考研考博-英語-安徽林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽林業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

人類社會滄桑巨變，國際舞臺風(fēng)云變幻。聯(lián)合國經(jīng)歷了種種考驗，走過了不平凡的歷程。盡管地區(qū)動蕩和局部沖突時有發(fā)生，但是各國更加重視以談判解決爭端。

【答案】Withthetremendouschangesofhumansocietyandtheinternationalrelations,theUnitedNationshavealsoexperiencedextraordinaryprocessaftersundrytests.Althoughconstantregionalchaosstillexist,oftenconflicted,countriespaymoreattentiontoresolvedisputesthroughnegotiations.

2.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項refresh“振作，恢復(fù)活力”；B選項restore“恢復(fù)，修復(fù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)恢復(fù)原貌；C選項renovate“更新，修復(fù)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整修一新；D選項renew“使更新，使修復(fù)”。句意：為了使大教堂恢復(fù)昔日的輝煌，進(jìn)行了大量的工作。由選項意思和句意可知，B選項符合句意。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Oneadvantageofmostpaidworkandofsomeunpaidwordisthatitgiveschancesofsuccessandopportunitiesforambition.Inmostworksuccessismeasuredbyincomeandwhileourcapitalisticsocietycontinues,thisisinevitable.Itisonlywherethebestworkisconcernedthatthismeasureceasestobethenaturaltoapply.Thedesirethatmenfeeltoincreasetheirincomeisquiteasmuchadesireforsuccessasforextracomfortsthatahigherincomecanprovide.Howeverdullworkmaybe,itbecomesbearableifitisameansofbuildingupareputation,whetherintheworldatlargeoronlyinone'sowncircle.Inthisrespectthosewomenwhoselivesareoccupiedwithhouseworkaremuchlessfortunatethanmen,orthanwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome.Thedomesticatedwifedoesnotreceivewages,hasnomeansofbetteringherself,andisvaluedbyherhusbandnotforherhouseworkbutforotherqualities.

Ofcourse,thisdoesnotapplytothosewomenwhoaresufficientlywell-to-dotomakebeautifulhousesandbeautifulgardensandbecometheenvyoftheirneighbors;butsuchwomenarecomparativelyfew,andforthegreatmajorityhouseworkcannotbringasmuchassatisfactionasworkofotherkindsbringstomenandtoprofessionalwomen.

【答案】多數(shù)有報酬的工作和少數(shù)沒報酬的工作有一個優(yōu)勢，那就是它們提供了成功的機(jī)會和實現(xiàn)抱負(fù)的可能。收入是大多數(shù)工作好壞的一個判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)我們這個資本主義社會繼續(xù)存在時，這是不可避免的。只有在工作最好的情況下，收入才不會被當(dāng)作理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)。人們想增加收入是出自于錢多了可以獲得更多舒適享受這一愿望，但同樣也是出于想取得成功這一欲望。無論工作有多無聊，只要它能讓人獲得更多的聲望，無論是在大范圍的世界出名還是在自己的小圈子有名氣，都是可以忍受的。在這方面來說，那些家庭主婦沒有在外的男人或者在外工作的女人幸運(yùn)。這些家庭主婦沒有收入，無法改善自己的情況。丈夫欣賞的不是她干的家務(wù)活，而是其他品質(zhì)。

當(dāng)然，對那些有足夠的錢把住宅和花園都搞得十分漂亮并且成為鄰居們羨慕的對象的女人來說，情況不一樣。但是這樣的女人很少。對于大多數(shù)婦女，家務(wù)帶給她們的滿足遠(yuǎn)不如其他工作帶給男子或職業(yè)婦女的滿足。

4.填空題

deed

continue

keep

consistent

evade

greet

barrier

when

collaborative

share

earn

belief

partourselves

but

Inmanyways,trustisthegluethatholdsustogether,inturnmakingourinteractionsworkmoresmoothly.WebuyandsellthingstootherpeopleviaeBayandthetransactionisbasedontrust.Wegetintootherpeople’scarswithaservicelikeUberorletstrangersstayinourhomeswithAirbnb,andthatrequirestakingabigleapoffaith.Weprovideverypersonaldataabout（1）tocompanieslikeFitbitorAppleandtrustthattheywill（2）thedatasafeandsecure.Weworkin（3）teamsinourofficesandtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.Almosteverytimeweinteractwithoneanotheritcomeswithacertainamountof（4）thatthepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.Buttrustis（5）throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe（6）oftheveryDNAofacompany.Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby（7）,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront,thefactoryfloor,andthepersonwho（8）staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.

