考研考博-英語-上海民遠職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海民遠職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.

問題1選項

A.wouldnotbe

B.wouldnothavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.willnothavebeen

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。從句用過去完成時,主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。這里都是表否定意義,所以選項B正確。句意：如何沒有醫(yī)生的悉心照料,我現(xiàn)在不會站在這兒和你說話。

2.單選題

Theattorneywasanintelligentdebater;he（

）thecross-questioningoftheSupremeCourtJudgeonthecaseissueinquiry.

問題1選項

A.relished

B.estimated

C.interrupted

D.dreaded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。relished玩賞，品味；estimated評估，判斷；interrupted中止，打斷；dreaded恐懼，擔(dān)心。句意：律師是一個非常有智慧的辯論者。他打斷了最高法院法官關(guān)于案件調(diào)查的盤問。C項符合句意。

3.單選題

Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.Socloseistherelationshipthatpoliticiansseekingtopersuadevotersthattheyarepromotingeconomicgrowthuse"science"and"innovation"almostinterchangeably.Butlaudableasitisinitsownright,doespromotingmathsandsciencerepresentthebestwaytostimulatefutureinnovation?

ChrisBudd,anappliedmathematicianatBathUniversityinBritain,pointstothemathematicalfoundationsofthecommercialworld:theinternet,computers,mobilephones,modernmedicineandeventransportsystems.Theseemploybranchesofmathematicsthatwereconsideredobscureuntilrecentlybuthavefoundapplicationsinareassuchasbuildingsearchengines,heargues.Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.Andasgovernmentshavesoughttopromotebusiness,theyhaveencourageduniversitiestoestablishspin-offcompaniesandtobuildpartnershipswithotherfledglingorganizationsseekingtodevelopnewproductsandnewprocesses,whichhashelpedtogeneratewealth.

Thatmayallbetrue,butitisnotsufficient,saysChrisTrimble,whoco-wrote"TheOtherSideofInnovation:SolvingtheExecutionChallenge"withVijayGovindarajan,bothofwhomconductresearchintoinnovationatTuckSchoolofBusinessatDartmouthCollegeinAmerica.Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.Thereisasurfeitofbrightideasbutnotenoughwherewithaltoimplementthem.

Yettheabilitytocreatewealthnotonlydependsonusingtoolsthatwerescientificallydesigned;italsorequirespeopletothinkbothcreativelyandincold,calculatingways.TomisquoteThomasEdison,innovationis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.Timethen,mentally,torollupyoursleeves.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayknowthatmanyinnovations（

）.

2.Theworld“l(fā)audable”inPara.1probablymeant

（

）.

3.“It”inPara.1(thelastsentence)mayreferto

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaboutChrisBudd?

5.ToChrisTrimble,educationofmathsandscience（

）.

問題1選項

A.areengenderedbymathsandscience

B.bringconvenientlifetomodernpeople

C.countmostforpoliticianstogainvotes

D.leaddirectlytoworldeconomicgrowth

問題2選項

A.understandable

B.praiseworthy

C.believable

D.feasible

問題3選項

A.modernsociety

B.promotionofeconomy

C.scienceandinnovation

D.importanceofmathsandscience

問題4選項

A.HeworksinaBritishuniversityasanappliedmathematician.

B.Hefirmlybelievesthatmathematicswillgenerateneweconomicactivity.

C.Hemaythinkthatitislogicaltoexpectinnovationstocomeoutofuniversities.

D.Hearguesforthepromotionofmathsandsciencetofosterfutureinnovations.

問題5選項

A.provessufficienttostimulatefutureinnovation

B.meanslittlecomparedwithtargetedincentives

C.islessimportantthanmanagementeducation

D.servesastheunderpinningofeconomicproductivity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中Mathsandsciencecertainlyunderpinmanyinnovations.Indeed,theyarethebasisformuchofmodernsociety,fromthegadgetspeopleusetothewaysinwhichpeopleinteractwithoneanotherandthewayinwhichtheythink.（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)無疑是許多創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)。事實上，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)，從人們使用的小工具到人們相互交流和思考的方式）可知A選項“由數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)產(chǎn)生”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。understandable意為“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意為“值得稱贊的，值得表揚的”；believable意為“可信的”；feasible意為“可行的”。由Butlaudableasitisinitsownright（數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)對于創(chuàng)新很重要，盡管這值得稱贊）可知選B。

