考研考博-英語-無錫太湖學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-無錫太湖學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confine“限制；禁閉”；B選項(xiàng)conform“符合；遵照；適應(yīng)環(huán)境”；C選項(xiàng)confront“面對；遭遇；比較”；D選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)；確定；證實(shí)”。句意：在任何特定文化中的絕大多數(shù)人都將遵守該文化既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?？崭裉幍膭釉~既要符合句意，又要與to構(gòu)成搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。Conformto表示“符合，遵照”。

2.單選題

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onconditionof“只要”；B選項(xiàng)inlinewith“符合”；C選項(xiàng)atoddswith“與……不一致”；D選項(xiàng)indisguiseof“托辭，假扮成，打著……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行為有時(shí)_______他的個(gè)性的害羞和自覺意識。根據(jù)語境，這里指他的暴力行為不會讓人想到他會害羞，所以atoddswith“與……不一致”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagohassharply（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descended

B.slipped

C.lessened

D.declined

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。descend“下降，下傾（數(shù)量）”；slip“使滑動”；lessen“使變小，使減輕”；decline“下降，拒絕”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急劇下降。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludesanynohardwareelementofacomputersystem:programs,writtendocumentationtoaccompanyprograms,flowcharts,andusermanuals,forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.

Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.

Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.Usersofmediumtolargescalecomputersystem.Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.

Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.Thesepackageshaverepresentedsignificantportionsofthepurchasesorleasepriceofsystems.

Themicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980sbroughtwithittheconceptofthecommercialsoftwarepublisher(softwarehouse).Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.Majorhardwaremanufacturersbegantomarketsoftwareproducedbythesesoftwarespecialistswiththesystems.Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.

1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonlyuseddefinitionofsoftwareis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturers（）.

4.Sincethemicrocomputerrevolutionintheearly1980s,（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicatedinformationprocessingactivities

B.anynohardwareelementofacomputersystem

C.asetofinstructions

D.flowchartsandusermanuals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nowhardwaremanufacturersalsodevelopandmarketsoftware.

B.Earlycomputerusershadnochoicebuttodeveloptheirownsoftware.

C.Softwareisnowavailableforthemicrocomputeruserevenfrombookstores.

D.Earlycomputermanufacturersalsodevelopedandmarketedsoftware.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyheavilyonsoftwaredevelopedbytheircustomers

B.usedtoincludesoftwarewiththesystempackage

C.canmakechangesforsoftwaretomeetcustomerneeds

D.selltheirsystempackagesatverylowprices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.commercialsoftwarepublishershavegraduallydisappeared

B.majorhardwaremanufacturerbegantodeveloptheirownsoftware

C.manycompaniesstoppedthedevelopmentofsoftwareforlargecomputers

D.therehavebeennumerouschoicesofsoftwareformicrocomputerusers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itwillcostagreatdealmoreforcomputeruserstodeveloptheirownsoftwarethanbuyit

