考研考博-英語-山東青年政治學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東青年政治學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sincetheeconomicreform,withprices______somuch,itishardforthemanykindnessesyouhaveshownmyson.

問題1選項

A.swinging

B.waving

C.fluctuating

D.vibrating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項swing“搖擺”，B項wave“揮手，揮手示意”，C項fluctuate“波動，漲落”，D項vibrate“振動，顫動”?？崭癫糠质且粋€with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，所以空格處要填入一個動詞與price（價格）搭配，四個選項中只有C項最符合。句意：自從經(jīng)濟改革以來，物價波動如此之大，您對我兒子的好意實在難以接受。因此，該題選擇C項。

2.單選題

Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot（）forherwork.

問題1選項

A.enoughgood

B.goodenough

C.asgoodenough

D.goodasenough

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管蘇珊工作非常努力，但是她的薪水相對于她的工作而言卻不夠好。

考查固定搭配。由enough修飾形容詞時一般需要放在形容詞后面且不能與as結(jié)構(gòu)連用。

3.單選題

WhendidtheSecondWorldWarbegin?Manyhistorians,1tothinkofEurope2thecenteroftheworld,datethewarfrom1September1939whenGermanyattackedPolanD.Thisisnotan3thatwouldsatisfytheAbyssiniansortheChineseforwhomthewarbeganearlier.ItwouldnotsatisfytheRussiansandAmericansforwhomthewarbeganlater.In4casethisEuropeanwar5endedinJune1940withGermany6theentireContinentwestofRussiA.Ifaformaldeclarationofwar7thestartingpoint,theSecondWorldWarbeganinApril1932whenMaoTse-tungandChou.ThedeclaredwaragainstJapan8oftheKiangsiSoviet.Ifwewait9thewarwasbeingfoughtineverycontinentexceptthetwoAmericas,thedate10be1942oreven1944.

問題1選項

A.concede

B.conceal

C.conditioned

D.considered

問題2選項

A.as

B.to

C.with

D.in

問題3選項

A.answer

B.advice

C.affection

D.assertion

問題4選項

A.any

B.both

C.either

D.neither

問題5選項

A.finally

B.eventually

C.ultimately

D.virtually

問題6選項

A.dominated

B.dominating

C.beingdominated

D.havingbeendominated

問題7選項

A.symbolizes

B.marks

C.implies

D.remarks

問題8選項

A.withthetitle

B.withthestatus

C.inthename

D.indesignation

問題9選項

A.if

B.since

C.after

D.until

問題10選項

A.would

B.should

C.must

D.may

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項concede“承認(rèn)；退讓；給予，容許；讓步”；B選項conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；C選項conditioned“決定；使適應(yīng)；使健康；以……為條件”；D選項considered“考慮；認(rèn)為；考慮到；細想”。根據(jù)上下文判斷出此處表達“認(rèn)為”，故D項最符合。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“thecenteroftheworld”可知此處想表達的是“認(rèn)為歐洲是世界的中心”,故as最為準(zhǔn)確。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“WhendidtheSecondWorldWarbegin?”這個問句，可以判斷出此處答案應(yīng)該是A選項answer“回答”。B選項advice“建議”；C選項affection“喜愛，感情；影響；感染”；D選項assertion“斷言，聲明；主張，要求；堅持；認(rèn)定”。

4.考查詞組。A選項inanycase“不管怎樣；總之；在任何情況下”；B選項inbothcase“在兩種情況下”；C選項ineithercase“不論發(fā)生何種情況”；D選項inneithercase“在兩種情況下都不”。根據(jù)語境和句意，可知A為正確答案。

5.考查詞義辨析。A選項finally表達經(jīng)過一長段時間（通常是指經(jīng)歷了困難和滯遲），表示“終于……”；B選項eventually“最終”含有時間因素，表示目前還未發(fā)生，但終將發(fā)生；C選項ultimately“最終”除了包含時間因素外，還有狀態(tài)順序，表示最基本因素；D選項virtually“事實上，幾乎；實質(zhì)上”。根據(jù)下文“endedinJune1940”及詞義判斷出答案為A。

