Newsweek”定位到第二段第一句“《新聞周刊》調(diào)查了202名企業(yè)人事部經(jīng)理，從人力資源的員工到高級(jí)副總裁，以及964名公眾，只是為了確認(rèn)不合格員工想要承認(rèn)的事情：從招聘到辦公室爭(zhēng)斗再到晉升，實(shí)際上，看上去不錯(cuò)不再是我們認(rèn)為無(wú)價(jià)值的或者無(wú)用的而不予考慮。”選項(xiàng)A和B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D明顯錯(cuò)誤；所以只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Today’sworkingwomenhaveachieved“equality”:theydominatetheworkforce,theyarehouseholdbreadwinners,andtheybalkathavingtosubverttheirsexuality,whetherintheboardroomoronthebeach.今天的職業(yè)女性已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了“平等”：她們?cè)趧趧?dòng)力中占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)；她們是家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱；她們因?yàn)椴坏貌活嵏残詣e而畏畏縮縮，不管是在會(huì)議室還是在海灘上。”也就是說(shuō)，她們是不愿意顛覆自己的性別的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theyareviewedastoofeminine,lessintelligent,andlesscompetent—notonlybymenbutalsobytheirfemalepeers.她們被認(rèn)為太女性化、不夠聰明、不夠能干——不僅是男性，她們的女性同齡人也這么認(rèn)為?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

Thewaves（）violentlyagainsttheshore,peoplecouldn'thearthemcryingforhelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beating

B.hadbeaten

C.beat

D.werebeating

【答案】A

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。前后半句的主語(yǔ)不同，分別為thewaves和people，故本題考查的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，wave與beat之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，A項(xiàng)正確。句意：大浪激烈地拍打海岸，人們不能聽(tīng)到他們呼救的聲音。

11.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldhetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?

5.TheauthorcabthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile—forexample,theengineorthefueltank—hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.

D.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangementandtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.

D.engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到日常生活的東西受科學(xué)影響，但是它們的形式功能等卻受到了非科學(xué)模式的影響（Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought），接下來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明了非語(yǔ)言思考的作用，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist提到設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程的重要作用，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第一二段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維模式和技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造成型中非科學(xué)成分的作用。選項(xiàng)D“吊橋的本質(zhì)特質(zhì)反映了它的設(shè)計(jì)者的概念化和建造地點(diǎn)的物理要求”，符合題意。

4.文章的第一段的倒數(shù)第二句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings是全文的主旨句，主要提及了非語(yǔ)言思維在科學(xué)發(fā)展中的重要性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.第三段第一句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings提到engineeringcurricula缺乏designcourses。文章第三段最后一句主要提到了工程學(xué)生在教育方面的缺不足。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.填空題

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.

Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment現(xiàn)在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回電話。

3.語(yǔ)義題。此處表示二十分鐘后。

13.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contracts（使）收縮，縮小B.reduces減少；降低

C.condenses（由氣體）冷凝，（使氣體）凝結(jié)D.compresses（被）壓緊，壓縮

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞cooler（變冷），結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，熱脹冷縮，所以空格處表示“縮小”，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)是指由于外力的壓縮造成的，不符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】熱金屬一開(kāi)始變冷就收縮。

14.單選題

Onechildperfamilyhasbecomethe（）offamilyinmostcitiesinChina.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standards

B.criteria

C.norm

D.Itriedhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)standards“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)格”；B選項(xiàng)criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，條件”；C選項(xiàng)norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范”D選項(xiàng)touchstone“試金石；檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。句意：一個(gè)家庭一個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)大多數(shù)城市的家庭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。A,B,C選項(xiàng)都有“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的意思，它們的區(qū)別是：standard指法定的或一般公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用途比較廣泛，criteria指有特殊的確實(shí)性,令人信服而用以判斷，norm是一種社會(huì)習(xí)慣(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，指規(guī)范、基準(zhǔn)、定額、分配之工作量、準(zhǔn)則。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C描述的是北嶺地震而不是神戶地震，不符合題意；根據(jù)原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。所以只有選項(xiàng)A表述正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)地震的前兆，