第3題:詞義題。文章第一段開篇就提出數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)支撐著很多創(chuàng)新，它們是現(xiàn)代社會的基礎(chǔ)，因此可以推測主要是講述數(shù)學(xué)與科學(xué)的重要性，故選D。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵此詞ChrisBudd定位至文章第二段，由Itisdifficulttopredictwhichnewscientificadvancewillgenerateneweconomicactivitybutscienceneverthelessboostsproductivity.（很難預(yù)測哪一項新的科學(xué)進步會產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟活動，但科學(xué)卻能提高生產(chǎn)力）可知B選項“他堅信數(shù)學(xué)將產(chǎn)生新的經(jīng)濟活動”表述過于絕對，不符合原句表達的含義。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ChrisTrimble定位至文章第三段，由Ofcoursemathsandsciencecanstimulatefutureinnovation,butpromotingthesedisciplinesisnotnecessarilythebestwayofbringingaboutchange.Hecitestargetedincentives,publicandprivatespendingand—mostimportantly,inhisview—bettermanagementasmorepowerfulalternatives.Itismanagementeducationnottechnicaleducationthatislacking,heargues.（當(dāng)然，數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)可以刺激未來的創(chuàng)新，但推廣這些學(xué)科并不一定是帶來變革的最佳方式。他列舉了有針對性的公共和私人激勵措施。在他看來，支出——最重要的是——更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他認為，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技術(shù)教育）可知選C。

4.單選題

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac（囊）,oralveolus（肺泡）,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillary（毛細血管）arebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale（吸入）,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen（氮）.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)Aboutonefifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood.(2)Analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheair.(3)Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,

（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

問題1選項

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

問題2選項

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

問題3選項

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

問題4選項

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

問題5選項

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章提到氣囊中二氧化碳過多會迫使人進行呼吸，而不是說它們?yōu)楹粑a(chǎn)生能力，因此選項A可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話的后半部分提到“二氧化碳很容易從血液中擴散到氣囊中”（whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs），由此可知二氧化碳是擴散到氣囊而不是到血液中，所有選項B可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話的前半部分提到“所以氧氣可以很輕易地通過氣囊壁從氣囊擴散到血液中”（sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood），所以選項C“它們都是很慢地滲透到氣囊中”說法錯誤，排除。因此，選項D符合題意。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段第一句話提到“當(dāng)血液被心臟送到肺里的時候，它是從身上其他細胞里流回來的，所以流入氣囊壁的血液帶有很多溶解的二氧化碳和少量的空氣”（Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen），所以這個時候血液里的二氧化碳含量會增加，選項B符合題意。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到“由胸部的運動而產(chǎn)生的呼吸，促進了廢氣從氣囊中排除，為肺部帶來新鮮的空氣”（Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperrotetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair），選項A“幫助肺部的氧氣和二氧化碳進行交換”符合題意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第四段提到“空氣是氣體混合而成,其中氮氣含量最高，這種氣體我們?nèi)梭w不需要，所以當(dāng)我們吸氣和呼氣時這種其他的含量是不會變的”（Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout），選項C“與吸入時一樣”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一句提到氣道和氣囊中的水分會一直蒸發(fā)直到空氣幾乎飽和的時候（Moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated），選項B“通過水分的蒸發(fā)”符合題意。

5.單選題

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B項component“組成的”，C項competent“有能力的”，D項compulsive“強制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個簡單而又引人注目的問題：為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢？因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

（）allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.

問題1選項

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽從我們。

考查短語辨析。Atall（否定）根本，究竟；inall總共，合計；forall盡管，雖然；沒有onall的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意“但她不肯聽從我們”可知C項正確。

7.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項sensation“感覺，轟動，感動”；B選項teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

MyfirstencounterwiththeinternationalartistandartcriticFairfieldPorterwasactuallythroughthepoetryofhiswife,Anne(Channing)Porter.Whilebothgrewtobecomequitecelebratedintheircrafts,Fairfield’sstoryisunique.

