考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海民遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海民遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldnotbe

B.wouldnothavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.willnothavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。這里都是表否定意義,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：如何沒(méi)有醫(yī)生的悉心照料,我現(xiàn)在不會(huì)站在這兒和你說(shuō)話。

2.單選題

Theattorneywasanintelligentdebater;he（

）thecross-questioningoftheSupremeCourtJudgeonthecaseissueinquiry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relished

B.estimated

C.interrupted

D.dreaded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。relished玩賞，品味；estimated評(píng)估，判斷；interrupted中止，打斷；dreaded恐懼，擔(dān)心。句意：律師是一個(gè)非常有智慧的辯論者。他打斷了最高法院法官關(guān)于案件調(diào)查的盤(pán)問(wèn)。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)無(wú)疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。事實(shí)上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項(xiàng)“由數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)產(chǎn)生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱贊的，值得表?yè)P(yáng)的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)對(duì)于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開(kāi)篇就提出數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，因此可以推測(cè)主要是講述數(shù)學(xué)與科學(xué)的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預(yù)測(cè)哪一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)進(jìn)步會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，但科學(xué)卻能提高生產(chǎn)力）可知B選項(xiàng)“他堅(jiān)信數(shù)學(xué)將產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)，不符合原句表達(dá)的含義。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當(dāng)然，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)可以刺激未來(lái)的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學(xué)科并不一定是帶來(lái)變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對(duì)性的公共和私人激勵(lì)措施。在他看來(lái)，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認(rèn)為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術(shù)教育）可知選C。

4.單選題

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac（囊）,oralveolus（肺泡）,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillary（毛細(xì)血管）arebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale（吸入）,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen（氮）.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)Aboutonefifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood.(2)Analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheair.(3)Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,

（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章提到氣囊中二氧化碳過(guò)多會(huì)迫使人進(jìn)行呼吸，而不是說(shuō)它們?yōu)楹粑a(chǎn)生能力，因此選項(xiàng)A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易從血液中擴(kuò)散到氣囊中”（whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs），由此可知二氧化碳是擴(kuò)散到氣囊而不是到血液中，所有選項(xiàng)B可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話的前半部分提到“所以氧氣可以很輕易地通過(guò)氣囊壁從氣囊擴(kuò)散到血液中”（sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood），所以選項(xiàng)C“它們都是很慢地滲透到氣囊中”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，排除。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句話提到“當(dāng)血液被心臟送到肺里的時(shí)候，它是從身上其他細(xì)胞里流回來(lái)的，所以流入氣囊壁的血液帶有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空氣”（Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen），所以這個(gè)時(shí)候血液里的二氧化碳含量會(huì)增加，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到“由胸部的運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的呼吸，促進(jìn)了廢氣從氣囊中排除，為肺部帶來(lái)新鮮的空氣”（Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair），選項(xiàng)A“幫助肺部的氧氣和二氧化碳進(jìn)行交換”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“空氣是氣體混合而成,其中氮?dú)夂孔罡撸@種氣體我們?nèi)梭w不需要，所以當(dāng)我們吸氣和呼氣時(shí)這種其他的含量是不會(huì)變的”（Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout），選項(xiàng)C“與吸入時(shí)一樣”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句提到氣道和氣囊中的水分會(huì)一直蒸發(fā)直到空氣幾乎飽和的時(shí)候（Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated），選項(xiàng)B“通過(guò)水分的蒸發(fā)”符合題意。

5.單選題

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B項(xiàng)component“組成的”，C項(xiàng)competent“有能力的”，D項(xiàng)compulsive“強(qiáng)制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而又引人注目的問(wèn)題：為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢(qián)？因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（）allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽(tīng)從我們。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。Atall（否定）根本，究竟；inall總共，合計(jì)；forall盡管，雖然；沒(méi)有onall的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意“但她不肯聽(tīng)從我們”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensation“感覺(jué)，轟動(dòng)，感動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項(xiàng)fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項(xiàng)prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場(chǎng)，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

MyfirstencounterwiththeinternationalartistandartcriticFairfieldPorterwasactuallythroughthepoetryofhiswife,Anne(Channing)Porter.Whilebothgrewtobecomequitecelebratedintheircrafts,Fairfield’sstoryisunique.

