考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，一個(gè)商品的機(jī)會(huì)成本是什么？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.（比如說(shuō)，建造一架超音速飛機(jī)的真正成本是因此造成學(xué)校和冰箱永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被建立。每一種生產(chǎn)行為都會(huì)消耗一些社會(huì)可用資源；它意味著放棄一個(gè)生產(chǎn)其他東西的機(jī)會(huì)。在決定如何最有效地利用資源以滿足社會(huì)需求時(shí)，必須考慮到這種機(jī)會(huì)成本。）可知，機(jī)會(huì)成本是指一種生產(chǎn)行為導(dǎo)致了另外一種生產(chǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)的喪失，即生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會(huì)成本可能是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值，D項(xiàng)“本可以生產(chǎn)的東西的價(jià)值”正確；A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中所消耗的材料、勞動(dòng)力和其他要素的價(jià)格”、B項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)它所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金錢”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用的所有資源的價(jià)值”都是包括在“生產(chǎn)一種產(chǎn)品是生產(chǎn)其他產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值”內(nèi)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“生產(chǎn)與資源的關(guān)系是什么？”。根據(jù)第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無(wú)論在絕對(duì)意義上還是相對(duì)意義上，資源都可以說(shuō)是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對(duì)稀缺……為一種目的使用的材料不得同時(shí)為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加使用必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）可以推知，如果資源投入的數(shù)量有限，生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加使用會(huì)減少可用資源的數(shù)量，A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)減少了可用資源的數(shù)量”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)與資源無(wú)關(guān)”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)隨著資源的增加而增加”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)是由可用資源刺激的”不能推斷出來(lái)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，什么決定了一件商品的價(jià)格？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.（在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價(jià)格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。）可知，A項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本”正確；由此也可知B項(xiàng)“提供材料的數(shù)量”和C項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的效率”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力成本”是包括在成本之內(nèi)的，除了勞動(dòng)力成本還有其他要素的成本。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…（在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中，一種商品的價(jià)格和供給量取決于生產(chǎn)該商品的成本，而成本最終是不生產(chǎn)其他商品的成本。比方說(shuō)，一雙鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中所消耗的其他元素的價(jià)格。但反過(guò)來(lái)，這些原料的價(jià)格取決于它們?cè)谄渌胤侥苌a(chǎn)什么……）可知，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格取決于生產(chǎn)中涉及的所有要素的成本，反過(guò)來(lái)，投入的材料的價(jià)格由能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品決定，即機(jī)會(huì)成本，所以可以推斷，產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了機(jī)會(huì)成本，D項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了它的機(jī)會(huì)成本”正確；由此也可知C項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格反映了它在社會(huì)中的實(shí)用性”錯(cuò)誤；A項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品成本反映了它在社會(huì)中的實(shí)用性”表述不正確，產(chǎn)品的成本有很多要素，其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社會(huì)中的實(shí)用性；B項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品的成本取決于它的質(zhì)量”錯(cuò)誤，產(chǎn)品的成本包括很多要素，而其中的原料成本取決于能夠生產(chǎn)的其他產(chǎn)品是什么。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心什么？”。第一段講了資源的相對(duì)稀缺性：Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.（無(wú)論在絕對(duì)意義上還是相對(duì)意義上，資源都可以說(shuō)是稀缺的：地球表面是有限的，這是絕對(duì)稀缺；但是，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的稀缺性是不同用途資源的相對(duì)稀缺性。為一種目的使用的材料不得同時(shí)為其他目的使用；如果一種投入的數(shù)量是有限的，那么它在一個(gè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的增加使用必然會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在其他方面的可用性更少。）然后第二段主要闡述產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會(huì)成本，綜合推理可知，在資源方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)心的是如何利用現(xiàn)有的資源，C項(xiàng)“如何合理利用現(xiàn)有資源”正確；A項(xiàng)“如何開(kāi)發(fā)自然資源”文中沒(méi)有提及；B項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對(duì)資源的絕對(duì)稀缺”不正確，在第一段就提到了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的是相對(duì)稀缺性；D項(xiàng)“如何將資源的絕對(duì)稀缺轉(zhuǎn)化為相對(duì)稀缺”與文意不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears;middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,theoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist’stradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,andthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodemmodernindustry________.

3.Theword“dubious”(underlinedinPara2.)mostprobablymeans________.

4.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis________.