6.考查非謂語動詞。dominate意為控制，結(jié)合上文ended的時態(tài)，表示過去，可知A為正確答案。

7.考查詞義辨析。A選項symbolize“象征；用符號表現(xiàn)；采用象征；使用符號；作為……的象征”；B選項mark“標(biāo)志；做標(biāo)記于；打分?jǐn)?shù)”；C選項imply“意味；暗示；隱含”；D選項remark“評論；覺察”。根據(jù)下文“theSecondWorldWarbeganinApril1932whenMaoTse-tungandChou”可知空格處應(yīng)為“象征、代表”，因此A最合適。

8.考查詞組。A選項withthetitleof“標(biāo)題為”；B選項withthestatusof“以……的地位”；C選項inthenameof“以……的名義”；D選項indesignationof“指定”。theKiangsiSoviet意為“中華蘇維埃共和國”，根據(jù)上下文“ThedeclaredwaragainstJapan28oftheKiangsiSoviet”以及句意判斷出正確答案為C。

9.考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。until引導(dǎo)從句，waituntil表示直到；等到；等待某個條件滿足；留待；一直等到，符合句意“IfwewaituntilthewarwasbeingfoughtineverycontinentexceptthetwoAmericas...”,中文翻譯為：如果我們等到除了兩個美洲以外的所有大陸都在打仗。因此答案為D

10.考查條件狀語從句。此處是if引導(dǎo)的真實條件句，真實條件句一般遵循主將從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn)（情指情態(tài)動詞）、主祈從現(xiàn)（祈指祈使句）等原則。因此可知D為正確答案。

4.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項

A.werecanceled

B.havingbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.hadbeencanceled

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格所在句和句中“wehadtotakethetraininstead”都有自己的主語且這里只用逗號“，”將其隔開知這里需用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來使空格所在句成為狀語，由此可排除不能構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的A項和D項；再由這里“航班應(yīng)該是被取消”知使用被動語態(tài)的B項“havingbeencanceled”正確。故正確答案選B。

5.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired——rentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewhohold,itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy,WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirm.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhenbreakthroughtechnologyarrives.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,lakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationthanworkersinGerman(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanthanitisintheunitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretaininggeneratecostsandcreatedbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceofthetechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingapplytothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’scompetitiveadvantageis（

）.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.

D.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees'ownbusiness.

問題2選項

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

問題3選項

A.theintroductionofnewtechnology

B.theimprovementofworkers'basicskills

C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

問題4選項

A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’shierarchy.

D.ThehumanresourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.獲得技能被認(rèn)為是個人的責(zé)任”可知D項是對該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案D

'

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Theexecutivewhohold,itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).人力資源主管這個職位從不被征求主要決策的意見，也沒有機會晉升為CEO?！笨芍诿绹?，人力資源主管在公司沒有太多發(fā)言權(quán)。C項正確，答案C

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirm.雖然美國公司經(jīng)常談?wù)撛趩T工培訓(xùn)上的巨額開支，但事實上，他們在員工技能上的投資比日本或德國公司都要少?！币约啊癆saresult,problemsemergewhenbreakthroughtechnologyarrives.結(jié)果是，當(dāng)突破性技術(shù)的到來時，美國就出現(xiàn)了問題?！蔽恼碌诙沃v了美國公司與日德公司在勞動力培訓(xùn)方面的差異，美國主要培訓(xùn)那些管理層，而日德重視員工技巧培訓(xùn)。第三段說到了結(jié)果，美國員工學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)時需要花更多時間。由此可見給員工培訓(xùn)技巧是非常重要的。答案B

第4題:主旨大意題。本文主要通過對比美國公司與日德國公司的人力資源策略，表明如果美國公司不培養(yǎng)員工技巧將導(dǎo)致美國公司在全球競爭中失去優(yōu)勢。答案D不培養(yǎng)員工技巧將導(dǎo)致美國公司在全球競爭中失去優(yōu)勢。答案D

6.單選題

Assoonastheboywasabletoearnhisownliving,he（

）hisparents’strictrules.

問題1選項

A.defied

B.refuted

C.excluded

D.vetoed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。defy意為“不服從”；refute意為“駁斥，駁倒”；exclude意為“排除，不包括”；veto意為“反對，否定”。

句意：一旦這個男孩能夠自食其力，他就不會服從他父母的嚴(yán)格規(guī)定。

7.單選題

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whyyoudon’thelpthemto___thesituation?