Bornintoanaffluent,artisticfamilyin1907,theboywhowasonedaybecomearenownedartistandrespectedartcriticshowedacomparativelackofartisticabilitywhenseennexttohissiblings.WhilehisolderbrotherEliottooktophotography,FairfieldPorter,despitebeingremarkablyintelligent,appearedtobelackinganynaturalartistictalents.Itseemedthat,althoughamemberofafamilyfullofartists,histrueskilllayinthecritiquingofothers’artistry.ThiswasevidencedinhissecondyearatHarvardbyFarfield’sdecisiontopursuearthistoryashismajorfieldofstudy.AfterstudyingatHarvardunderArthurPopeandthentravelingbrieflythroughEurope,FairfieldcamebacktotheUnitedStatestofurtherhiseducationattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.TherehebecameacquaintedwiththefamedphotographerAlfredStieglitz—theworkofwhomissaidtohavepositivelyinfluencedFairfield’spaintingstosomedegree.

Betweentheyears1931and1932,FairfieldspentthemajorityofhistimeinItalylearningtoappreciateandcritiquetheworksofthegreatRenaissancepainters.Histrainingcamefrombothdirectstudyunderworld-famousarthistorianBernardBerenson,andfromcountlesshoursspentinmuseumsandgalleriesobservingthegreatestpiecesofItalianart.

FollowinghismarriagetoAnneuponhisreturnfromItaly,Fairfieldspentthebetterpartofthenexttwodecadesdevelopinghisskillsasapainterwhilecaringforhisautisticson.DuringthisperiodhismeetingswiththeFrenchIntimistpainterWillemDeKooningwouldprovetohaveaprofoundeffectonhislaterworks.PorterwasthefirsttopubliclyacclaimtheworkofKooning.

Infact,whatmadePortersofamouswashisknackforrespondingdirectlytoanartist’swork.Hefoundfaultwiththecommon“talkbased”criticismthatspoketoartonlyinreferencetoitspastortosomevaguetheoreticalframework;suchcriticismattemptedtoshapethefutureofartandwasfartoobiasedforPorter.HistimeasanartcriticforsuchpublicationsasArtNewsandTheNationended,however,in1961whenhedecidedtopursueafull-timepaintingcareer.

Theothersideofhisfame,hisuncommonapproachtopainting,isjustasimportanttotheunderstandingofFairfieldPorter’scontributionstotheworldofart.Hispersonalphilosophycomesfromablendingoftwoviews;artshouldbepersonal,emotional,andrepresentativeofitssubject,whileatthesametimebeboldlycolorful,expressive,andgenerallyabstract.Drawingonhisvastknowledgeofarthistory,especiallythestylesofFrenchIntimism,Porterfusedthesetwofeelingstocreateapowerful,emotivecollectionofpaintingsaboutfamilies,individuals,andthehome,aswellasmovingnaturescenessuchasTheDoortotheWoods(1971)andMaine—TowardtheHarbor(1967).

Whenhediedin1975,onamorningwalkalongtheocean,helefttheworldasoneofthemostrespectedartcriticsinthepastcentury.Ontopofthat,hisworkasapainterisstillviewedwithintheartcommunityasamazinglydistinctiveandespeciallyrepresentativeofhislife.Itissadtosaythatnow,however,somethirtyyearsafterhisdeath,heisstillvirtuallyunknownoutsideofartcircles.Thisremarkablyinsightful,articulate,creativeindividualneedstobediscoveredbythecommonmanandreveredforhiscontinuinginfluenceontheartistsoftoday.Thewordsofthisintellectualweresomeofthebestandmosthonestcritiquesofarteverspoken.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’works

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorter

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartwork

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.detachedinterest

B.amusedtolerance

C.warmappreciation

D.deepabhorrence

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.stirring

B.vivid

C.trite

D.individualistic

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawhole

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopic

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassage

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpoint

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.1.這篇文章的主要目的可以被描述為試圖______。

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’worksA.解釋波特坦率地談?wù)撍囆g(shù)家作品的著名能力