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsone________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.useful

C.doubtful

D.helpful

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

B.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

C.moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

C.tosolvetechnicalproblems

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.（50年前，“被雇傭”的意思是作為工廠工人或農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人工作，而今天的雇員越來(lái)越多地是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，接受過(guò)大量的正規(guī)教育，從事需要智力和技術(shù)技能的專業(yè)或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，當(dāng)人們提到被雇傭時(shí)想到的是工廠或農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人，而現(xiàn)在想到的是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，由此可推斷出50年前，知識(shí)分子作為雇員工作的占比沒(méi)有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大，所以D選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)分子作為雇員工作的百分比沒(méi)有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的百分比大”正確。A選項(xiàng)“百分之八十的美國(guó)工人受雇于工廠”和B選項(xiàng)“百分之二十的美國(guó)知識(shí)分子是雇員”對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二句“大約一百年前，每五個(gè)在工作的美國(guó)人中只有一個(gè)被雇傭，即為別人工作?！保颂幷f(shuō)的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此處要表達(dá)的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美國(guó)工人受雇于工廠，所以A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法都不正確，屬于反向干擾；C選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)分子在全體勞動(dòng)力中的比例幾乎與產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的比例相同”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章第一段說(shuō)到50年前，知識(shí)分子作為雇員工作的占比沒(méi)有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大，所以C選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.（事實(shí)上，在過(guò)去的50年里，美國(guó)社會(huì)有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和上層社會(huì)的雇員一直是我們勞動(dòng)人口中增長(zhǎng)最快的群體——增長(zhǎng)如此之快，以至于工業(yè)革命時(shí)以體力為主的工人在數(shù)量上已經(jīng)失去了重要性，盡管工業(yè)生產(chǎn)在擴(kuò)大。），由此可推斷出產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的數(shù)量減少了，所以B選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)業(yè)工人在總雇員人口中的比例有所下降”正確。A選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的數(shù)量將超過(guò)知識(shí)型員工”和D選項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)雇員和產(chǎn)業(yè)工人一樣多”與原文表述不符，屬于反向干擾；C選項(xiàng)“雇主非常重視產(chǎn)業(yè)工人”文章沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段開(kāi)頭Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.（然而，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎沒(méi)有任何關(guān)于如何成為一名員工的內(nèi)容。但是你卻可以找到很多關(guān)于如何獲得工作或晉升非常______的建議。），根據(jù)第一句幾乎沒(méi)有什么文章寫(xiě)道應(yīng)該如何成為一名員工，卻有如何獲得工作或晉升的建議，所以不難推測(cè)這種建議是不可信的，因此C選項(xiàng)“可疑的；不可信的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“有價(jià)值的”；B選項(xiàng)“有用的”；D選項(xiàng)“有幫助的”都與原文所表達(dá)的意思相反，屬于反向干擾，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade（當(dāng)然，更多的人失敗是因?yàn)樗麄儾恢雷鳛橐幻麊T工的要求，而不是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有充分掌握自己的行業(yè)技能），由此可推斷作者認(rèn)為知道自己作為員工的要求，即做一名好員工比掌握專業(yè)知識(shí)技能更重要，所以B選項(xiàng)“不如意識(shí)到自己要做一名好員工那么重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與處理公共關(guān)系的能力同等重要”、C選項(xiàng)“比勞資關(guān)系更重要”和D選項(xiàng)“與組織中其他人合作的能力同樣重要”文章都沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到最后一段最后兩句employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill…thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,andthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.（對(duì)成功來(lái)說(shuō)，雇傭制度比特殊的專業(yè)知識(shí)或技能更為重要……你的職位越高，你進(jìn)入行政或管理工作的機(jī)會(huì)就越多，你就越重視在組織內(nèi)的工作能力，而不是技術(shù)能力或?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)。），由此可知雇傭制度有利于幫助一個(gè)人在他的職業(yè)生涯中取得較大成功，所以A選項(xiàng)“在他的事業(yè)上更成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“在他的領(lǐng)域更專業(yè)”、C選項(xiàng)“解決技術(shù)問(wèn)題”以及D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展他的專業(yè)技能”都與文章表述不符，此處提到了雇傭制度中，知道自己作為員工的要求比任何專業(yè)知識(shí)、技術(shù)知識(shí)以及專業(yè)技能都更重要，B、C、D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspenttheempty”timelookingatthingsinsolitarybills.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.

Whathadhebeenafraidof,Iaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexplored,andsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyonewhocanseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?Theoriginalimpactgetslost,ordiffused.

“MusicIheardwithyouwasmorethanmusic”.Exactly.Andthereforemusicitselfcanonlybeheardalone.“Solitudeisthesaltofpersonhood.Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience.”