問題1選項

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項simplify“簡化；使單純；使簡易”；B選項modify“修改，修飾；更改（略微改變某事物，尤指為了使其更適合于某一特定目的）”；C選項verify“核實；查證”；D選項rectify“改正（糾正錯誤的事物）；精餾；整流”。句意：如果你知道問題出在哪里，為什么不幫他們___情況。本句表達“幫助他們核實情況”，因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Itwas1961andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableandthethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorse’shoofsfromWagonTrain,orCheyenne,andlaughterfromIloveLucyorMisterEd.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid,“andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’ddriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwithaflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened;Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwas（

）tomakehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

C.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

D.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

問題2選項

A.Hecamefrommiddle-classfamily.

B.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

C.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項

A.hesitant

B.unprepared

C.reluctant

D.determined

問題4選項

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

C.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

D.herealizedthatbookofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“WewatchedTVeverynight.和Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.我們每天晚上都看電視。晚飯后,我們就會躺在媽媽的床上,再看幾個小時電視?！笨芍髡呙刻旆艑W(xué)后花了很多時間看電視。故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymultifamilyhouseinDetroit.我和哥哥、媽媽住在底特律一所骯臟的多戶住宅里?！笨芍髡邅碜杂趩斡H家庭。故B項正確?！癘urmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.Butshewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhouseswhereshecleanedbooks.我們的母親只上完了三年級。但她比我們男孩當(dāng)時所知道的要聰明得多。她注意到在她打掃書籍的郊區(qū)房子里有一些東西?！笨芍髡叩哪赣H接受的教育很少，并且是個清潔工，故C、D項正確。題干問的是哪一項不正確，故選答案A。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.所以有一天她回到家，關(guān)掉電視，讓我們坐下來，解釋說她的兒子們將要做些改變?！笨芍髡吣赣H讓他倆讀書的態(tài)度是十分堅決的。故D項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.所以沒過多久，就有兩個脾氣暴躁的男孩坐在她那輛1959年產(chǎn)的白色奧茲莫比爾汽車上，準(zhǔn)備去底特律公共圖書館。我不情愿地在兒童讀物間徘徊?！笨芍麄兊谝淮稳D書館是不情愿的。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第四段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.當(dāng)時我并沒有意識到這一點，但這種體驗與看電視完全不同。”可知作者當(dāng)時并沒有意識到書本給他帶來的新體驗。故D項“他意識到書籍給他帶來全新的體驗”不正確。

9.單選題

Thedecisionoftheuniversitytoclosetheswimmingpoolatweekends

anangryreactionamongstudents.

問題1選項

A.nurtured

B.provoked

C.cultivated

D.stimulated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。nurtured“培育”；provoked“激起，挑釁”；cultivated“發(fā)展；耕作”；stimulated“促進；激發(fā)”。句意：學(xué)校決定在周末封閉游泳池引起學(xué)生激烈的反對。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Ⅵ.Internationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasse.Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.Thecomplexityofquestionsabouthumanimpactsontheenvironmentandhowtodecreaseormitigatethemcallsforahighdegreeofspecialization,whileatthesametimerequiringcoordinatedactiononanumberoffronts.Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.Itbecomesincreasinglydifficulttodiscerntheparticularcontributionthatlawcanmaketoenvironmentalprotectionasittakesontheroleofhandmaidentoscience,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems.

Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend;andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.Furthermore,alargenumberofgeneralprinciplesandregime-specificstandardstaketheformofsoftlaw.Attemptstofleshoutaseriesofgeneralrightsandobligationsforstates(andpotentiallyforotheractors,aswell)havebeenongoing,butthoseeffortsseemtohavefalteredwiththepublicationbytheInternationalLawCommission(ILC)ofthe2001DraftArticlesonPreventionofTransboundaryHarmfromHazardousActivitiesandthe2006DraftPrinciplesontheAllocationofLossinthecaseofTransboundaryHarmarisingoutofHazardousActivities.

1.InternationalenvironmentallawseemstohavereachedanimpasseNOTbecause___.

2.Internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedapathfrom___to___.

3.Koskenniemiusesenvironmentallawtoillustrate___.

4.Betweenthetwoendsofinternationalenvironmentallaware___.