Bornintoanaffluent,artisticfamilyin1907,theboywhowasonedaybecomearenownedartistandrespectedartcriticshowedacomparativelackofartisticabilitywhenseennexttohissiblings.WhilehisolderbrotherEliottooktophotography,FairfieldPorter,despitebeingremarkablyintelligent,appearedtobelackinganynaturalartistictalents.Itseemedthat,althoughamemberofafamilyfullofartists,histrueskilllayinthecritiquingofothers’artistry.ThiswasevidencedinhissecondyearatHarvardbyFarfield’sdecisiontopursuearthistoryashismajorfieldofstudy.AfterstudyingatHarvardunderArthurPopeandthentravelingbrieflythroughEurope,FairfieldcamebacktotheUnitedStatestofurtherhiseducationattheArtStudentsLeagueinNewYorkCity.TherehebecameacquaintedwiththefamedphotographerAlfredStieglitz—theworkofwhomissaidtohavepositivelyinfluencedFairfield’spaintingstosomedegree.

Betweentheyears1931and1932,FairfieldspentthemajorityofhistimeinItalylearningtoappreciateandcritiquetheworksofthegreatRenaissancepainters.Histrainingcamefrombothdirectstudyunderworld-famousarthistorianBernardBerenson,andfromcountlesshoursspentinmuseumsandgalleriesobservingthegreatestpiecesofItalianart.

FollowinghismarriagetoAnneuponhisreturnfromItaly,Fairfieldspentthebetterpartofthenexttwodecadesdevelopinghisskillsasapainterwhilecaringforhisautisticson.DuringthisperiodhismeetingswiththeFrenchIntimistpainterWillemDeKooningwouldprovetohaveaprofoundeffectonhislaterworks.PorterwasthefirsttopubliclyacclaimtheworkofKooning.

Infact,whatmadePortersofamouswashisknackforrespondingdirectlytoanartist’swork.Hefoundfaultwiththecommon“talkbased”criticismthatspoketoartonlyinreferencetoitspastortosomevaguetheoreticalframework;suchcriticismattemptedtoshapethefutureofartandwasfartoobiasedforPorter.HistimeasanartcriticforsuchpublicationsasArtNewsandTheNationended,however,in1961whenhedecidedtopursueafull-timepaintingcareer.

Theothersideofhisfame,hisuncommonapproachtopainting,isjustasimportanttotheunderstandingofFairfieldPorter’scontributionstotheworldofart.Hispersonalphilosophycomesfromablendingoftwoviews;artshouldbepersonal,emotional,andrepresentativeofitssubject,whileatthesametimebeboldlycolorful,expressive,andgenerallyabstract.Drawingonhisvastknowledgeofarthistory,especiallythestylesofFrenchIntimism,Porterfusedthesetwofeelingstocreateapowerful,emotivecollectionofpaintingsaboutfamilies,individuals,andthehome,aswellasmovingnaturescenessuchasTheDoortotheWoods(1971)andMaine—TowardtheHarbor(1967).

Whenhediedin1975,onamorningwalkalongtheocean,helefttheworldasoneofthemostrespectedartcriticsinthepastcentury.Ontopofthat,hisworkasapainterisstillviewedwithintheartcommunityasamazinglydistinctiveandespeciallyrepresentativeofhislife.Itissadtosaythatnow,however,somethirtyyearsafterhisdeath,heisstillvirtuallyunknownoutsideofartcircles.Thisremarkablyinsightful,articulate,creativeindividualneedstobediscoveredbythecommonmanandreveredforhiscontinuinginfluenceontheartistsoftoday.Thewordsofthisintellectualweresomeofthebestandmosthonestcritiquesofarteverspoken.

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.

問題1選項

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’works

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorter

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartwork

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareer

問題2選項

A.detachedinterest

B.amusedtolerance

C.warmappreciation

D.deepabhorrence

問題3選項

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.