“Aloneoneisneverlonely:thespiritadventures,walkinginaquietgarden,inacoolhouse,abidingsinglethere.”

Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,andmood.Humanintercourseoftendemandsthatwesoftentheedgeofperception,orwithdrawattheveryinstantofpersonaltruthforfearofhurting,orofbeinginappropriatelypresent,whichistosaynaked,inasocialsituation.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweare,andtofeelwhateverwefeelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasingrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterinahorizontalposition?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlonelinessiscorrect?

3.Bysaying“solitudeisthesaltofpersonhood”(Paragrph3)theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe“（）”.

5.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theexperienceofbeingaloneoffersoneachancetolookintotheself

B.it’shumannaturetobeadventurous

C.doublevisionisbetterthansinglevision.

D.solitudecanmakeonegenius

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleamongothersaremorepronelonelinessthanpeoplealone.

B.Peoplewhofeellonelyarethosewhoarealone.

C.Lonelinesshelpsonetobehimself.

D.Marriedpeopleareneverlonely.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.solitudeaddsflavortolife

B.peoplecanbetterenjoylifewithsolitude

C.peoplecanexperienceeverythinginlifeasitreallyisinsolitude

D.peoplewillbemoreexperiencedwithsolitude

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.InnerSpaceandOuterSpace

B.LonelinessandItsCure

C.BlissfulSolitude

D.SolitudeandHumanIntercourse

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.satirical

C.exasperated

D.meditative

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。A:孤獨(dú)的經(jīng)歷可以讓人探尋內(nèi)在的自己。第二段指出:Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,…Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand.foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal(但是有了這次嘗試，他便要開(kāi)始探險(xiǎn)了，即將發(fā)射到自己內(nèi)心的宇宙之中,…他的所見(jiàn)所感對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)將是全新的，一度會(huì)新穎得讓人驚奇)。由此推斷A項(xiàng)“孤獨(dú)的經(jīng)歷可以讓人探尋內(nèi)在的自己”正確。B:人類天生有探險(xiǎn)精神，此項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷。C:雙重看法好于單個(gè)看法，此項(xiàng)與第二段意思相反。D:孤獨(dú)可以成就天才，與原文所述不符。因此本題選A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:與別人待在一起，比單獨(dú)時(shí)孤獨(dú)感更為強(qiáng)烈。第五段第一句指出:Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,evenwithaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftaste,temperament,andmood(與別人待在一起時(shí)孤獨(dú)感更為強(qiáng)烈，因?yàn)榕c他人在一起，即使是戀人，我們也會(huì)被不同的品味，不同的性格，以及不同的情緒所困擾)。因此，A項(xiàng)正確。B:有孤獨(dú)感的人是孤獨(dú)的人，此項(xiàng)與原文不符。C:孤獨(dú)能讓人做自己，此項(xiàng)與原文不符，文章只是說(shuō)孤獨(dú)能讓自己感受真正的自我。D:已婚者永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)孤獨(dú)，與文章不符。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:孤獨(dú)可以增加生活韻味。第三段最后一句指出:Itbringsouttheauthenticflavorofeveryexperience(它讓人感受到所有經(jīng)歷的真實(shí)韻味)。由此可推斷thesaltofpersonhood指的是“增加韻味”，因此A項(xiàng)正確。B:孤獨(dú)時(shí)，人們可以享受更好的生活。此項(xiàng)本身正確，但是不符合題干要求。C:只有在真正孤獨(dú)時(shí)，人們才能經(jīng)歷所有的事情，此項(xiàng)不符合原文。D:人們因孤獨(dú)而經(jīng)歷豐富，此項(xiàng)同樣本身正確，但是不符合題干要求。

第4題:主旨大意題。全文的大意為:獨(dú)居但不孤獨(dú)，與別人待在一起時(shí)孤獨(dú)感更為強(qiáng)烈。因此C項(xiàng)“幸福的孤獨(dú)”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章討論的是孤獨(dú)帶給人的好處。獨(dú)居但不孤獨(dú)，與別人呆在一起時(shí)孤獨(dú)感更為強(qiáng)烈。因此，D項(xiàng)“深思的”正確。

4.單選題

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。cutdown意為“減少，砍倒”；shutout意為“把……關(guān)在門外，阻斷（念頭、情感等）”；cutshort意為“縮短，打斷”；shutoff意為“關(guān)閉，停止”。

句意：當(dāng)Dick開(kāi)始講述他的暑假時(shí)，教師打斷了他，說(shuō)“下次告訴我們”。

5.單選題

Bothchildrenseemedtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto____me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitate

B.aggregate

C.aggravate

D.alleviate

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.agitate鼓動(dòng)；使焦慮不安B.aggregate總計(jì)

C.aggravate（故意）激怒；惹惱D.alleviate減輕

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語(yǔ)義為“兩個(gè)孩子似乎都在盡他們所能地____我”，根據(jù)后文“回家之前我就已經(jīng)心情不好了”推測(cè)，兩個(gè)孩子的行為讓我心情更加不好了，C選項(xiàng)“（故意）激怒；惹惱”與原句語(yǔ)義銜接最緊密。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)agitate“鼓動(dòng)；使焦慮不安”，“使焦慮”沒(méi)有“使惱火”符合原句語(yǔ)義；

B選項(xiàng)aggregate“總計(jì)”，為aggravate的形近詞，但不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕”，為aggravate的形近詞，但不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】?jī)蓚€(gè)孩子似乎都在千方百計(jì)地使我惱火，而我在回家之前就已經(jīng)心情不好了。

6.單選題

Thespeakerwasregardedasatroublemakerbecauseshe（

）thegrantingofequalitytoallregardlessofrace,colororsex.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.verified

B.developed

C.adopted

D.advocated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個(gè)發(fā)言人被當(dāng)作是一個(gè)制造麻煩的人，因?yàn)樗拇等巳似降鹊睦砟钜粺o(wú)論種族、膚色或者性別。

動(dòng)詞辨析。Verified核實(shí)，證實(shí);developed發(fā)展;adopted采用;advocated鼓吹某種道德、理念或者思想。根據(jù)題目空白處后面所接的賓語(yǔ)“人人平等的理念”可以推斷出答案為D。

7.單選題

Theyfearitcouldhavea(n)（

）effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sizeable

B.adverse

C.beneficial

D.consequential

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sizeable“相當(dāng)大的”；B選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的，有害的，反面的”；C選項(xiàng)beneficial“有利的，有益的”；D選項(xiàng)consequential“隨之而來(lái)的，相應(yīng)發(fā)生的，重要的”。由句中的fear（害怕，擔(dān)心）可推測(cè)effect（影響）是指不好的、不利的影響，因此選B。句意：他們害怕它會(huì)對(duì)全球金融市場(chǎng)有不利的影響。

8.單選題

Therainlookedasifithad（）forthenight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setoff

B.setup

C.setout

D.setin

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。setoff“出發(fā)，動(dòng)身”；setup“豎立，建造”；setout“出發(fā)，開(kāi)始”；setin“開(kāi)始，到來(lái)，流行”。句意：這雨好像從晚上就開(kāi)始了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“構(gòu)成；編造”；makeoff“匆忙離開(kāi)”；makeout“理解；辨認(rèn)”。句意：...原因在于將不同類型的對(duì)象統(tǒng)一起來(lái)并不能夠有助于簡(jiǎn)化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)mobile“可移動(dòng)的，易變的”；B選項(xiàng)drifting“漂流的；飄動(dòng)的”，一般是指由風(fēng)或者水飄動(dòng)著；C選項(xiàng)shifting“不斷移動(dòng)的，不斷變化的”，也可以變換形態(tài)；D選項(xiàng)rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)管理全國(guó)15所圖書(shū)館，其中6所……圖書(shū)館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務(wù)。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書(shū)館。移動(dòng)圖書(shū)館有專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)為mobilelibrary，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。continuous“連續(xù)的，持續(xù)的”，中間沒(méi)有間斷；continual“持續(xù)不斷的；頻繁的”，中間可能有間斷；constant“不變的；恒定的；經(jīng)常的”；contrary“相反的，對(duì)立的”。句意：城邦之間持續(xù)不斷的沖突最終導(dǎo)致了希臘文明的衰落。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Thegovernment’sstrongactiondemonstratedits（）tocrushtherebellion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.energy

B.resistance

C.courage

D.determination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)energy“能量；精力；活力”；B選項(xiàng)resistance“阻力；電阻；抵抗”；C選項(xiàng)courage“勇氣；膽量”；D選項(xiàng)determination“決心”。句意：政府強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)表明了它粉碎叛亂的決心。根據(jù)句中“strongaction強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)”可知“決心”符合語(yǔ)境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Heseemedtoooldforher,（

）likeafather（

）ahusband.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.more...than

B.notso...as

C.most...than

D.rather...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，他似乎有點(diǎn)太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父親。

考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有點(diǎn)太老了”推測(cè)后面句意為:相比丈夫，他更像她的父親。more...than...相比…，更是…。故選A。