問題1選項

A.thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems

B.theunderlyingcausesofthedegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits

C.scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly

D.politicalauthoritieshavenowishtostrictlyregulateenvironment

問題2選項

A.generalrules,clumsyfashion

B.generalrules,interactingwitheachother

C.generalrules,highlyspecializedregimes

D.generalrules,science,economics,politics,ethics,andothersocialsystems

問題3選項

A.generallawofstateresponsibility

B.thedemoralizationoflaw

C.theincreasedresorttosoftlaw

D.theheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing

問題4選項

A.seriesofproceduralrules

B.generalprinciples

C.highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandards

D.largelyuninfluentialrules

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Scientificunderstandingsofenvironmentaldegradationanditscausesevolverapidly.Theunderlyingcausesofsuchdegradationareveryoftenactivitiesthatbringsignificantsocialandeconomicbenefits,withtheresultthatpoliticalauthoritieshavenowishtoprohibitorstrictlyregulatethem;incentivestructuresmayoftenconstituteamorepromisingavenue.（對環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學(xué)認(rèn)識迅速演變。這種退化的根本原因往往是帶來重大社會和經(jīng)濟利益的活動，其結(jié)果是政治當(dāng)局無意禁止或嚴(yán)格管制這些活動；激勵結(jié)構(gòu)往往構(gòu)成一種更有前途的途徑）可知D選項“政治當(dāng)局不希望嚴(yán)格管理環(huán)境”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的結(jié)果，B選項“退化的根本原因往往是那些帶來重大社會和經(jīng)濟利益的活動”和C選項“對環(huán)境退化及其原因的科學(xué)認(rèn)識迅速演變”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因；第一段Thisishardlysurprising:thecomplexityofenvironmentalproblems,evenwhenconsideredapartfromunderlyingsocial,political,andeconomicfactors,isstaggering.（這不足為奇：環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性，即使撇開潛在的社會、政治和經(jīng)濟因素考慮，也是驚人的）可知A選項“環(huán)境問題的復(fù)雜性”是國際環(huán)境法似乎陷入了僵局的原因。因此D選項符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Inlightofthesechallenges,internationalenvironmentallawhasfollowedatrajectorythatseemsinevitable:fromgeneralruleswhosevaguenessoftenimpededtheirusefulnesstohighlyspecialized,technicalregimesfocusedonnarrowly-definedphenomenaandinteractingwitheachotherinaratherhesitantandclumsyfashion,andmorerecentlytotheaccelerationoftransnational,includingnon-state,regimebuilding.（鑒于這些挑戰(zhàn)，國際環(huán)境法遵循了一條似乎無可避免的軌跡：從模糊性往往妨礙其有用性的一般規(guī)則，到高度專門化的技術(shù)制度，側(cè)重于界定較窄的現(xiàn)象，并以相當(dāng)遲疑和呆滯的方式相互作用，以及最近加速跨國，包括非國家，體制建設(shè)）可知一般規(guī)則是和高度專門化的技術(shù)制度相對應(yīng)，選C選項“一般規(guī)則，高度專業(yè)化的制度”；A選項“一般規(guī)則，呆滯的方式”，B選項“一般規(guī)則，相互作用”所提到的內(nèi)容不是互為對應(yīng)項，D選項“一般規(guī)則、科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟、政治、倫理和其他社會制度”內(nèi)有內(nèi)容未提及。因此C選項符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Koskenniemi”定位到原文第二段開頭Inhisdiscussionsofthemanagerialmindsetandthedemoralizationoflaw,Koskenniemifrequentlymakesreferencetoenvironmentallaw,notablytothecarvingoutofimplementationandcomplianceproceduresfromthegenerallawofstateresponsibility,totheincreasedresorttosoftlaw,andtotheheavyrelianceonequitablebalancing.（在他討論的管理思維和法律的道德敗壞，Koskenniemi經(jīng)常借鑒環(huán)境法律，尤其是雕刻的實現(xiàn)和國家責(zé)任的一般法律合規(guī)程序，采取軟法的增加，嚴(yán)重依賴公平的平衡）可知選B選項“法律的道德敗壞”；A選項“國家責(zé)任的一般法律”，C選項“增加對軟法律的求助”以及D選項“嚴(yán)重依賴公平平衡”都是借鑒所舉的例子。因此B選項正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第二段andaseriesofpotentiallyusefulbutunderspecified—and,unfortunately,largelyuninfluential—proceduralrulesbetweenthetwo.（以及在這兩端之間一系列可能有用但不明確（不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力）的程序規(guī)則）可知選A選項“一系列程序規(guī)則”，根據(jù)原文可知兩端之間是一系列程序規(guī)則，可能有用但不明確以及不幸的是，基本上沒有影響力都是用于修飾程序規(guī)則，而D選項“基本上沒有影響的規(guī)則”錯誤，該選項只提到了修飾成分，但是核心部分從程序規(guī)則變成了規(guī)則，和原文的范圍不符合；根據(jù)原文Abriefsketchofthearchitectureofinternationalenvironmentallawrevealsvague,generalprinciplesatoneend;highlydetailedandtechnicalrulesandstandardsarticulatedatthelevelofspecializedregimesattheotherend（對國際環(huán)境法架構(gòu)的簡要概述顯示，在一端是模糊的、一般的原則；在另一端的專門制度一級闡明了非常詳細和技術(shù)性的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）可知B選項“一般原則”以及C選項“非常詳細和技術(shù)性的規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”分別是兩端的內(nèi)容，不符合題意。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Themanager,（