Oneofthebiggest（9）tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.Nodoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness（10）therearewaysacompanycanbeclearaboutitspracticeswithoutrevealingconfidentialinformation.Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto（11）atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.Transparencyisparticularlyimportant（12）thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct（13）toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto（14）payingtax.Thispatternofbehaviorcontinuestoerodetrust,andrebuildingitbecomesmoredifficultovertime.Peopleneedtoseerealand（15）actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficenceandoversightareactuallyheldtoaccountandthatbusinesspracticesactuallychangeasaresult.Eventhen,itwilltaketimeandconcertedefforttorebuildthetrustlostbyrecklessactioninthepast.

【答案】1.ourselves

2.keep

3.collaborative

4.belief

5.earned

6.part

7.deed

8.greets

9.barriers

10.but

11.share

12.when

13.hascontinued

14.evade

15.consistent

【解析】1.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前“Weprovideverypersonaldata…”，我們提供非常私人的信息，可判斷出這些信息是與我們自己相關(guān)的。所以單詞“ourselves我們自己”符合文意。

2.上下文理解。上文提到我們把一些非常私人的信息給一些公司，所以是相信這些公司會使數(shù)據(jù)保持安全可靠。單詞“keep保持”符合文意。

3.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后“…andtrustthatourcolleagueswillpulltheirweightanddogoodwork.”，可知我們相信我們的同事會盡心盡力地工作，這是基于上文提到的各團(tuán)隊的互相協(xié)作。單詞“collaborative協(xié)作的”符合文意。

4.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…thepeopleorbusinesseswedealwitharetrustworthy.”，我們與之打交道的企業(yè)和個人都是值得信賴的，可知上文要表達(dá)的意思為“幾乎每次我們和別人交流時，都要帶著一定的信任?！眴卧~“belief信任”符合文意。

5.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格后文“…throughhardworkandactions,notsimplygoodintentions.”，可知信任是通過努力工作和行動而不是僅僅憑好意而獲得的。單詞“earned贏得，獲得”符合文意。

6.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Demonstratingtrustworthinesshastobe…oftheveryDNAofacompany.”，可知證明自己具有可信度是一家公司基因的必須部分。單詞“part部分”符合文意。

7.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Itmustbeprovennotonlybywordbutalsoby…,fromtheboardroomandexecutiveteamthroughtotheshopfront”，可知可信賴度不僅僅通過言詞來證明，還是通過董事會、管理團(tuán)隊和店面等的實際行動來證明的。單詞“deed行動”符合文意。

8.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“…andthepersonwho…staffandclientsastheywalkthroughthedoors.”，可知這里指的是當(dāng)員工和顧客走過門時歡迎他們的人。單詞“greet”符合文意。根據(jù)先行詞person為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)填入“greets歡迎”。

9.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Oneofthebiggest…tobuildingtrustissecrecyordissembling.”，可知保密和掩蓋是建立信任度最大的障礙之一。單詞“barrier”符合文意，又因為障礙不止一個，故填入復(fù)數(shù)形式“barriers障礙”。

10.上下文理解?？崭袂啊癗odoubt,somethingsmustbekeptconfidentialinbusiness…”，毫無疑問，在商業(yè)中有些事情必須保密……空格后繼續(xù)提到有一些方法可以讓公司在不泄露機(jī)密信息的情況下清楚地說出自己的做法。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。單詞“but但是”符合題意。

11.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Ifyouwantpeopletotrustyouoryourcompany,youmustbewillingto…atleastsomeoftheinformationthatfeedsintothedecisionsyouaremaking.”，可知如果你想要人們信任你或者你的公司，你必須至少愿意分享一些你做決定的信息。單詞“share分享”符合文意。

12.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Transparencyisparticularlyimportant…thereisaneedtorebuildtrust.”，可知當(dāng)需要重新建立起信任的時候，透明度顯得尤其重要。單詞“when當(dāng)……時候”符合文意。

13.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Forexample,thebankingsectorhasrecentlymadebigstatementsaboutimpendingreform,buttheirconduct…toruncountertothemanypromisesthatweremade.”，可知銀行業(yè)最近就即將進(jìn)行的改革發(fā)表了重要聲明，但他們持續(xù)實施的行為違背了他們的承諾。單詞“continue繼續(xù)，持續(xù)”符合文意，又根據(jù)上文“hasrecentlymade”可判斷這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故填入“hascontinued”。

14.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Mostrecentlywe’veseenthebankhittingtheheadlinesforallegedlyaidingitsclientsto…payingtax.”，可知最近，我們看到這家銀行因涉嫌幫助客戶逃稅而登上新聞頭條。單詞“evade逃避，逃脫”符合文意。

15.上下文理解。根據(jù)空格前后文“Peopleneedtoseerealand…actionandknowthatthepeoplewhoareresponsibleformaleficence…”人們需要看到真實并且始終如一的行動并且知道是誰該為一些罪行負(fù)責(zé)。單詞“consistent始終如一的”符合文意。

5.翻譯題

PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Inindustrializedcountries,machinesaccomplishtheverytiringphysicalworkthatunskilledlaborersusedtodoinbothmanufacturingandagriculture.

Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarblebutstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.

Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheyhavetolive.

Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.

Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.

Electricpowerwastooimportanttohumanbeings.Shuttingitoffforevenashorttimewouldhavelettocompleteconfusion.

Successfulparentingbeginsbycommunicatingtochildrenthattheybelong,andarelovedfornootherreasonthanjustbecausetheyexist.

Withoutahealthyself-esteemtheymaycopebyactingoutproblemsratherthantalkingthemoutorbywithdrawingandremainingindifferenttowardthemselvesandothers.

Evidenceofthemoderationofthemajorpartiesisthatmuchbusinessisconductedacrosspartylines.

Ithasbeenfoundthatday-dreamingimprovesaperson’sabilitytobebetteradaptedtopractical,immediateconcerns,tosolveeverydayproblems,andtocomeupmorereadilywithnewideas.

【答案】在工業(yè)化國家，機(jī)器完成相當(dāng)繁重的體力活，即非技術(shù)工人曾經(jīng)在制造業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)所做的工作。

設(shè)想一下地球縮小到玻璃彈子的大小，但仍然有同樣的質(zhì)量和重力，你就能對黑洞的力量有所了解了。

重要的是，在對與我們不同的人以及他們所過的生活有足夠的了解之前，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)避免先入為主。

準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定，當(dāng)病人承受著極大的痛苦，沒有治愈的可能，并且再三要求的情況下才能服用安樂死。

力爭在其他方而有所突破的工程技術(shù)人員正在設(shè)計和試驗新型金屬手臂和手指，使機(jī)器人具有觸覺。

電力對人類非常重要。短時間的電源切斷都可能導(dǎo)致整體混亂。

成功的育兒之道源于讓孩子知道，他們屬于這個家庭，他們被寵愛,不因為別的，只因為他們自身的存在。

由于沒有健康的自尊心，他們在處理問題時，不是提出問題，而是用行動把問題表現(xiàn)出來，或是退縮以及采取對自己和他人保持冷漠的態(tài)度。

主要政黨采取溫和的政策,證據(jù)是許多事務(wù)都是超越黨派界限進(jìn)行的。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，做白日夢能提高一個人的能力，使其能更好地適應(yīng)實踐性和緊急性的事務(wù)，來解決日常問題，并且能更快想出新的辦法。

6.單選題

Developingapeaceful,understanding,andsupportiverelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisnotaneasytask.Failurescananddooccuratanyagelevel,andattimestheresultsarctheabuse,neglect,andevendeathofchildren.

Childabusehasbecomeamajortopicinchilddevelopmentandanissueofmuchnationalconcern.Inthespanoffourlegislativeyears,1963-1967,allfiftystatesenactedlawscallingforthereportingofinjuriesinflictedonchildren.By1973,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheChildAbusePreventionandTreatmentAct(PublicLaw93-247).Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.

Thequestion"whatcauseschildabuse?"haspromptedmuchdebate.ThesinglemostpersistentmythwhichhadplaguedeffortstounderstandcausesisthenotionthatparentswhoabusechildrenarementallydisturbedorilkAlthoughthereisnospecificpsychiatricdiagnosiswhichcomprisesthebehaviorandpersonalitiesofabuser,theyseemtoshareacommonstyleofchildrearing.Thoseparentsdemandhighlevelsofchildperformanceandtheyoftenuseseverephysicalpunishmenttoensurethechild'sproperbehavior.Abusiveparentsthemselveswereraisedinsimilarfamilysituationsandtheirownchildhoodexperiencehasalastinginfluenceontheirbehaviorasadults.

Currentresearchhassuggested,however,thatthe"abuserissick"hypothesisistoolimiteD.Abroadersocial,psychologicalapproachrecognizesthatsomepersonalproblemsareimplicitbutthatpsychologicalfactorsariseoutofasocialcontext.Socialfactorsincludeunemployment,socialisolation,andunwantedpregnancy.Moreover,findingsthatabuseoccursmorefrequentlyinlargerfamiliesandfamilieswithlowincome,pooreducation,andlowoccupationalstatussuggestthatmanysuchparentscannotwithstandthetwenty-four-hour-a-dayresponsibilitytoraiseandcarefortheirchildren.Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.

1.Thisselectionsuggeststhatchildabuseis（）.

2.Wecanknowfromthesecondparagraphthatthelawpassedby1973（）.

3.Thepersonwhoisleastlikelytobeachild-abusingparentistheonewho（）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostprobablyacauseofchildabuse?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項

A.agrowingproblemwhosecausesarenotfullyunderstood

B.causedprimarilybythementalillnessofparents

C.aproblemintheUnitedStates,butagreateroneinEurope

D.easilydeterminedbecauseofrecentpubliclaws

問題2選項

A.receivedlittleattentionfromthepublic

B.wascondemnedbyabusiveparents

C.wasaimedtoexpandwelfareprogramsoftheUnitedSlates

D.helpedmuchinclarifyingtheproblem

問題3選項

A.wasraisedinabusivefamilysituationshimself

B.createsapeacefulandsupportivefamilyenvironmentforhischildren

C.isunemployedorsociallyisolated

D.ismentallyill

問題4選項

A.Toohighanincomeoftheparents

B.Unemploymentoftheparents

C.Poorhealthofthechild

D.Peculiarpersonalitiesofthechild

問題5選項

A.ViolenceonTVmaycontributetochildabuse.

B.Medicaldoctorsarelargelytoblameforunreportedcasesofchildabuse.

C.Themediashouldnotdescribethedetailsofchildabusecases.

D.Violenceinoursocietyisacceptableunlesschildrenarevictims.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章首先提出虐待兒童的這個問題變得日益嚴(yán)重，但后面兩段就其原因進(jìn)行分析，沒有給出一個確切的答案，所以選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.”這項法律不僅反映了有關(guān)公民的情緒，而且為消除關(guān)于什么是虐待兒童而產(chǎn)生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是說，幫忙澄清了什么是虐待兒童的問題，所以選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，虐待兒童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭環(huán)境中長大，所以才會有虐待兒童的行為，首先排除選項A和D；根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，社會因素包括失業(yè)、社會孤立等也有可能導(dǎo)致父母有虐待兒童的傾向，所以選項C也不正確；選項B為孩子創(chuàng)造一個和平和支持的家庭環(huán)境的父母是最不可能虐待兒童的。選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)上一題可知，選項中最容易造成兒童虐待的應(yīng)該是失業(yè)的父母，所以選項B正確。

5.選項A中的影視暴力在文中沒有提及；選項B沒有報道出來的兒童虐待案和醫(yī)生沒什么關(guān)系，所以錯誤；選項C在文中沒有涉及；根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.”這些問題加劇了局勢，特別是在我們的暴力文化中普遍贊同暴力的情況下。由此可推斷，暴力是可以被接受，只要不發(fā)生在孩子們身上，所以選項D符合原文。

7.翻譯題

這些讀者既“溫故”，讀文史，了解過去；又“知新”，愛科學(xué)、展望未來。他們愿意從各種各樣的書籍中探索找尋生活的樂趣、人生的樂趣、思維的樂趣和智慧的樂趣。他們看市井風(fēng)俗、社會百態(tài)，看多彩人生和豐富感情。他們生活在現(xiàn)在，同時也生活在過去和未來，他們最大限度地體會讀書帶來的追求智慧的樂趣。正如王小波說的：“智慧本身就是好的。有一天我們都會死去，追求智慧的道路還會有人在走著。死掉以后的事我看不到，但在我活著的時候，想到這件事，心里就高興。”

【答案】Thesereadersreadhistorytoknowthepastandsciencetolookintothefuture.Theyliketoexplorelife,waysofthinkingandwisdomfromtheirreading.Theyseecustomsandcolorfulsocietyandpeople’semotions.Theyleadalifeofthepastandthefutureaswellasthepresent.Theyenjoyreadingtothemaximuminwhichtheybecomewise.AsWangXiaoboputsit,Wisdomisitselfbeautiful.Wewilldiesomedayandotherswillmarchontosearchit.Icannotseethethingsintheotherworld,butIfeelhappyinthisworldwheneverIthinkofitinmylife.

8.單選題

Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketwhich

A

B

C

dealersinbills,notesandotherformsofshort-termcreditcanbuyandsell.

D

問題1選項

A.ofitsown

B.somekind

C.which

D.short-termcredit

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。原句應(yīng)為dealerscanbuyandsellin，需要將介詞in提前，由“in+which”引導(dǎo)定語從句。

試題答案：C;inwhich

9.單選題

Asaresultofthestrike,theGovernmentisurgingpeopletobe（）withelectricity.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.economical

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”；B選項economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)儉的”；C選項economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)約”；D選項economics“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”。根據(jù)句意“由于罷工，政府正在敦促人們節(jié)約用電?！眀eeconomicalwith意為“節(jié)約使用某物”。選項B正確。

10.單選題

Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition.

Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludesforseriousstudyothersocietiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulationofmatingandreproductionisassignificantasourown,thoughitmaybethatoftheSeaDyaks,andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologists,ourcustomsandthoseofNewGuineatribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfordealingwithcommonproblems,andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother.Heisinterestedinhumanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,butasithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals.

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology（）.

2.Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreaturesinthelivingworld

B.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditions

C.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnature

D.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures

問題2選項

A.mustnotstudyhisownculture

B.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysociety

C.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistoricallyrelatedtoeachother

D.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietiesthathavenohistoricalrelationshiptoeachother

問題3選項

A.tobecriticalofcustom

B.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychology

C.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceandbelief

D.todrawourintentiontotheimportanceofcustom

問題4選項

A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayinwhichpeopleexpressthemselves.

B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesarecarriedonwithoutanychange.

C.Theanthropologist'sprofessionalinterestisaswideasthevarietyofcustoms.

D.Theanthropologististoexploresocialrelationsofdifferentpeople.

問題5選項

A.HumanBehavior.

B.CreatureofSociety.

C.TheScienceofCustom.

D.TheFunctionsofCultures.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition(它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工業(yè)技術(shù)、傳統(tǒng)和價值觀上，它們使一個社區(qū)區(qū)別于從屬于不同傳統(tǒng)的其他社會),即人類學(xué)能體現(xiàn)從屬于不同傳統(tǒng)的社會之間的不同,因此B項“揭示傳統(tǒng)的巨大多樣性”正確。

2.判斷推理題。A項中“mustnot”和D項中“only”表述過于絕對,故排除。B:不應(yīng)該對任何社會存在偏見,第二段指出:...andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother(只要他還作為一位人類學(xué)家，他就一定會避免厚此薄彼，對任何文化存在偏見),因此B與原文所述相符。C:應(yīng)關(guān)注歷史上相互關(guān)聯(lián)的社會,第二段指出:Foritspurposes,anysocialregulation...andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization(就其目的而言，任何社會規(guī)則……都與我們文化中的社會規(guī)則不可能有歷史聯(lián)系),因此C與原文不符。故選B。

3.作者意圖題。題干為:在第三段,作者打算…?第三段開始指出:Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment(當(dāng)前，習(xí)俗并沒有被看作是一門重要的學(xué)科),隨后強(qiáng)調(diào)了Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround(事實正好相反)。而后談及了習(xí)俗的作用和多樣性。因此作者第三段談及的是習(xí)俗的重要性和地位。故選D。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals(他感興趣的是在各種文化中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的浩瀚的習(xí)俗范圍，他的目標(biāo)就是弄懂這些文化變化和相互區(qū)別的方式，搞清楚它們表達(dá)自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一個民族的習(xí)俗在某一特定文化中的個人生活中的作用方式),故選C“人類學(xué)家的專業(yè)范疇與習(xí)俗的豐富性一樣廣泛”。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了人類學(xué)的研究范圍、對象和目標(biāo)。通篇都在介紹人類學(xué)所研究的重點是人類的習(xí)俗，以及后文重點介紹了習(xí)俗的重要性和地位。故C項“習(xí)俗的科學(xué)”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

11.單選題

TheCopperheadisavenomousserpent,foundasfarnorthastheBlueHillsinMassachusetts,and________bitehasproveddangeroustohikersandjoggers.

問題1選項

A.who

B.whom

C.its

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查物主代詞和從句連詞。分析題干，兩個句子都不缺主要成分的，所以空格前應(yīng)填一個形容詞或者副詞來修飾bite，結(jié)合選項，答案應(yīng)該選C。干擾項D是錯誤的，如果填whose就是把后面看成了一個從句，但是兩個句子是and，填whose會造成從句沒有先行詞。

12.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant（）ofAmericanlife.

問題1選項

A.facets

B.formats

C.formulas

D.fashions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項facets“方面”；B選項formats“構(gòu)成”；C選項formulas“方案”；D選項fashions“風(fēng)尚”。句意：這本書是關(guān)于這些基本信念和價值觀如何影響美國生活的重要方面。本句表示美國生活的重要方面。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

問題1選項

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

問題2選項

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

問題3選項

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

問題4選項

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

問題5選項

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或許最重要的原因是，這個問題一直以來都帶有濃厚的政治色彩。由此可知B選項involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把歷史偏見放在一邊，采取一些措施來解決我們迫切的住房需求。由此可知C選項sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏見符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部長唐福斯特暗示，財政大臣喬治奧斯本可能會對地方政府現(xiàn)有的住房債務(wù)上限引入更多的靈活性。由此可知A選項allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允許政府增加住房債務(wù)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部長們還應(yīng)著眼于在租賃環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造更大的確定性，這將對已注冊供應(yīng)商從收入中為新開發(fā)項目提供資金的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可知C選項正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”盡管這些措施在短期內(nèi)會受到歡迎，但我們必須正視這樣一個事實：將于2015年到期的、為新保障性住房提供資金的現(xiàn)有45億英鎊資助計劃，不太可能在2015年之后延長。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我們需要適應(yīng)這個正在變化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府將不會提供大規(guī)模撥款，由此可知D選項正確。

14.單選題

Becauseofhis（

）,hewasdischargedfromhispositionasfamilychauffer.

問題1選項

A.inebriety

B.sophist

C.stratum

D.fresco

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。inebriety“醉癖”；sophist“詭辯家；學(xué)者”；stratum“社會階層”；fresco“壁畫”。句意：由于他經(jīng)常醉酒，他不允許進(jìn)入廚房。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.

問題1選項

A.respectful

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項respectful“恭敬的”，指尊敬他人；B選項respective“分別的”，指各自分別的；C選項respected“受尊敬的”，指受到別人尊敬；D選項respectable“值得尊敬的”，指值得別人尊敬，有好名聲。句意：在公共場所亂扔垃圾被認(rèn)為是值得尊敬的。本句表示亂扔垃圾不值得別人尊敬。因此D選項正確。

16.寫作題

Therearealotofchoicesyouhavetomakeinyourlifeandsomeeventsorchangesthathaveoccurredbecauseofthem.Inthefollowingyouarerequestedtowriteacompositionaboutoneofthechoicesyouhavemade.Describehowyourlifechangedbecauseofthechoiceandthendescribehowitmighthavebeenormightbeifyouhavedonethingsdiffere