14.單選題

Alltheinvestorsinstocksmustbe（）totherisksinsuchinvestment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.realistic

B.alert

C.accessible

D.awake

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。realistic“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”；alert“警覺(jué)的”；accessible“易接近的”；awake“醒著的”。句意：所有股票投資者都必須當(dāng)心這種投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Color-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficultto（）betweenblueandgreen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.separate

B.compare

C.contrast

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。separate分離；compare比較；contrast對(duì)比；distinguish辨別。句意：色盲患者經(jīng)常很難區(qū)分藍(lán)色和綠色。選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Youshouldtryto（

）yourambitionandbemorerealistic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reserve

B.restrain

C.retain

D.reclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。reserve意為“預(yù)定，儲(chǔ)存，保留”；restrain意為“抑制，壓抑”；retain意為“保持”；reclaim意為“開(kāi)拓，開(kāi)墾”。

句意：你應(yīng)該控制你的野心，更現(xiàn)實(shí)一點(diǎn)。

17.單選題

Themethodsthroughwhichtheybuiltupandmaintainedpersonalfollowingsandtheoutlookswhichaccompaniedsuchactivitylikewisebecameimportant（）formodernChinesepoliticalbehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.precedents

B.pioneer

C.source

D.resource

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)precedents“引用單元”；B選項(xiàng)pioneer“先鋒”；C選項(xiàng)source“來(lái)源”；D選項(xiàng)resource“資源”。分析題干可知，空白處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容，活動(dòng)會(huì)成為中國(guó)政治行為的……，可推測(cè)答案選項(xiàng)為C。句意：他們用來(lái)建立維護(hù)追隨者的方法與完成這樣的活動(dòng)的展望也成為了現(xiàn)今中國(guó)政治行為的重要……。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Hewashere（）thestroke.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。onthestroke“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意：他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了這里。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Wearetoldthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogrammeasPanoroma.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtoomuchintimationaboutsocieties,formsoflife,andattitudesotherthanthosewhichtheyobtainintheirlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnomorethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinquarry(采石場(chǎng))andwhichmay,conceivably,gotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesarepresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobservefleetinglyindividuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthemissufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesiretokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.Theorgansoftheestablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandwhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathattheywillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandinquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchinquiriesmightreallyhurt.Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptionsofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestionclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogramsgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo(現(xiàn)狀).Therewereexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themassmediapresentuswith（

）.

2.Whateffectisitclaimedthemassmediacanhaveonourintellectualandimaginativedevelopment?

3.Theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedralthat（

）.

4.Howarethemassmediasaidtoinfluenceourabilitytomakedecisions?

5.Themainweaknessofthemassmediaisidentifiedbytheauthoras（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insufficientdiversityofinformation

B.toorestrictedaviewoflife

C.awiderangeoffactsandopinions

D.acriticalassessmentofoursociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarelikelytofrustratethisdevelopment.

B.Theycanformabasisforit.

C.Theycandistortourjudgment.

D.Theycanstimulatetoomuchmentalactivity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialonly

B.themediaevalmediahaddifferentbeliefs

C.greatworksofartrequiregoodfoundations

D.closeattentiontodetailisimportant

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theydisturbusbytheirprejudices.

B.Theymakeusdoubtourownjudgments.

C.Theymakenocontributioninthisarea.

D.Theymakedecisionswhichappeartoocomplicated.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fearoflosingthecustomer

B.thediverseviewsofthecontributors

C.servicetotheprofitmotive

D.tryingtocaterforavestrangeofaudience

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:人類歷史上從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)如此多的人頻繁地批露，諸如：社會(huì)、生活方式以及思想觀念的陰暗面，而這些與人們從所處社會(huì)接收的那些信息是不同的。因此排除A、B項(xiàng)。第二段指出:Thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquiry,donotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiresmightreallyhurt(盡管他們辯論、質(zhì)疑，但仍然觸及不到關(guān)鍵之處),由此推斷D項(xiàng)(對(duì)社會(huì)的一個(gè)批判性評(píng)估)是大眾傳媒所不具備的。故選C項(xiàng)(廣泛的事實(shí)和意見(jiàn))。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞intellectualandimaginativedevelopment定位至第一段:Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities,widthofjudgment,andasenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdonotalwayspromptotherstobuild,作者用建大教堂這個(gè)比喻說(shuō)明有價(jià)值的結(jié)果不僅僅依靠原材料。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二段。第二句說(shuō):大眾媒介經(jīng)常不能把