B.softwarepricesremainedhighbecauseitwasnoteasytodevelopanysoftware

C.itisverydifficultforuserstoduplicatesoftware

D.softwarehaslongbeenofhighqualityduetoexperienceandcompetition

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Referencestosoftwareusuallyindicateasetofinstructions.（對軟件的引用通常表示一組指令。）因此可以看出最常見的定義就是一組指令，C選項(xiàng)“一組指令”正確。A選項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的信息處理活動”，在第一段的第一句Contemporaryofficetechnologyrequiressoftwareorprogramstocarryoutcomplicatedinformationprocessingactivities.（現(xiàn)代辦公技術(shù)需要軟件或程序來進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的信息處理活動。）它并不是軟件的定義；B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何非硬件元素”和D選項(xiàng)“流程圖和用戶手冊”，在第一段Abroaderapplicationofthetermincludes...forexample.Thelatteruseofthetermisrare.（這個(gè)術(shù)語的更廣泛的應(yīng)用包括計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的任何硬件元素：例如程序、伴隨程序的書面文檔、流程圖和用戶手冊。后一種用法很少見。）但是原文說了這一種用法很少見，因此錯(cuò)誤。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句話Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdeveloping...formthecomputersystem.（早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動。）因此B選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)用戶別無選擇，只能開發(fā)自己的軟件”是不正確的。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在硬件制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第二段的第一句Softwareisnowavailablefromavarietyofsources:hardwaremanufacturersandvendors,softwarehouses(firmsthatdevelopandmarketsoftware),andstaffprogrammers(userdevelopedsoftware).軟件現(xiàn)在可以從各種來源獲得：硬件制造商和供應(yīng)商、軟件公司（開發(fā)和銷售軟件的公司）和職員程序員（用戶開發(fā)軟件）。A項(xiàng)正確；C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在微機(jī)用戶甚至可以從書店買到軟件”，在第二段的第二句Officesupplyhouses,computershops,andevenbookstoresmarketpackagedsoftwareforthemicrocomputermarket.（辦公用品店、電腦店，甚至?xí)甓枷蛭C(jī)市場出售打包的軟件。）C選項(xiàng)正確；D選項(xiàng)“早期的計(jì)算機(jī)制造商也開發(fā)和銷售軟件”，在第三段的第一句Earlycomputerusersthoughtintermsofdevelopingtheirownsoftwareorusingsoftwaredevelopedbycomputermanufacturestoperformtheinformationprocessingactivitiesdesiredformthecomputersystem.（早期計(jì)算機(jī)用戶的想法是開發(fā)自己的軟件或使用計(jì)算機(jī)制造商開發(fā)的軟件來執(zhí)行所需的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)信息處理活動。）可見之前的制造商也開發(fā)并銷售軟件，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句話Largetomediumscalecomputermanufacturersorvendorshavetraditionallyincludedsoftwarewiththesystempackage,sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（大型到中型計(jì)算機(jī)制造商或供應(yīng)商傳統(tǒng)上在系統(tǒng)包中包括軟件，有時(shí)提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）因此B選項(xiàng)“過去常常在系統(tǒng)包中包含軟件”正確。A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重依賴客戶開發(fā)的軟件”，在倒數(shù)第三段的最后一句話Stillrelyheavilyonprogramsdeveloped,tested,andperfectedbytheirownprogrammers.（仍然嚴(yán)重依賴由他們自己的程序員開發(fā)、測試和完善的程序。）依賴的是程序員開發(fā)的軟件而不是客戶；C選項(xiàng)“可以對軟件進(jìn)行更改以滿足客戶的需求”，在倒數(shù)第二段的第一句sometimesprovidealterationsnecessarytocustomizetheprogramstouserneeds.（有時(shí)提供必要的修改，以定制程序，以滿足用戶的需要。）可以看出只是偶爾會這么做；D選項(xiàng)“以很低的價(jià)格出售他們的系統(tǒng)軟件包”，這個(gè)是文章沒有給出具體說法的。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第一段第二句話Companieswereformedtoengageinwritingandmarketingsoftwareforalltypesandsizesofcomputers,butthoseproducingsoftwareformicrocomputerswereespeciallynumerous.（公司的成立是為了從事為各種類型和大小的計(jì)算機(jī)編寫和銷售軟件，但是那些為微型計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)軟件的公司尤其多。）因此可以看出在微機(jī)革命之后，關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的公司增多了，D選項(xiàng)“微型計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有許多軟件可供選擇”正確。A選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)軟件出版商已經(jīng)逐漸消失”，原文并沒有說它消失了；B選項(xiàng)“主要的硬件制造商開始開發(fā)自己的軟件”，文章沒有具體提到這點(diǎn)；C選項(xiàng)“許多公司停止了大型計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的開發(fā)”，文章沒有提及。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞定位在文章最后一段Yet,thesehighpriceswerefrequentlypreferabletothecostofprogramsdevelopedinhouse.Experienceandcompetitionhaveincreasedaqualityofbothprogramsandinstructionalmaterials.（然而，這些高的價(jià)格往往是更可取的程序開發(fā)的內(nèi)部成本。經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競爭提高了課程和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量。）也就是說明這些軟件的開發(fā)主要都是難在經(jīng)驗(yàn)上，因此人們自己去開發(fā)的成本是會非常大的，A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)用戶開發(fā)自己的軟件比購買軟件的成本要高得多”正確。B選項(xiàng)“軟件價(jià)格居高不下是因?yàn)殚_發(fā)任何軟件都不容易”，太籠統(tǒng)，不夠具體；C選項(xiàng)“用戶很難復(fù)制軟件”，根據(jù)最后一段Becauseoftheeasewithwhichuserscouldduplicatesoftware,softwarepricesremainedhigh.（由于用戶可以很容易地復(fù)制軟件，軟件的價(jià)格仍然很高。）可以發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶復(fù)制軟件并不難；D選項(xiàng)“由于經(jīng)驗(yàn)和競爭，軟件長期以來一直是高質(zhì)量的”，在最后一段的倒數(shù)第四句Thequalityoftheprogramsandinstructionalmaterialsthataccompaniedthemwasfrequentlypoor.（節(jié)目和教學(xué)材料的質(zhì)量通常很差。）可見軟件的質(zhì)量并不是一直都很好。

