考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東交通學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東交通學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。heave意為“舉起”；raise意為“提升，提高”；ascend意為“上升，升高”；float意為“浮動(dòng)，漂流”。此處為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。

句意：當(dāng)看到幾百個(gè)彩色氣球慢慢地升向天空時(shí)，孩子們歡呼起來。

2.單選題

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient'sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singer”totheirstudents.ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin

（

）.

3.The“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause

（

）.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Whichofthefollowingtitleswillbebestsuitthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope.

B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart.

C.considerhowNavaho“singer”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings.

D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.pleasingtheghosts

B.attractingsupernaturalpowers

C.attractingtheghosts

D.creatingasandpainting

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithaspharmaceuticalvalue

C.itdecoratethepatient

D.noneoftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Paint

B.Beachsand

C.Crushedsandstone

D.Flour

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearch

B.TheNavahoIndians’SandPainting

C.TheprocessofSandpaintingCreation

D.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先指出藝術(shù)除娛樂還有其他功能。之后便納瓦霍人的傳統(tǒng)為例,說明了沙畫師如何在治療疾病方面發(fā)揮作用的,故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ahealingceremony定位至第二段:Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer5’toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing(為了抵消這種邪惡力量，病人或其親戚將會(huì)請(qǐng)一位“歌唱者”舉行一場(chǎng)治療儀式，通過這種儀式將邪惡力量吸引過去)。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit(通過這種方式，那些邪惡的力量都將被病人吸取，最終病人的身體會(huì)變得強(qiáng)健)。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour(所用材料在納瓦霍人居住地范圍內(nèi)很容易獲得。通過兩塊石頭將棕色、紅色、黃色和白色的沙石研磨成粉狀，就像將玉米研磨成粉狀一樣)。故選C。

5.主旨大意題。文章以納瓦霍人的傳統(tǒng)為例，詳細(xì)討論了沙畫是如何在治療疾病方面發(fā)揮作用。故選B。

3.單選題

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，文章一直在論述該法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企業(yè)配額作為促進(jìn)性別平等的一種方式。請(qǐng)記住，這些基本上都是自私自利的措施，讓他們的贊助商感覺良好，但其實(shí)并沒有什么幫助。由此可見作者對(duì)此法案采取否定態(tài)度，A“helplittletoreducegenderbias對(duì)減少性別偏見沒什么幫助”為同義替換的正確選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Californiameasures定位到原文第五段第二句，BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,...courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatetheconstitutionalguaranteeof...violate違反憲法，選項(xiàng)Cagainst替換violate為正確選項(xiàng)。

3.例證題。根據(jù)題干中catalyst替換到第七段，論點(diǎn)為上一句Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernment

interference.在沒有政府干預(yù)的情況下，公司董事會(huì)中的婦女人數(shù)一直在穩(wěn)步增加?？梢奃選項(xiàng)theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions政府干預(yù)的不必要性正確。

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Norway定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一句，要求將性別作為董事會(huì)成員的主要資格，必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致私營(yíng)部門董事會(huì)減少。緊接著下文說董事會(huì)成員的機(jī)會(huì)越來越多，卻沒有合格的女性來?yè)?dān)任董事會(huì)成員，由此可見會(huì)有不合格的人進(jìn)入董事會(huì)，正確答案為選項(xiàng)C“不合格候選人進(jìn)入董事會(huì)”。

5.推斷題。B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making，由最后一段可知，下次有人把企業(yè)配額作為促進(jìn)性別平等的一種方式。請(qǐng)記住，這些基本上都是自私自利的措施，讓他們的贊助商感覺良好，但其實(shí)并沒有什么幫助。由此可知該政策并不可取，正確答案為選項(xiàng)B“可行性應(yīng)是決策的首要考慮因素”。

4.單選題

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生皺著眉頭，……那個(gè)他要做的手術(shù)。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“決定不”；goonwith“繼續(xù)”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根據(jù)“withhisbrowsknitted”可知醫(yī)生正在思考，因此劃線單詞的意思是“沉思”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

ChlorineisamainstayinmostswimmingpoolsintheUnitedStates,andisusedtoeradicatebacteria.Abacteria-freepoolwillusuallyensurethatswimmerswon'tcontractaseriousillnessiftheyspendtimein,andpossiblyingest,thewater.Whenchlorineisaddedtopoolwater,achemicalreactionoccurswherebythechlorinebreaksdownintoalegionchemicalsthatcombinetokillbacteriathatmaybeinthewater.Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.Thischemicalreactiondoesn’toccurimmediately-individualcomponentswithinchlorinetakevaryingamountsoftimetointeractwiththebacteria,creatinganalmosttime-release-typeofkillinthepoolwater.

Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.Astheyreact,thehypochlorousacidandhypochloriteioncombinetocreateaparticularacceptablepHlevelinthepoolwater.ApHisameasureofthealkalinityandaciditypresent;apHvalueof7representsaneutralvalue,and7.4isthepHvalueofthehumantear.ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.Asthechemicalsinchlorinecompletetheirreactions,theybreakdownandarenolongereffectiveinkeepingthepoolwaterneutralized.Additionalchlorinemustbeaddedtowateratspecifictimes.Outdoorpoolsthatareindirectsunlightneedtohavewateraddedmoreoftenbecausethechemicalreactiontimeforchlorineisincreasedanditseffectivenessisreducedintheseconditions.Sincethehypochloriteionisanespeciallypotentchemicalcapableoffadingfabricsandpaint,mostpeoplearemeticulousaboutrinsingchlorinefrompotentiallyaffectedareas.Althoughchlorineisinexpensiveandwidelyavailable,somepeoplefindthebleachsmelltoberepugnantandthedistinctaromapresentatmanyswimmingpoolstobeoverwhelming.Thesepeoplemaynotbeabletoenjoyaquaticpursuitsinthosepoolsthatemploychlorineasacleansingagent.Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.

1.Accordingtothepassage,astablepHvalueinpoolwaterisdependentuponwhichofthefollowing

（

）.

2.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto

（

）.

3.Basedonthepassage,whichstatementisprobablyNOTtrueofchlorine?

4.TheauthorincludestheinformationaboutthepHofhumantearsmainlyto（

）.

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutchlorineEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ensuringthatthereisonlyaminimumamountofbacteriainthewater

B.Monitoringandaddingchlorinewhenwarranted

C.Payingcloseattentiontothereactionsofchemicalsinthepoolwater

D.Ensuringthatwaterisprotectedfromdirectsunlight

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.offeranunbiasedopinionofchlorine，sefficacy

B.provideanargumentforusingchlorine

C.discussthechemicalreactiontakingplacewithinapool

D.showhowchlorinecankeeppoolwatersafe

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbeharmfulifswallowed.

B.Occasionalhighlevelsinpoolwaterareprobablynotharmful.

C.Itcankillmostcommontypesofpoolwaterbacteria.

D.Apool’ssizewilldictatetheamountneeded.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.givethereaderabaseofreference

B.provideavisualimageforthereader

C.personalizethepassagetoenhanceinterest

D.answerthereader’santicipatedquestion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.chlorine'sefficacyisaffectedbysunlight

B.chlorineismadeupoftwochemicals:hypochlorousacidandhypochlorineion

C.chlorineisusuallysaidtobemalodorous

D.chlorinelevelsmustberoutinelyassessedinpoolwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.氯必須定期補(bǔ)充”及“ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.必須定期監(jiān)測(cè)pH值比，以確保一致的最佳速率-通常保持在一個(gè)可靠的pH值測(cè)量試劑盒測(cè)量的7至8的光譜范圍內(nèi)?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“必要時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)并加氯”符合題意。

2.作者意圖題。由第一段“Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，特別是次氯酸和次氯酸鹽離子，通過消滅和氧化可惡的細(xì)胞來消滅細(xì)菌。當(dāng)這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)發(fā)生時(shí)，細(xì)菌基本上是無(wú)害的。”可知作者主要是想介紹氯氣是如何確保泳池干凈和安全的。

3.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段“Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.其他人可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，吸入一些泳池周圍高濃度的氯可能很難忍受。還有一些人在含有氯的游泳池游泳后可能會(huì)感到皮膚刺激。雖然有其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)和化合物可以用來清潔游泳池，但它們可能昂貴得令人望而卻步，或者無(wú)法殺死水中存在的所有類型的細(xì)菌?！笨芍行┤宋胍恍┯境刂車邼舛鹊穆瓤赡芎茈y忍受。故B項(xiàng)“偶爾泳池里的氯含量高可能是無(wú)害的?！北硎鲥e(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。作者通過舉例直觀地解釋PH值的知識(shí)，讓讀者有一些了解