問題4選項

A.stirring

B.vivid

C.trite

D.individualistic

問題5選項

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawhole

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopic

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassage

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpoint

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbestbedescribedasanattemptto______.1.這篇文章的主要目的可以被描述為試圖______。

A.explainPorter’srenownedabilitytocandidlyaddressartists’worksA.解釋波特坦率地談?wù)撍囆g(shù)家作品的著名能力

B.illustratetheinfluenceseveralrenownedartistshadontheworksofPorterB.說明幾位著名藝術(shù)家對波特作品的影響

C.appraisePorter’sunusualmethodsofpaintingandcritiquingartworkC.評價波特不同尋常的繪畫和評論藝術(shù)品的方法

D.chroniclePorter’slife,particularlytheeventsandbeliefsthatshapedhiscareerD.記錄了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他職業(yè)生涯的事件和信念

【答案】D

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文可知，全文主要記錄了藝術(shù)批判家波特的一生，并且介紹了他的作品出名的原因。文章第一段引入話題，第二至四段介紹了波特的成長背景以及職業(yè)生涯中的經(jīng)歷，第四段倒數(shù)第二句還提到“他與法國畫家威廉˙德˙庫寧的會面對他后來的作品產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響”；最后三段講述了波特能夠成名的原因，一是他能夠直接回應(yīng)藝術(shù)家的作品，二是他有不尋常的繪畫方式；綜上所述，可推斷這篇文章的主要目的是介紹波特的一生，尤其是記錄那些塑造他的職業(yè)生涯的那些大事件及信念。因此，該題選擇D項“記錄了波特的一生，尤其是塑造了他職業(yè)生涯的事件和信念”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A項“解釋波特坦率地談?wù)撍囆g(shù)家作品的著名能力”、B項“說明幾位著名藝術(shù)家對波特作品的影響”和C項“評價波特不同尋常的繪畫和評論藝術(shù)品的方法”表述片面，屬于以偏概全。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthesubjectofthepassagecanbestbecharacterizedas______.2.作者對文章主題的態(tài)度可以用______來描述。

A.detachedinterestA.超然的興趣

B.amusedtoleranceB.有趣的寬容

C.warmappreciationC.熱情的欣賞

D.deepabhorrenceD.深惡痛絕

【答案】C

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】全文講述了波特求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，以及成名的原因，都包含作者的欣賞。由最后一段第三和第四句“然而，遺憾的是，在他去世大約30年后的今天，他在藝術(shù)界之外仍然默默無聞。這個極富洞察力、能言善辯、富有創(chuàng)造力的人需要被普通人發(fā)現(xiàn)，并因其對當(dāng)今藝術(shù)家的持續(xù)影響而受人尊敬?！笨梢钥闯?，作者對這個藝術(shù)家的態(tài)度是欣賞的，而這篇文章的主題就是這個藝術(shù)家。因此，該題選擇C項“熱情的欣賞”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“超然的興趣”和B項“有趣的寬容”在文中并沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有；

D項“深惡痛絕”由解題思路可知，屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Asdescribedinthepassage,Porter’smethodofcriticizingartcanbestbesummarizedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?3.如文中所述，波特批評藝術(shù)的方法可以用以下哪一種陳述來總結(jié)？

A.Porter’scriticismswerefrankandforthright,andwerebasedsolelyonhisevaluationofthepieceofartthathewasappraising.A.波特的批評是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，并且僅僅是基于他對他正在評估的藝術(shù)品的評價。

B.Portercriticizedartbasedonthecontextofthepaintingandconceptualstructuresthathefoundmostusefulinhisevaluation.B.波特批評藝術(shù)基于繪畫的背景和概念結(jié)構(gòu)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這在他的評價中最有用。

C.Porter’scritiqueswerecomparabletothoseofBernardBerenson,whogreatlyinfluencedPorter’soutlookonart.C.波特的批評可以與伯納德˙貝倫森的批評相媲美，貝倫森對波特的藝術(shù)觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。

D.Portertargetedhiscriticismsathelpingartistsbyattemptingtoinfluencetheirforthcomingworks.D.波特批評藝術(shù)的目的是通過影響藝術(shù)家的作品來幫助他們。

【答案】A

【考查點】細節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段前兩句“事實上，讓波特如此出名的是他直接回應(yīng)藝術(shù)家作品的技巧。他對常見的‘以談話為基礎(chǔ)’的批評提出了異議，這種批評只針對藝術(shù)的過去或一些模糊的理論框架；這些批評試圖塑造藝術(shù)的未來，但對波特來說，這些批評太偏頗了?！笨芍ㄌ氐乃囆g(shù)批評方法是直接的，并且對以“談話為基礎(chǔ)”的批評提出了異議，也就是說波特評價作品是基于藝術(shù)作品本身，而不參考作品的背景和模糊的理論。A項“波特的批評是直截了當(dāng)?shù)?，并且僅僅是基于他對他正在評估的藝術(shù)品的評價”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“波特批評藝術(shù)基于繪畫的背景和概念結(jié)構(gòu)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這在他的評價中最有用”由解題思路可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“波特的批評可以與伯納德?貝倫森的批評相媲美，貝倫森對波特的藝術(shù)觀產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響”與題干無關(guān)，屬于出處錯位；