5.單選題

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStateassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetata

placecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.Inlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanother,ithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemiddleI9lhcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborersfromEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SettlementsSpreadWestward

B.TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:AVitalLink

C.AmericanRailroadHistory

D.TheImportanceofTrainsintheAmericanEconomy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem(最嚴(yán)重的問題是建設(shè)能承重的鐵軌和開發(fā)安全、有效的（火車）制動系統(tǒng)),由此可知A項(xiàng)“質(zhì)量差的鐵軌和不可靠的制動系統(tǒng)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets(在鼓勵(lì)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動方面,鐵路（即美國的第一個(gè)橫貫大陸的鐵路）非常重要。它通過運(yùn)輸原材料和快速地把產(chǎn)品分配到更遠(yuǎn)的市場也幫助加強(qiáng)了工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)（的發(fā)展）),由此可知A項(xiàng)“帶來了西部工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展”正確。

3.主旨大意題。第一段提出:火車成為了美國陸地交通的最好方式,第二段講述美國第一條橫貫大陸鐵路系統(tǒng)的修建。因此B項(xiàng)“橫貫大陸的鐵路:重要的連接”適合作文章標(biāo)題。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(1862年,國會授權(quán)兩家西部鐵路公司建設(shè)從內(nèi)布拉斯加州往西和從加利福尼亞州往東到一個(gè)匯聚點(diǎn)的鐵路線,以便完成一條連接大西洋沿岸和太平洋地區(qū)的橫貫大陸的鐵路線),以及:Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater(這個(gè)工程的實(shí)際工作在4年后開始),以及:In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah,manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion(1869年,他們在如今猶他州一個(gè)名為普羅蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客為了這偉大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知橫貫大陸的鐵路線建設(shè)時(shí)間為1866—1869年,供3年,故選D。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(以便完成一條連接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美國東海岸）和太平洋地區(qū)（即文中指代的美國西部）的橫貫大陸的鐵路線),故選C“需要連接?xùn)|海岸和西部”。

6.單選題

Thespeakerwasregardedasatroublemakerbecauseshe（

）thegrantingofequalitytoallregardlessofrace,colororsex.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verified

B.developed

C.adopted

D.advocated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個(gè)發(fā)言人被當(dāng)作是一個(gè)制造麻煩的人，因?yàn)樗拇等巳似降鹊睦砟钜粺o論種族、膚色或者性別。

動詞辨析。Verified核實(shí)，證實(shí);developed發(fā)展;adopted采用;advocated鼓吹某種道德、理念或者思想。根據(jù)題目空白處后面所接的賓語“人人平等的理念”可以推斷出答案為D。