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)對(duì)本文第二段的理解，一旦氯氣在太陽(yáng)光下，那么它的有效性就會(huì)降低，而第一段指出氯氣中發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)元素主要是次氯酸和次氯酸離子，但這無(wú)法推理出就僅僅只有這兩種物質(zhì)，B項(xiàng)“氯由兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)組成：次氯酸和低氯離子”答案過于絕對(duì)。

6.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,workbeganonacrucialsectionoftherailwaylineconnectingBostontotheHudsonRiver.Theadditionwould（1）fromGreenfield,Massachusetts,toTroy,NewYork,anditrequiredtunnelling（2）HoosacMountain,a（3）impediment,nearlyfivemilesthick,thatblockedthe（4）betweentheDeerfieldValleyandatributaryoftheHudson.

JamesHayward,oneofNewEngland’sleadingrailroadengineers,estimatedthatpenetratingtheHoosacwouldcost,（5），averymanageabletwomilliondollars.ThepresidentofAmherstCollege，（6）geologist，saidthatthemountainwascomposedofsoftrockand（7）tunnellingwouldbefairlyeasy（8）theengineershadbreachedthesurface.“TheHoosacisbelievedtobetheonlybarrierbetweenBostonandthePacific，”theproject’spromoter,AlvahCrocker,（9）.

Everyonewaswrong.DiggingthroughtheHoosacturnedouttobea（10）Theprojectcostmorethantentimesthebudgeted（11）Ifthepeopleinvolved（12）thetruenatureofthechallengestheyfaced，theywouldneverhavefundedtheTroy-Greenfieldrailroad.（13），hadtheynot，thefactoriesofnorthwesternMassachusettswouldn’thavebeenabletoshiptheirgoodssoeasilytotheexpandingWest,the（14）offreightwouldhaveremainedstubbornlyhigh,andthestateofMassachusettswouldhavebeen（15）poorer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.run