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorterB.說(shuō)明幾位著名藝術(shù)家對(duì)波特作品的影響

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartworkC.評(píng)價(jià)波特不同尋常的繪畫(huà)和評(píng)論藝術(shù)品的方法

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareerD.記錄了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他職業(yè)生涯的事件和信念

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，全文主要記錄了藝術(shù)批判家波特的一生，并且介紹了他的作品出名的原因。文章第一段引入話題，第二至四段介紹了波特的成長(zhǎng)背景以及職業(yè)生涯中的經(jīng)歷，第四段倒數(shù)第二句還提到“他與法國(guó)畫(huà)家威廉˙德˙庫(kù)寧的會(huì)面對(duì)他后來(lái)的作品產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響”；最后三段講述了波特能夠成名的原因，一是他能夠直接回應(yīng)藝術(shù)家的作品，二是他有不尋常的繪畫(huà)方式；綜上所述，可推斷這篇文章的主要目的是介紹波特的一生，尤其是記錄那些塑造他的職業(yè)生涯的那些大事件及信念。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“記錄了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他職業(yè)生涯的事件和信念”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“解釋波特坦率地談?wù)撍囆g(shù)家作品的著名能力”、B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明幾位著名藝術(shù)家對(duì)波特作品的影響”和C項(xiàng)“評(píng)價(jià)波特不同尋常的繪畫(huà)和評(píng)論藝術(shù)品的方法”表述片面，屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.2.作者對(duì)文章主題的態(tài)度可以用______來(lái)描述。

A.detachedinterestA.超然的興趣

B.amusedtoleranceB.有趣的寬容

C.warmappreciationC.熱情的欣賞

D.deepabhorrenceD.深惡痛絕

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】全文講述了波特求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，以及成名的原因，都包含作者的欣賞。由最后一段第三和第四句“然而，遺憾的是，在他去世大約30年后的今天，他在藝術(shù)界之外仍然默默無(wú)聞。這個(gè)極富洞察力、能言善辯、富有創(chuàng)造力的人需要被普通人發(fā)現(xiàn)，并因其對(duì)當(dāng)今藝術(shù)家的持續(xù)影響而受人尊敬?！笨梢钥闯?，作者對(duì)這個(gè)藝術(shù)家的態(tài)度是欣賞的，而這篇文章的主題就是這個(gè)藝術(shù)家。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“熱情的欣賞”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“超然的興趣”和B項(xiàng)“有趣的寬容”在文中并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“深惡痛絕”由解題思路可知，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?3.如文中所述，波特批評(píng)藝術(shù)的方法可以用以下哪一種陳述來(lái)總結(jié)？

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.A.波特的批評(píng)是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，并且僅僅是基于他對(duì)他正在評(píng)估的藝術(shù)品的評(píng)價(jià)。

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.B.波特批評(píng)藝術(shù)基于繪畫(huà)的背景和概念結(jié)構(gòu)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這在他的評(píng)價(jià)中最有用。

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.C.波特的批評(píng)可以與伯納德˙貝倫森的批評(píng)相媲美，貝倫森對(duì)波特的藝術(shù)觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.D.波特批評(píng)藝術(shù)的目的是通過(guò)影響藝術(shù)家的作品來(lái)幫助他們。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段前兩句“事實(shí)上，讓波特如此出名的是他直接回應(yīng)藝術(shù)家作品的技巧。他對(duì)常見(jiàn)的‘以談話為基礎(chǔ)’的批評(píng)提出了異議，這種批評(píng)只針對(duì)藝術(shù)的過(guò)去或一些模糊的理論框架；這些批評(píng)試圖塑造藝術(shù)的未來(lái)，但對(duì)波特來(lái)說(shuō)，這些批評(píng)太偏頗了?！笨芍ㄌ氐乃囆g(shù)批評(píng)方法是直接的，并且對(duì)以“談話為基礎(chǔ)”的批評(píng)提出了異議，也就是說(shuō)波特評(píng)價(jià)作品是基于藝術(shù)作品本身，而不參考作品的背景和模糊的理論。A項(xiàng)“波特的批評(píng)是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，并且僅僅是基于他對(duì)他正在評(píng)估的藝術(shù)品的評(píng)價(jià)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“波特批評(píng)藝術(shù)基于繪畫(huà)的背景和概念結(jié)構(gòu)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這在他的評(píng)價(jià)中最有用”由解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“波特的批評(píng)可以與伯納德?貝倫森的批評(píng)相媲美，貝倫森對(duì)波特的藝術(shù)觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響”與題干無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