7.單選題

Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenderize

B.defrost

C.season

D.braise

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。thaw意為“(結(jié)冰后)解凍，融化，融解”；tenderize意為“使嫩，使軟化”；defrost意為“（給……）化霜，（使）解凍”；season意為“加調(diào)料調(diào)味，加作料”；braise意為“燉，燜”。

句意：烹飪?nèi)庵?，你得先解凍它?/p>

8.單選題

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:下周就要考試了，我要利用周末時(shí)間好好看看書。

catchupon彌補(bǔ)不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup偽造，化妝;pickup提高（速度），加快（節(jié)奏）。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayof180to200wordsonthetopic:“PrivateCarsShouldNotBeEncouragedinChina?”Youressayshouldincludeabeginning,abodyandaconclusion.Pleasepayspecialattentiontoitsstructure,contentandlanguage.Writetheessayontheanswersheet.

【答案】略

10.單選題

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,anoutgoingandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe“empty”timelookingatthingsin（1）solitarydelight.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallingin（2）todiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,I（3）myself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatlieboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkof（4）;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace,spaceasimmense,unexploredandsometimesfrighteningasouterspacetotheastronaut.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyone（5）canseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?The（6）impactgetslost,ordiffused.Lonelinessismostacutelyfeltwithotherpeople,forwithothers,（7）withaloversometimes,wesufferfromourdifferencesoftasteandmood.Alonewecanaffordtobewhollywhateverweareandtofeelwhatever（8）feelabsolutely.Thatisagreatluxury!Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.When1canwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichto（9）afewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,liedownintheafternoonforalongthink(whydoesonethinkbetterina（10）position?),readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.such

C.so

D.much

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.love

B.emotion

C.fancy

D.passion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pondered

B.enquired

C.asked

D.thought

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.activity

B.adventure

C.excitement

D.danger

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.they

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.original

B.basic

C.clear

D.lonely

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.still

C.even

D.but

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.one

B.they

C.us

D.we

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.inscribe

B.compose

C.cut

D.write

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.horizontal

B.vertical

C.painless

D.motionless

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)very表示“非常，很；完全”；B選項(xiàng)such表示“這樣的，如此的”；C選項(xiàng)so表示“如此，這么；確是如此”；D選項(xiàng)much表示“非常，很”。第一句中出現(xiàn)了unexpectedlyalone，而空格后的solitary（a.孤獨(dú)的；獨(dú)居的）再次提及“孤獨(dú)”，因此空格處應(yīng)表示“如此的，這樣的”。so和such都可表示“如此的，這樣的”。so是副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞；而such是形容詞，修飾名詞。二者后面都接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，但用法不同。so的用法為：so+adj.+a（an）+n.；such的用法為：such+a（an）+adj.+n.。如果后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，則只能用such，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由第一句中的appointments以及空缺前的great可知這種感覺應(yīng)宛如“墜入愛河”一般美好，故可構(gòu)成“fallinlove墜入愛河”的A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)emotion表示“情感；情緒”；C選項(xiàng)fancy表示“幻想；想象力；愛好”；D選項(xiàng)passion表示“激情；熱情”。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)空缺前“Whathadhebeenafraidof”可知，這是作者反問自己，故C選項(xiàng)ask符合句意。A選項(xiàng)ponder表示“仔細(xì)考慮；思考；衡量”；B選項(xiàng)enquire表示“詢問；打聽；調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)think表示“想；認(rèn)為；想起”。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)activity表示“活動；行動；活躍”；B選項(xiàng)adventure表示“冒險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)精祌；投機(jī)活動”；C選項(xiàng)excitement表示“興奮；刺激；令人興奮的事物”；D選項(xiàng)danger表示“危險(xiǎn)；危險(xiǎn)物；威脅”。根據(jù)空格前havingtakentheplunge（在冒險(xiǎn)嘗試后）可知，他現(xiàn)在是在冒險(xiǎn)，故B選項(xiàng)“冒險(xiǎn)”符合句意。