）alettertohissecretary.

問題1選項

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pledge意為“保證，誓言”；convey意為“傳達，傳遞”；survey意為“調(diào)查”；dictate意為“口述”。

句意：經(jīng)理向秘書口授一封信。

12.單選題

Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.

問題1選項

A.concern

B.magnitude

C.volume

D.carelessness

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.concern憂慮；關(guān)心B.magnitude（規(guī)模、重要性等）大的程度

C.volume（某物的）數(shù)量D.carelessness粗心大意

【考查點】語義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞與speed“速度”并列，并且the____andspeed后接了一個由withwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其句意為“人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界”，由此可以推斷，B選項magnitude“（某事物）大或重要的程度”符合題意，themagnitudeandspeed指“人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界的程度和速度”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項concern“憂慮；關(guān)心”，不符合原文語義銜接；

C選項volume“（某物的）數(shù)量”，側(cè)重于指某事物的量，如業(yè)務(wù)量、工作量；

D選項carelessness“粗心大意”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】沒有什么能比得上人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界的程度和速度。

13.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Shecalledontheman.

B.Shewenttothebank.

C.Shemadeabusinessplan.

D.Shepaidhermortgage.

問題2選項

A.Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.

B.Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch.

C.Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.

D.Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet.

問題3選項

A.Startherownbusiness.

B.Buyapieceofproperty.

C.Payadebtlongoverdue.

D.Checkhercredithistory.

問題4選項

A.Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep.

B.Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.

C.Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.

D.Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Howdiditgoatthebankthismorning?

W:Notwell,myproposalwasrejected.

M:Really,butwhy?

W:Bunchofreasons.Forstarters,[6]theysaidmycredithistorywasnotgoodenough.

M:Dotheysayhowyoucouldimprovethat?

W:Yes,theysaidthatafterfivemoreyearsofpayingmymortgage,thenIwillbecomeamoreviablecandidateforabusinessloan.Butrightnow,it’stooriskyforthemtolendmemoney.TheyfearIwilldefaultonanybusinessloanI’mgiven.

M:Well,thatdoesn’tsoundfair.Yourbusinessideaisamazing.Didyoushowthemyourbusinessplan?

Whatdidtheysay?

W:Theydidn’treallyarticulateanypositionregardingtheactualbusinessplan.Theysimplylookedatmycredithistoryanddetermineditwasnotgoodenough.Theysaidthebankhasstrictguidelinesandrequirementsastowhotheycanlendmoneyto.AndIsimplydon’tmeettheirfinancialthreshold.

M:Whatifyouaskforasmalleramount?[8]Maybeyoucouldgathercapitalfromothersources,smallerloansfrommorelenders?

W:Youdon’tgetit.Itdoesn’tmatterthesizeoftheloanIaskfororthetypeofbusinessIpropose.That’sallinconsequential.ThefirstthingeverybankwilldoisstudyinghowmuchmoneyIhaveandhowmuchdebtIhavebeforetheydecidewhetherornottolendmeanymoremoney.[7]IfIwanttocontinueaheadwiththisdreamofowningmyownbusiness,Ihavenootherchoicebuttobuildupmyownfinances.Ineedaround20%moreinpersonalsavingsand50%lessdebt.That’sallthereistoit.