C.derive

D.range

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beyond

B.over

C.around

D.through

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.miraculous

B.massive

C.redundant

D.collective

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.framework

B.partition

C.interaction

D.passage

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.atpresent

B.atleast

C.atmost

D.inparticular

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.anideal

B.afulfilled

C.adelighted

D.anaccomplished

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.whether

C.how

D.where

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.once

B.while

C.since

D.lest

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.declined

B.detected

C.declared

D.denied

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.possibility

C.nightmare

D.feat

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.estimate

B.finance

C.operation

D.clearance

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.haveknown

B.hadknown

C.wouldknow

D.knew

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.And

B.Or

C.But

D.Thus

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.storage

B.maintenance

C.delivery

D.cost

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.incurably

B.immeasurably

C.impossibly

D.immediately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

【解析】（1）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。spread“傳播”；run“經(jīng)營(yíng)；奔跑；使延展”；derive“源于；獲得”；range“（在一定范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)”。文章第一句提到”19世紀(jì)中期，連接波士頓和哈德遜河的一段重要鐵路開始動(dòng)工”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Greenfield,toTroy可知該鐵路是從格林菲爾德延伸至特洛伊，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（2）考查介詞詞義辨析。beyond“超過，越過”；over“在……上面”；around“在……周圍”；through“穿過，通過”。空格處所在句子的大意是修建這段鐵路需要穿過Hoosac山的隧道，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（3）考查形容詞詞義辨析。miraculous“不可思議的”；massive“大量的”；redundant“多余的，過剩的”；collective“集體的，共同的”。前面提到修建鐵路需要穿過Hoosac山，a______impediment是HoosacMountain的同位語(yǔ)，因此四個(gè)形容詞中只有選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）考查名詞詞義辨析。framework“框架；結(jié)構(gòu)”；partition“劃分，分開”；interaction“相互作用，相互影響”；passage“（建筑物）通道；路段”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐荋oosac山阻礙了DeerfieldValley與哈德遜河一個(gè)支流的連接，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）考查介詞詞組辨析。atpresent“目前，現(xiàn)在”；atleast“至少”；atmost“至多”；inparticular“尤其，特別”。空格處所在句子主要講述了工程師JamesHayward認(rèn)為打通Hoosac山的花費(fèi)至多兩百萬(wàn)美元，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考查形容詞詞義辨析。ideal“理想的”；fulfilled“滿足的”；delighted“高興的；令人愉快的”；accomplished“完成的；熟練的”。空格處缺失的單詞作為名詞geologist(地質(zhì)學(xué)家)的定語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查連接詞的使用?？崭裉幒笫且粋€(gè)完整的句子，且不缺成分，所以可以判斷空格處需要填入一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，連接詞不做任何成分，做said的賓語(yǔ)，所以是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。再根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）考查連詞詞義辨析。once“一旦”；while“與……同時(shí)”；since“自……以來；因?yàn)椤?；lest“唯恐，以免”。空格處所在句子的大意是一旦工程師們打通了山體表面，穿過Hoosac山的隧道就變得容易了。因此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decline“下降；謝絕”；detect“察覺；發(fā)現(xiàn)”；declare“宣布；聲明”；deny“否認(rèn)；拒絕”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐氰F路的贊助者AlvahCrocker宣稱Hoosac被認(rèn)為是波士頓和太平洋之間唯一的阻礙，根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想；幻覺”；possibility“可能性”；nightmare“噩夢(mèng)”；feat“功績(jī)，壯舉”。前面提到開通隧道是件容易的事情，但是根據(jù)everyonewaswrong可知事情進(jìn)行得并不順利，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意：開鑿Hoosac山非常艱難，像噩夢(mèng)一般。

（11）考查詞義辨析。estimate“估算”；finance“供給經(jīng)費(fèi)”；operation“操作”；clearance“清除”。前面提到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目估計(jì)花費(fèi)200萬(wàn)美元，但實(shí)際上比估算的要多出十倍，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（12）考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)后半句話theywouldneverhavefundedtheTroy-Greenfieldrailroad（他們絕不會(huì)資助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目），可知這句話表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（13）考查邏輯關(guān)系。前面一句提到假如這些人知道這個(gè)項(xiàng)目如此艱難，他們就不會(huì)投資這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，而此句提到如果沒有這些人提供資金，馬薩諸塞州西北部的工廠就不可能如此輕易地將貨物運(yùn)送到西部，這兩句話前后是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（14）考查名詞詞義辨析。storage“存儲(chǔ)，倉(cāng)庫(kù)”；maintenance“維護(hù)，維修”；delivery“遞送”；cost“費(fèi)用，成本，代價(jià)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息remainedstubbornlyhigh此處講述的是運(yùn)輸成本非常高，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（15）考查副詞詞義辨析。incurably“治不好地”；immeasurably“無(wú)限地，廣大無(wú)邊地”；impossibly“不可能地”；immediately“立即；立刻”。前面提到如果沒有那些人的資金支持，馬薩諸塞州西北部的工廠就不可能如此輕易地將貨物運(yùn)送到西部，而當(dāng)?shù)乜隙ㄒ矔?huì)變得越來越窮，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

We（）thatweareunabletoattendthereceptionon18September.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regret

B.sympathize

C.beg

D.apologize

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)regret“感到遺憾，惋惜，后悔”，B選項(xiàng)sympathize“同情，贊同，支持”，C選項(xiàng)beg“懇求，祈求，哀求”，D選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉，謝罪，認(rèn)錯(cuò)”。句意：很抱歉我們不能參加9月18日的招待會(huì)。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Thiswillmakeartgroupsmoredirectlyandeffectively（）toaudiences,andmoreresponsivetotheircriticismsandwishes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.accountable

C.subjected

D.submitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；B選項(xiàng)accountable“有責(zé)任的，可解釋的”；C選項(xiàng)subjected“使遭受”；D選項(xiàng)submitted“遞交，主張”。句意“這將使藝術(shù)團(tuán)體更直接和有效地與觀眾接觸，并對(duì)他們的批評(píng)和愿望作出更積極的回應(yīng)?！边x項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas（）disintegration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onthegroundof“以……為理由，因?yàn)椤保籅選項(xiàng)onthetopof“在……的頂部，在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照”；D選項(xiàng)onthevergeof“瀕臨于，接近于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會(huì)處于解體的_____。這里表示的是奴隸社會(huì)瀕臨解體的邊緣，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗長(zhǎng)的”；B選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的；次要的”；C選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的；通用的”；D選項(xiàng)trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細(xì)的”。句意：只是因?yàn)槲沂撬南聦?，我的老板就認(rèn)為，他可以在對(duì)我沒有表示任何尊敬的情況下把我差來差去。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Singaporehasonly226squaremilesofkind,butitstandsforemostamongthenationsofSouthEastAsiainhaving（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%