D項(xiàng)“波特批評(píng)藝術(shù)的目的是通過(guò)影響藝術(shù)家的作品來(lái)幫助他們”在文中沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.4.波特的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格除了______以外，可以用以下所有的方式來(lái)描述。

A.stirringA.激動(dòng)人心的

B.vividB.生動(dòng)的

C.triteC.陳腐的

D.individualisticD.個(gè)人主義的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞paintingstyle定位至倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)最后兩句“他的個(gè)人哲學(xué)來(lái)自兩種觀點(diǎn)的融合；藝術(shù)應(yīng)該是個(gè)人化的、情緒化的、有代表性的，同時(shí)也應(yīng)該是豐富多彩的、有表現(xiàn)力的、抽象的。利用豐富的藝術(shù)史知識(shí)，特別是法國(guó)情感畫(huà)家的風(fēng)格，波特將這兩種感覺(jué)融合在一起，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)關(guān)于家人、個(gè)人和家庭的強(qiáng)有力的、充滿情感的繪畫(huà)集合，以及感人的自然場(chǎng)景?！笨芍?，波特的繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格是強(qiáng)有力的、充滿情感的，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于家庭、個(gè)人、家庭以及感人的自然場(chǎng)景。只有C項(xiàng)“陳腐的”不符合原文對(duì)波特繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格的描述，但符合題干。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)人心的”、B項(xiàng)“生動(dòng)的”和D項(xiàng)“個(gè)人主義的”由解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.5.沒(méi)有第一段，文章將失去______。

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawholeA.這篇文章的整體概述

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopicB.一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的介紹和到主題的過(guò)渡

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassageC.與文章相關(guān)的重要細(xì)節(jié)

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpointD.對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)背后邏輯的解釋

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段的內(nèi)容“我第一次接觸到國(guó)際藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)評(píng)論家費(fèi)爾菲爾德?波特，實(shí)際上是通過(guò)他的妻子安妮?波特的詩(shī)作。雖然兩人都在各自的行業(yè)中變得非常有名，但費(fèi)爾菲爾德的故事卻是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的?！笨芍?，第一段是作為對(duì)全文的引語(yǔ)，通過(guò)作者與波特的相遇，引出主角波特，以及接下來(lái)對(duì)波特的敘述。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的介紹和到主題的過(guò)渡”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“這篇文章的整體概述”從第一段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，該段并不是文章的總體概述，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“與文章相關(guān)的重要細(xì)節(jié)”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)背后邏輯的解釋”由解題思路可知，第一段只是作為引語(yǔ)，所以這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

9.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medical,Medicaidandtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwithbasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracywhenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofmedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheopinionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatageof65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation;andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchanged,displacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficit,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthatunderexistinglawthetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeterioratingfinancialconditionsreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

4.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

5.Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareapprovedbythegovernment

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestment

D.majorpolicychangesinthepast

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.occasions

D.people

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.identifytheauthor

B.representnewinformation

C.arequestionsofpersonalstyle

D.refertoadifferentsource

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ithasgrownto$11trillion

B.itexceedsallotherassets

C.itisadebttobepaid

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestmentC.政府投資不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的沉重債務(wù)

D.majorpolicychangesinthepastD.過(guò)去發(fā)生的重大政策變化

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財(cái)政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進(jìn)行重大改革（majorreforms）?！庇纱丝芍笪慕榻B的應(yīng)該是