5.考查語法知識?？杖碧幖爸蟮腸anseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeye屬于空缺前anyone的后置定語從句。因此，空缺處應(yīng)為可充當(dāng)定語從句主語的關(guān)系代詞，故A項(xiàng)who正確。

6.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)original表示“最初的；開始的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；新穎的”；B選項(xiàng)basic表示“基本的；基礎(chǔ)的”；C選項(xiàng)clear表示“清楚的；清澈的；晴朗的；無罪的”；D選項(xiàng)lonely表示“寂寞的；偏僻的”。由上文中的seemstartinglyoriginal以及后文中的Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?可知，如果旁邊有別人，我們會急于想知道自己同伴的看法以及自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此最初的印象就消失了。故original符合句意，本題正確選項(xiàng)為A項(xiàng)。

7.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)although表示“盡管；雖然；但是；然而”；B選項(xiàng)still表示“仍然；但是；盡管如此”；C選項(xiàng)even表示“甚至；即使”；D選項(xiàng)but表示“但是；然而”。根據(jù)句意可知，空缺處后的lover應(yīng)為空缺前others的進(jìn)一步說明，故C選項(xiàng)“even”符合語境，因此本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

8.考查邏輯關(guān)系。And連接兩個(gè)并列部分，由空缺前“whateverweare”可知，后文應(yīng)為“whateverwefeel”，故D項(xiàng)we正確。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

9.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)inscribe表示“題獻(xiàn)；銘記;雕”；B選項(xiàng)compose表示“構(gòu)成；創(chuàng)作，排版；使平靜”；C選項(xiàng)cut表示“切割；剪短；釋放”；D選項(xiàng)write表示“書寫；寫信給；著述”。由空缺后afewpages可知，D選項(xiàng)write符合句意，故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)horizontal表示“水平的；地平線的；同一階層的”；B選項(xiàng)vertical表示“垂直的；頂點(diǎn)的；縱向的”；C選項(xiàng)painless表示“無痛的；不痛的”；D選項(xiàng)motionless表示“靜止的；不運(yùn)動的”。由空缺前l(fā)iedown以及thinkbetter可知，躺著的時(shí)候可以更好地思考，故A項(xiàng)horizontal符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時(shí)期的西方哲學(xué)家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時(shí)起，藝術(shù)哲學(xué)變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)plant“種植，栽培”；B選項(xiàng)supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項(xiàng)transplant“移植”；D選項(xiàng)replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學(xué)取代自然哲學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)marking“標(biāo)記的”；B選項(xiàng)remarking“評論”；C選項(xiàng)marked“顯著的”；D選項(xiàng)remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學(xué)的各種核心問題對20世紀(jì)的美學(xué)方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項(xiàng)Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項(xiàng)Forethoughtful“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項(xiàng)Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句，and后面實(shí)際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查語法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個(gè)問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)whereas“然而”；B選項(xiàng)wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項(xiàng)whereon“在那上面”；D選項(xiàng)wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實(shí)現(xiàn)某些公認(rèn)的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價(jià)值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象?！备鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個(gè)單詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動詞的-ing形式。選項(xiàng)C正確，選項(xiàng)D是完成時(shí)態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。

13.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項(xiàng)divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項(xiàng)dividual“分開的，獨(dú)特的”。句意：當(dāng)代美學(xué)關(guān)注的問題包括風(fēng)格的本質(zhì)及其美學(xué)意義等多方面的問題。選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

14.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；C選項(xiàng)relief“救濟(jì)，減輕，解除”；D選項(xiàng)relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當(dāng)”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學(xué)和其他形式的心理學(xué)研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

15.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”；B選項(xiàng)reasonableness“合理，妥當(dāng)”；C選項(xiàng)reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項(xiàng)reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實(shí)踐推理中的地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