D項“波特批評藝術(shù)的目的是通過影響藝術(shù)家的作品來幫助他們”在文中沒有提及，無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Porter’spaintingstylecanbedescribedbyallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.4.波特的繪畫風(fēng)格除了______以外，可以用以下所有的方式來描述。

A.stirringA.激動人心的

B.vividB.生動的

C.triteC.陳腐的

D.individualisticD.個人主義的

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞paintingstyle定位至倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)最后兩句“他的個人哲學(xué)來自兩種觀點的融合；藝術(shù)應(yīng)該是個人化的、情緒化的、有代表性的，同時也應(yīng)該是豐富多彩的、有表現(xiàn)力的、抽象的。利用豐富的藝術(shù)史知識，特別是法國情感畫家的風(fēng)格，波特將這兩種感覺融合在一起，創(chuàng)造了一個關(guān)于家人、個人和家庭的強有力的、充滿情感的繪畫集合，以及感人的自然場景?！笨芍ㄌ氐睦L畫風(fēng)格是強有力的、充滿情感的，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于家庭、個人、家庭以及感人的自然場景。只有C項“陳腐的”不符合原文對波特繪畫風(fēng)格的描述，但符合題干。因此，該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】A項“激動人心的”、B項“生動的”和D項“個人主義的”由解題思路可知，這三項符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Withoutthefirstparagraph,thepassagewouldlose______.5.沒有第一段，文章將失去______。

A.anoverviewofthepassageasawholeA.這篇文章的整體概述

B.abriefintroductionandtransitionintothetopicB.一個簡短的介紹和到主題的過渡

C.importantdetailthatlaterbecomesrelevanttothepassageC.與文章相關(guān)的重要細節(jié)

D.anexplanationofthelogicbehindtheauthor’sviewpointD.對作者觀點背后邏輯的解釋

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段的內(nèi)容“我第一次接觸到國際藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)評論家費爾菲爾德?波特，實際上是通過他的妻子安妮?波特的詩作。雖然兩人都在各自的行業(yè)中變得非常有名，但費爾菲爾德的故事卻是獨一無二的。”可知，第一段是作為對全文的引語，通過作者與波特的相遇，引出主角波特，以及接下來對波特的敘述。因此，該題選擇B項“一個簡短的介紹和到主題的過渡”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“這篇文章的整體概述”從第一段的內(nèi)容來看，該段并不是文章的總體概述，該項屬于曲解原文；

C項“與文章相關(guān)的重要細節(jié)”和D項“對作者觀點背后邏輯的解釋”由解題思路可知，第一段只是作為引語，所以這兩項屬于曲解原文。

9.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medical,Medicaidandtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwithbasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracywhenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofmedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheopinionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatageof65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation;andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchanged,displacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficit,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthatunderexistinglawthetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeterioratingfinancialconditionsreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

4.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

5.Ratherthanwealth,thismagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問題1選項

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareapprovedbythegovernment

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestment

D.majorpolicychangesinthepast

問題2選項

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.occasions

D.people

問題3選項

A.identifytheauthor

B.representnewinformation

C.arequestionsofpersonalstyle

D.refertoadifferentsource

問題4選項

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

C.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

D.wastodifferentiateprivatefinancialwealth

問題5選項

A.ithasgrownto$11trillion

B.itexceedsallotherassets

C.itisadebttobepaid

D.itgrowsrapidlythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財務(wù)狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會保障退休計劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會保障退休計劃中的福利改革

C.government’sheavydebtsbecauseofinappropriateinvestmentC.政府投資不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的沉重債務(wù)

D.majorpolicychangesinthepastD.過去發(fā)生的重大政策變化

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第一段第四句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進行重大改革（majorreforms）?！庇纱丝芍?，后文介紹的應(yīng)該是