M:Iseenow.Well,it’sahugepitythattheyrejectedyourrequest,butdon’tlosehope.Istillthinkthatyourideaisgreatandthatyouwillturnitintoaphenomenalsuccess.

5.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士今天早上做了什么？對話開頭，男士就問今天早上去銀行怎么樣，女士回答說不太好，由此可知，B選項“她去了銀行”正確。A選項“她拜訪了男士”在錄音中未提及；C選項“她制定了一個商業(yè)計劃”，利用錄音中的businessplan設(shè)干擾，錄音確實提到女士做了商業(yè)計劃，但未明確商業(yè)計劃是何時做的，因此C選項不正確；D選項“她付清按揭貸款”，錄音中有提到payingmymortgage，但說的是女士還了5年的按揭貸款后，就更有可能申請商業(yè)貸款，這只是銀行給的建議，并不是女士今天早上做的事情，因此D選項不正確。

6.Whywasthewoman’sproposalrejected?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問為什么女士的提議被拒絕了？女士提到提議被拒絕的原因首先是銀行說她的信用記錄不夠好，因此C選項“她的信用記錄被認(rèn)為很差”正確。A選項“她沒有及時償還按揭貸款”在錄音中沒有提及；B選項“她顯然要求太多了”，錄音中提到與女士要求的貸款規(guī)?；蛱嶙h的業(yè)務(wù)類型無關(guān)，這都是無關(guān)緊要的，由此可知，B選項不正確；D選項“她以前的債務(wù)還沒還清”，錄音中說到女士需要多20%的個人儲蓄，少50%的債務(wù)，也就是說她被拒絕的原因不僅僅是債務(wù)未還清，因此D選項不選。

7.Whatisthewomanplanningtodo?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士打算做什么？女士提到如果她想實現(xiàn)“擁有自己的公司”這個夢想，別無選擇，只能增強自己的財力。由此可知女士是打算“自己開公司”，因此A選項正確。B選項“買一處房產(chǎn)”中的apieceofproperty和C選項“支付拖欠已久的債務(wù)”中的longoverdue在錄音中均未提及；D選項“檢查她的信用記錄”也沒有信息表明，因此不正確。

8.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問男士建議女士做什么？錄音中男士建議女士或許可以從其他渠道籌集資金，從更多的貸款人那里獲得多筆小額貸款，C選項“向不同的貸款人申請小額貸款”與錄音表述一致，因此正確。A選項“逐步增強她自己的財力”利用錄音中的buildupmyownfinances作干擾，這是女士自己的打算，并不是男士的建議；B選項“仔細修改她的商業(yè)計劃書”和D選項“向?qū)＜覍で箨P(guān)于籌款的建議”在錄音中均未提及。

14.填空題

Howareyourweddingplansgoing?

I’d（1）nottalkaboutthem,ifyoudon't（2）.

Oh,Pmsorry,Ididn’tmeantopry

句意:

你的婚禮籌備的怎么樣了？

如果你不介意的話，我寧愿不討論這個。

哦，不好意思啊，我不是想要打聽的。

【答案】1.rather

2.mind

【解析】1.固定搭配。I'drathernot我寧可不。

2.固定搭配。ifyoudon'tmind如果你不介意的話。

15.單選題

HurricaneHugowill_____intherecordbooksasthecostlieststormeverfacedbyinsurers.

問題1選項

A.godown

B.goup

C.goby

D.gothrough

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。godown“下降，傳下去”；goup“增長，上升”；goby“經(jīng)過，順便拜訪”；gothrough“經(jīng)受，通過，仔細檢查”。句意：颶風(fēng)雨果將作為有史以來遭遇損失最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨被載入史冊。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

問題1選項

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。dolater-born從句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。簡化使句子簡潔流暢，因為從句主語長，故do在前。句意：一個家庭中第一個孩子似乎有更強烈的成功愿望……。結(jié)合句意可知，A選項符合題意。因此答案為A選項。

17.單選題

Thetasteofthefoodwasso（）thatitwashardlynoticeable.

問題1選項

A.superior

B.prime

C.topic

D.subtle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。superior“優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；prime“主要的，基本的”；topic“話題，主題”；subtle“