12.單選題

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。geton“上車；進(jìn)展”；getoff”脫下；下車“；getover”克服“；getin”進(jìn)入；陷入“。句意：經(jīng)歷一場棘手的離婚足以讓任何人放棄婚姻。但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段緊張而復(fù)雜的分手。句中but，因而存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明男性比女性更容易從分手中振作起來。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Muchoftheworld’selectronicwasteisbeingshippedtoChinaforrecyclingandthecottageindustrythathassprunguptheretorecoverusablematerialsfromcomputers,cellphones,televisionsandothergoodsmaybecreatingsignificanthealthandenvironmentalhazards.ScientistsfromChinaandtheUnitedStateshaveidentifiednumeroustoxicelementsintheemissionsfromane-wasterecyclingworkshopinsouthernChina,whichuseslow-techmethodstoseparatereusableelectroniccomponentsfromthecircuitboards.Itisnotanisolatedcase,thescientistspointout:suchmethodsareusedalloverChina.

ResultsoftheirstudyhavebeenpublishedintheJournalAtmosphericEnvironment.

“Themostimmediateproblemisthehealthoftheworkersandthepeoplewholiveinthecity,”saidBerndR.T.Simoneit,aretiredprofessoratOregonStateUniverseandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Butthismayalsobecontributingtoglobalcontamination.Forexample,previousstudieshavefoundcarcinogens（致癌物）inwind-carrieddustfromAsia.”

Simoneitisawidelypublishedscientistwhohasbeeninvolvedinnumerousstudiesidentifyingchemical“signatures”foremissions,includingcoalsmoke,biomassburning,petroleum-basedfuelsandeventheburningofmunicipalrefuse.Byusingmassspectrometers（質(zhì)譜儀）andothersophisticatedinstrumentation,theresearcherscanpinpointthecontributionsofspecificemissionstotheatmosphere.

TheirworkinChinawasconductedinShantouCity,atownof150,000peoplelocatedinsouthernChina’sGuangdongProvince.Theycollectedsamplesduringfourworkingdays,whenworkerswereremovingtheelectroniccomponentsbyheatingthecircuitboardsovergrillsonstovesburningcoalbriquettes（煤塊）.

Theworkshophad24stovesalongthreewalls,andanestimatedfivetonsofcircuitboardsstackedalongthefourthwallforprocessing.Workerswouldusethegrillstomeltthesolder,andthenremovereusableportionsofthecircuitry.

TheresearchteamincludedfiveChinesescientistsandSimoneit,whohasdualappointmentsinOSU’sCollegeofOceanicandAtmosphericSciencesandtheDepartmentofChemistry.Theresearchersfoundthatthroughthis“roastingprocess”,numerousorganicchemicals,heavymetals,flameretardantandpersistentorganicpollutantswereemittedintotheairviathesmoke.Thechemicalsignaturecreatedbythisprocessofroastingortoastingcircuitboards“isunmistakable.”

“Thenextstepistoseetowhatextentthisisharmingtheenvironmentandcreatingahealthhazardforboththeworkers,andpeoplelivinginthepathoftheemissions—eitherthroughinhalation,orexposuretotheskin,”Simoneitsaid.“Someofthesechemicalcompoundsmaybecarcinogens;othersmaybejustasharmfulbecametheycanactas‘environmentaldisruptors’,andmayaffectbodyprocessesfromreproductiontoendocrine（內(nèi)分泌的，激素的）function.”

TheChineseauthorsofthestudyareaffiliatedwiththeChineseAcademyofSciencesandincludeleadauthorXinliuiBi,withZhenZhenWang,XinmingWang,GuoyingShengandJiamoFu.

SimoneitalsoisworkingwithscientistsinIndiatoidentifychemicalsignaturesfromtheburningofwireandothermaterials,whichisdonetorecyclecopperandotherminerals.AndheisworkinginSaudiArabiaonadifferentproblem—helpingdevelop“greenchemistry”methodsforrecyclingthatcountry’smassiveurbanwastetocreatemethane.

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