B.maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%

C.maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate

D.6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%“經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)保持在6%以上”；B選項(xiàng)maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%“保持年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)6倍以上”；C選項(xiàng)maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate“經(jīng)濟(jì)增速保持在6%以上”；D選項(xiàng)6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained“經(jīng)濟(jì)保持年均6%的增長(zhǎng)速度”。句意：新加坡只有226平方英里的土地，但它在東南亞國(guó)家中擁有重要的地位……，結(jié)合句意，可知選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

MarkpursuedElizabethwithgentlemanners,butwasstillrepelled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldup

B.heldoff

C.heldto

D.heldin

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。repel表示“抵制”；A項(xiàng)holdup“舉起，阻攔”，B項(xiàng)holdoff“拖延，不接近”，C項(xiàng)holdto“堅(jiān)持，緊握”，D項(xiàng)holdin“抑制，約束”。句意：盡管馬克用溫和的口吻極力勸說伊麗莎白，但仍然被拒絕了。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

13.單選題

Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer—thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions—hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing,Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.

Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeviewedontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommercialtools.Forexample,thereareavailableencyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehavior,geoinorphicprocessing,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused.CD-ROMsofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworks,enhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.

Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershavebecomemorepowerful,smaller,andlessexpensive,whichhasenabledcomputernetworkstoproliferate.Manyofthetasksthatweretraditionallyperformedbymainframeshavebeentransferredtopersonalcomputersconnectedtocommunicationsnetworks.Althoughthemainframe,continuestobeproducedandservesausefulpurpose,ithasbeenusedmoreoftenasoneofmanydifferentcomputersandperipheraldevicesconnectedtocomputernetworks.Inthisnewrole,thefunctionofmainframesaspowerfulprocessorsofdatabasesystemsisbecomingimportant,and,asaresult,massivelyparallelcomputerswithhundredsorthousandsofmicroprocessorsarebeingproduced.Inadditiontobeingpowerful,themicroprocessorsusedforthispurposemustbeinexpensivebutlowcostscanbeachievedonlyiftheyaremass-produced.Throughouttheworld,morethan100,000,000personalcomputersand500,000workstationsareinuse,whereasonlyseveralhundredsupercomputersareinoperation;thenumbersofmainframesandminicomputersfallsomewherebetweenthoseofsupercomputersandworkstations.Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeproduction,microprocessorsforpersonalcomputersorworkstationstendtobeinexpensiveandareavailableforuseinmassivelyparallelcomputersaswell.

1.Multimediacomputers（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“annotated”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canprocessanythingbutdigitaldata

B.canevenprocesstelevisionimages

C.arerarelyusedineducation

D.havefewbusinessapplications

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.explained

B.forwarded

C.prepared

D.presented

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.themarketformultimediacomputershasbecomesaturated

B.mostmainframeshavebeentransformedintopersonalcomputers

C.mostpersonalcomputershavebecomemuchmorepowerfulthanmainframes

D.thelowcostsofmicroprocessorshavebeenachievedthankstothehigh-volumeproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.MultimediaComputers

B.MicroprocessorTechnology

C.ComputerNetworks

D.ChangingRoleofComputers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“多媒體計(jì)算機(jī)……”。文章第一段提到“例如，電視畫面一旦被轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字信號(hào)，那么它就能被電腦程序處理，但是傳統(tǒng)模擬信號(hào)不可以”（Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.詞義題。題目問的是“第二段劃線詞annotated的意思是……”。文章第二段提到“新的消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品可以通過展示它們?nèi)绾问褂眠@種方法來更有效地營(yíng)銷”(Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused)，由此可推測(cè)annotated有“解釋”的意思，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“通過這篇文章……”。文章最后一段提到“由于這種大批量生產(chǎn)，用于個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)或工作站的微處理器往往比較便宜，也可以用于大規(guī)模并行計(jì)算機(jī)中”（Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeprodu