考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthiscountryitisagainstthe（）nottowearseatbeltsinacar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rule

B.regulation

C.law

D.order

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)rule“規(guī)則”；B選項(xiàng)regulation“管理，校準(zhǔn)”；C選項(xiàng)law“法律”；D選項(xiàng)order“指示，命令”。句意：在這個(gè)國(guó)家，在汽車?yán)锊幌蛋踩珟莀____的。這里考查固定搭配againstthelaw“違反法律”，句子表達(dá)的意思是，不系安全帶在這個(gè)國(guó)家是違法的，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

InEngland,alongastretchofthenorth-eastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtothemouthoftheriverTees,therewasaspot,typicalofmanyonthatcoast,wheresea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly.Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliantlikeparticlesofcrushedjet;itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,dirtylumpsputontothefire.Althoughitwascoal,itwasperfectlycleananditwassilentlydepositedathightideinaglitteringcarpetakilometerlongforthecoalcommunitytogatherup.

Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.Sackswereessentialtoputthecoalin,andstringtotietheneckofeachsackwhenitwasfull.Awoodenrakewasusedtoscrapethecoalfromthebeach,anditwasgenerallymadefromanoldbroomhandlewithaflatpieceofwoodnailedonataslightrecliningangleattheend.Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.Aflat,broadshovel,tolifttherakedcoalintothebags,completedtheportablehardware.

Butthemostcrucialitemofequipmentwasabicycle,aspecialkindofrustystripped-downmodelwhichwasthesymbolofthesea-coalingcraft.Alady'sbikewasnogoodbecauseitlackedacrossbarandthatwasanessentialelementintransportingsea-coal.Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.Thebeautyofthiswasthatitnotonlyenabledonetomovethesea-coalfromplacetoplace,butthepressureofthemetalbarsagainstthefull,wetsacksforcedexcesswateroutofthecoalwhileitwasbeingwheeledhome.Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwaterthathadbeenforcedfromeachendofatrailofcoalsacks.

1.Theattractionofcollectingsea-coalwasthatit

（

）.

2.Thereasoncertainequipmentwasusedwasbecause（

）.

3.Toremovethecoalfromthebeach,thechildrenhadto

（

）.

4.Tocarrythreesacksofcoalonabicycleitwasnecessaryto

（

）.

5.Youcouldseewherethecoalhadbeentransportedfromthebeachbythe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.burntbetteronthefire

B.wasfreelyavailable

C.wascleanandfine-grained

D.madenonoisewhileburning

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepeoplewereverytraditional

B.fewcommunitiespossessedit

C.itwasshowntobepractical

D.thecommunitieshadcurioushabits

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.bendovertousetherakes

B.usepiecesofboardatrecliningangles

C.crouchdownwithfiatshovels

D.sittousebroadpiecesofwood

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lodgeoneofthemonthesaddle

B.balancethemonthecrossbar

C.balancetwoonthecrossbar

D.puttwothroughtheframework

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.wetmarksontheroad

B.tracksinthesand

C.wheelmarksonthepath

D.twintrailsofwater

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...sea-coalcollectedrichlyandeffortlessly”可知選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.”可知選項(xiàng)B明顯錯(cuò)誤；人們用這些設(shè)備的原因并不是因?yàn)樗麄兒軅鹘y(tǒng)或者有奇怪的習(xí)慣，而是因?yàn)檫@些設(shè)備很實(shí)用。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分“...Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand,whichchildrenandotherworkersofadditionalservicecroucheddowntouse.”除了耙子，唯一的選擇就是手里拿著一塊平板，孩子們和其他需要額外服務(wù)的工人可以蹲下來(lái)使用。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.”一個(gè)裝滿東西的袋子可以掛在男子自行車的三角形支架上，另一個(gè)袋子可以掛在橫梁上，有時(shí)甚至可以在上面放上第三個(gè)袋子。由此推斷，要想放三個(gè)袋子，需要保持其他兩個(gè)袋子的平衡。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnailtrackofwater...”天氣好的時(shí)候，通往海灘的道路通常是兩條蜿蜒的水道...。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句謂語(yǔ)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反。從句部分是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，省略了if，由于句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是thedayaftertomorrow，所以從句動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。應(yīng)為should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形。句意：如果他們?cè)谖覀兒筇斐霭l(fā)之前到達(dá)的話，我們可以有一頓豐盛的晚宴。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Investigatorsofmonkey’ssocialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkey’saggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkey’ssocialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,and,ingeneral,attimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholding,offoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintergroupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinteranimalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevermoreseriousaggression.Whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorder,inthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkey’sbehavior?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkey’ssocialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause________.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators1theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

D.examiningtheeffectsofcompetitiononmonkey’ssocialbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

B.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-termaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

C.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

D.Fooddeprivationdecreasestheintensitybutnotthefrequencyofaggressiveincidentsamongmonkeys.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysarepotentiallyaggressive,yettheyliveinsocialunitsthatcouldnotfunctionwithoutcontroloftheiraggressiveimpulses

D.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanother

D.preventaggressivecompetitionforincentivesbetweenthatgroupandanother

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.本文作者主要關(guān)注的是________。

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehaviorA.提出了改變猴子社會(huì)行為的新方法

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeysB.比較幾種研究猴子攻擊性的方法

C.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators1theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeysC.討論研究人員關(guān)于猴子間攻擊性的理論的發(fā)展

D.examiningtheeffectsofcompetitiononmonkey’ssocialbehaviorD.考查競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)猴子社會(huì)行為的影響

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一段講述研究人員對(duì)猴子間的攻擊性很感興趣（struckbymonkey’saggressivepotential），并且展開(kāi)調(diào)查（firstinvestigations）；第二段講述研究人員最初的觀點(diǎn)（Investigatorsinitiallybelieved），這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中（experimentslikeSouthwick’s）受到質(zhì)疑（doubted）；第三段講述對(duì)野生動(dòng)物和靈長(zhǎng)類群體攻擊性的研究（Studies）和得到的證據(jù)（evidence）；第四段解釋研究結(jié)果（Thesestudiesofintruderssuggest）。綜上所述，本文圍繞研究猴子間攻擊性的過(guò)程為中心展開(kāi)討論，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“提出了改變猴子社會(huì)行為的新方法”：文中沒(méi)有提到此新方法，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“比較幾種研究猴子攻擊性的方法”：文中沒(méi)有對(duì)這些方法進(jìn)行比較，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“考查競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)猴子社會(huì)行為的影響”：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkey’sbehavior?以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)?shù)乜偨Y(jié)了文章中缺乏食物對(duì)猴子行為影響的發(fā)現(xiàn)？

A.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.A.缺乏食物會(huì)增強(qiáng)猴子的攻擊性，因?yàn)榧ぐl(fā)攻擊性的最有力刺激之一是對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

B.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-termaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.B.在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中，缺乏食物可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)猴子的長(zhǎng)期攻擊性，但在野生環(huán)境中只會(huì)導(dǎo)致暫時(shí)的增強(qiáng)。

C.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.C.缺乏食物可能會(huì)暫時(shí)增強(qiáng)猴子之間的攻擊性，但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致沖突的減少。

D.Fooddeprivationdecreasestheintensitybutnotthefrequencyofaggressiveincidentsamongmonkeys.D.缺乏食物降低了猴子攻擊事件的強(qiáng)度，但沒(méi)有降低頻率。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞fooddeprivation定位到第二段倒數(shù)一、二句，該處講到“減少空間或不給猴子喂食（withholding），只能暫時(shí)增強(qiáng)（temporaryincreases）猴子群體內(nèi)部的攻擊性。事實(shí)上（Indeed），缺乏食物不僅沒(méi)有增強(qiáng)攻擊性（failedtoincreaseaggression），而且在某些情況下實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了攻擊頻率的降低（decreasedfrequenciesofaggression）?！保Y(jié)合第三段第一句“對(duì)極端缺乏食物條件下的野生動(dòng)物的研究同樣表明（likewiserevealed），饑餓的猴子幾乎沒(méi)有剩余的能量用于攻擊性互動(dòng)（littleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction）?！?，可知缺乏食物可能會(huì)在短期增強(qiáng)攻擊性，但會(huì)導(dǎo)致沖突減少，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“缺乏食物會(huì)增強(qiáng)猴子的攻擊性，因?yàn)榧ぐl(fā)攻擊性的最有力刺激之一是對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的激勵(lì)作用開(kāi)始受到懷疑（themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubted）”，可知這里的激勵(lì)作用受到質(zhì)疑，不是真實(shí)的，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中，缺乏食物可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)猴子的長(zhǎng)期攻擊性，但在野生環(huán)境中只會(huì)導(dǎo)致暫時(shí)的增強(qiáng)”：缺乏食物在長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，會(huì)降低攻擊性，對(duì)于野生環(huán)境同樣適用，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“缺乏食物降低了猴子攻擊事件的強(qiáng)度，但沒(méi)有降低頻率”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段最后一句“缺乏食物在某些情況下實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了攻擊頻率的降低（decreasedfrequenciesofaggression）”，可知降低了攻擊頻率，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkey’ssocialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause________.這篇文章表明，猴子社會(huì)行為的研究人員對(duì)猴子的攻擊性行為特別感興趣，因?yàn)開(kāi)_______。

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeysA.攻擊性是猴子最常見(jiàn)的社會(huì)行為

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroupB.為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)決定了猴群中的社會(huì)秩序

C.mostmonkeysarepotentiallyaggressive,yettheyliveinsocialunitsthatcouldnotfunctionwithoutcontroloftheiraggressiveimpulsesC.大多數(shù)猴子具有潛在的攻擊性，然而，它們生活在社會(huì)群體中，如果不控制它們的攻擊性沖動(dòng)，社會(huì)群體就不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

D.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthemD.大多數(shù)猴子是群居的，但它們經(jīng)常對(duì)進(jìn)入已存在的社會(huì)群體的新來(lái)者進(jìn)行攻擊

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞interestedinaggressivebehavior定位到第一段第一句，該處講到“研究猴子社會(huì)行為的研究人員一直被猴子的潛在攻擊性（monkey’saggressivepotential）以及隨之而來(lái)的對(duì)其攻擊性行為進(jìn)行社會(huì)控制的需要（needforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior）所吸引（struck）”，可知研究人員猴子的攻擊性行為感興趣的原因是，它們具有潛在的攻擊性，并且需要控制攻擊沖動(dòng)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“攻擊性是猴子最常見(jiàn)的社會(huì)行為”：文中沒(méi)有提到猴子最常見(jiàn)的社會(huì)行為是攻擊性行為，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)決定了猴群中的社會(huì)秩序”：文中沒(méi)有提到為了得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)決定了猴群中的社會(huì)秩序，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)猴子是群居的，但它們經(jīng)常對(duì)進(jìn)入現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)群體的新來(lái)者進(jìn)行攻擊”：對(duì)應(yīng)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“引發(fā)攻擊的最有效刺激之一（mostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggression）是將入侵者引入一個(gè)有組織的群體”以及第四段第二句“當(dāng)一只新動(dòng)物進(jìn)入一個(gè)已存在的社會(huì)組織時(shí)，新來(lái)者會(huì)遇到更嚴(yán)重的攻擊（thenewcomermeetsevermoreseriousaggression）?！保芍@是在說(shuō)猴子在什么時(shí)候最具有攻擊性，而不是研究人員對(duì)猴子的攻擊性感興趣的原因，屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto________.從文章中可以推斷出，為了________，在一群猴子中建立和維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序必不可少。

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroupsA.防止猴子走失并加入其他群體

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembersB.控制群體成員的攻擊性行為

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanotherC.防止一個(gè)群體被另一個(gè)群體控制

D.preventaggressivecompetitionforincentivesbetweenthatgroupandanotherD.防止不同群體之間為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞socialorder定位到第四段第一句，該處講到“必須建立社會(huì)秩序以控制動(dòng)物之間的關(guān)系（controlinteranimalrelationships）”，結(jié)合該段第三句“在第二種有社會(huì)制度的情況下，群體中的動(dòng)物則會(huì)圍攻新來(lái)者，從而在開(kāi)始便將新來(lái)者驅(qū)逐出現(xiàn)有的社會(huì)群體（initiallyexcludingthenewanimal）?！保芍⒑途S護(hù)社會(huì)秩序是為了不讓猴子加入外部族群，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“控制群體成員的攻擊性行為”：屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“防止一個(gè)群體被另一個(gè)群體控制”：文中沒(méi)有提到群體之間的控制，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“防止不同群體之間為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”：文中沒(méi)有提到群體之間因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.單選題

Thisisnottheright（）toaskformyhelp;Iamfartoobusyeventolisten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.time

B.opportunity

C.chance

D.case

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這不是向我尋求幫助的恰當(dāng)吋機(jī)，我太忙了，甚至沒(méi)時(shí)間傾聽(tīng)。

考查固定搭配。itistherighttimetodosth.是做某事的恰當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)。故選A。

6.單選題

Theword“foolish”istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword“（

）".

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.idyllic

C.idiotic

D.idiomatic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ideological“思想的；意識(shí)形態(tài)的”；idyllic“安恬的；田園詩(shī)般的”；idiotic“白癡的；愚蠢的”；idiomatic“慣用的；符合語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的”。句意：“愚蠢”這個(gè)詞用來(lái)描述你的行為太溫和了，我更喜歡用“白癡的”這個(gè)單詞。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足”；B:implement“實(shí)施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過(guò)調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時(shí)間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

8.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas（）disintegration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)onthegroundof“以……為理由，因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)onthetopof“在……的頂部，在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照”；D選項(xiàng)onthevergeof“瀕臨于，接近于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會(huì)處于解體的_____。這里表示的是奴隸社會(huì)瀕臨解體的邊緣，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Theseancientruinsaretheonlymemoryleftofamightyking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.greedy

B.powerful

C.stern

D.hasty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mighty表示“有力的，強(qiáng)有力的”；A項(xiàng)greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”，B項(xiàng)powerful“有力的”，C項(xiàng)stern“嚴(yán)厲的，堅(jiān)定的”，D項(xiàng)hasty“輕率的，匆忙的”。句意：這些古老的廢墟是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)王僅存的記憶。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)incomparisonto“與，與……相比，與……比較而言”；B選項(xiàng)inproportionto“與……成比例的；與……相稱的”，反義詞詞組是outofproportion；C選項(xiàng)association“協(xié)會(huì)，聯(lián)合，聯(lián)想”，沒(méi)有inassociationto這個(gè)說(shuō)法；D選項(xiàng)calculation“計(jì)算，估計(jì)，計(jì)算的結(jié)果，深思熟慮”，也沒(méi)有incalculationto這個(gè)說(shuō)法，句意：他在度假和奢侈品上的開(kāi)支與他的收入比起來(lái)相當(dāng)高。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ourneighborshangtheirchildren'sframeddiplomasin（）placesonthewallofthesettingroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brilliant

B.respective

C.conspicuous

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)brilliant表示“絕妙的；杰出的；聰穎的；明亮的”，B選項(xiàng)respective表示“分別的，各自的”，C選項(xiàng)conspicuous表示“顯著的，顯而易見(jiàn)的”，D選項(xiàng)remarkable表示“非凡的；卓越的；值得注意的”。由句意可知，我們鄰居把他們孩子的文憑框掛在客廳墻上顯眼的地方。因此，C選項(xiàng)conspicuous符合語(yǔ)境，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Manypainters,rocksingers,andstreetdancershavedistincthairstyle,____totheirgroup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.essential

C.special

D.peculiar

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.particular特定的，特別的B.essential基本的，重要的

C.special特別的，特殊的，特有的D.peculiar特有的，特殊的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】前文提到“許多畫(huà)家、搖滾歌手和街頭舞者都有獨(dú)特（distinct）發(fā)型”，根據(jù)distinct推斷，____totheirgroup應(yīng)該指的是“獨(dú)屬于他們的團(tuán)體”，并且空格后面有介詞to，因此，D選項(xiàng)peculiar“（~tosomebody/something）特有的，特殊的”,符合題意，指它只屬于某物、某人，或只與某物、某人或某個(gè)情況有關(guān)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)particular“特定的，特別的”，一般只用于名詞前，做定語(yǔ)；

B選項(xiàng)essential“基本的，重要的”，不表示“特殊的，獨(dú)有的”；

C選項(xiàng)special“特別的”，側(cè)重于指比其他人或事物更好或更重要；或者側(cè)重于指與正常情況不同。

【句意】許多畫(huà)家、搖滾歌手和街頭舞者都有他們團(tuán)體特有的獨(dú)特發(fā)型。

13.單選題

Thepolicearetryingto（）whatreallyhappened.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascertain

B.assert

C.avert

D.ascribe

【答案】A

【解析】句意:警方正試圖弄清到底發(fā)生了什么事。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascertain查明，弄清；assert主張，斷言，聲明，維護(hù)，堅(jiān)持；avert防止，避免，避開(kāi)；ascribe把……歸于，把……歸咎于。因此A符合句意。

14.單選題

Theideasexpressedinthearthistorian’sbookaremore（

）thanonewouldexpectonthebasisofherrather（

）treatmentofhersubjectintheopeningpages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.riguing

B.accessible...recondite

C.hidebound...reactionary

D.insightful...innovative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。compelling“引人注目的，不可抗拒的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的”；recondite“深?yuàn)W的，隱藏的”；hidebound“死板的，保守的，頑固的”；reactionary“保守的，反動(dòng)的”；insightful“有深刻見(jiàn)解的，富有洞察力的”；innovative“革新的，創(chuàng)新的”。句意：跟她在開(kāi)篇對(duì)主題的深?yuàn)W表述，對(duì)于讀者而言，這個(gè)藝術(shù)史學(xué)家書(shū)中的觀點(diǎn)要容易理解很多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Chinawilllowerthe（）forforeignerstocometothecountryandstreamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.measure

B.threshold

C.permit

D.statute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)measure表示“測(cè)量，措施，程度”，B選項(xiàng)threshold表示“入口，門檻，開(kāi)始”，C選項(xiàng)permit表示“許可證，執(zhí)照”，D選項(xiàng)statute表示“法規(guī)，法令，條例”。由后文的關(guān)鍵信息“streamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina”可知，中國(guó)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)化外國(guó)人在中國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)業(yè)的程序，說(shuō)明中國(guó)將會(huì)降低外國(guó)人來(lái)中國(guó)的門檻。由此可知，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Scientificevidencefromdifferent（）demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.principles

B.grounds

C.disciplines

D.rules

【答案】C

【解析】principles原則；grounds根據(jù),理由；disciplines紀(jì)律,學(xué)科；rules規(guī)則,條例。句意：來(lái)自不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,大多數(shù)人的左腦控制著語(yǔ)言。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusasagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmaimer,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.

Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.

Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress（

）.

2.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan

（

）.

3.Theword"precedent"(Line1,Para.6)probablyrefersto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofus

B.indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareer

C.hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardus

D.isofparticularimportancewhenwegetoninage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.changepeople'sconservativeattitudestowardstheirlifestyles

B.helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesex

C.makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarket

D.helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.earlyactsformentofollowasexamples

B.particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportance

C.thingsthatmenshouldagreeupon

D.men'sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thevarietyoftheprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochoose

B.womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodels

C.Menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositions

D.theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Dressingforeffect

B.Howtodressappropriately

C.Managerialpositionsandclothing

D.Dressingfortheoccasion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，著裝通過(guò)提供線索讓我們得出一個(gè)人是怎樣的人，不是怎樣的人以及想成為怎樣的人的結(jié)論上起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。它們能很好地告訴我們穿著者的背景、性格、地位、心情和社會(huì)前景。也就是說(shuō)，穿著對(duì)人們看待我們的方式有直接影響，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，青春期女孩很容易就能認(rèn)同那些穿某種服裝的女孩的生活方式，包括她們可能有多少男朋友，她們是否抽煙或喝酒。也就是說(shuō)，年輕人傾向于相信某些類型的衣服可以幫助他們?cè)谌穗H關(guān)系中取得成功。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.詞匯題。根據(jù)句意可知，“precedents”應(yīng)該和“rolemodels”意思相近，所以選項(xiàng)A“男性追隨的榜樣的早期行為”符合原文所表述的意思。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.”商界的許多女性都不確定，她們應(yīng)該通過(guò)職業(yè)著裝來(lái)傳達(dá)什么樣的“男性化”和“女性化”特質(zhì)。也就是說(shuō)，她們不確定應(yīng)該在多大程度上通過(guò)服裝來(lái)展現(xiàn)自己的女性氣質(zhì)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是穿著可以呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)人什么樣，給人的印象是怎樣的，也就是說(shuō)，穿著對(duì)人產(chǎn)生了影響。所以選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文主旨。

18.單選題

Apersonwhois_______typicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentrationorremembering.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stressed

B.exploited

C.prevented

D.conquered

【答案】A

【解析】stressed緊張的,有壓力的;exploited利用,剝削;prevented阻止,避免;conquered戰(zhàn)勝,征服。句意：壓力大的人通常有焦慮的想法,難以集中注意力或記憶。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

19.單選題

Theideathatboththeparentsandthecommunityareresponsibleforthewell-beingofminorshasgainedacceptanceonlyinthetwentieth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.welfare

B.welcome

C.appearance

D.speech

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。well-being表示“幸福，康樂(lè)”。A項(xiàng)welfare“福利”，B項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎，接受”，C項(xiàng)appearance“外貌，外觀”，D項(xiàng)speech“演講”；句意：父母和社會(huì)都應(yīng)該對(duì)未成年人的幸福負(fù)責(zé)的觀點(diǎn)直到二十世紀(jì)才得到接受。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

20.翻譯題

(1)StanBelin(斯坦?貝林)wasborninthe1930stoanurbanfamilylockedinthegripoftheGreatDepression.Hiswasafracturedfamily,oneinwhichhisparentsfoughtconstantly.Ilivedwithafeelingofimpendingdoom,hesays.Thisfeardrovehimtobeamodelchild.

Stanhasavividmemoryofonceleaningagainstabridgerailingasaboyandgazingatahandsomepartyboatpassingbelow.Hecouldseepeopleondeckenjoyingtheirouting.(2)Itwasasceneofcomfortandluxuryhecouldhardlyhaveimagined.Thatmentalpictureinfluencedtheboy’sideaofsuccess.Hisgoalsbecamemoney,power,andprestige.

Standidwellinschool.Hefoundhisgreatestacademicsuccessinhissciencecourses.Buthelackedtheconfidencetopursueamedicalcareerandturnedtodentistryasaquickerroutetohislife’sgoals.

(3)Hemarriedayoungwomanhehadknownsincehighschool,andforover20yearsStanandJanelivedalifethatmanypeoplewouldenvy.Hisreputationspread,themoneystartedrollinginandhewasappointedtoaprestigiouspositionbyhisstategovernment.Twohealthychildrenwereborn.

(4)Thefamilyhadamagnificenthouse,expensiveautomobilesandtookexoticvacations.

ThecrowningtouchforStancamewhenheboughtaluxuryyachtandsailedtothebridgewhere,asachild,hehadfirstglimpsedwhathehopedwouldbehisfuture.“ItoldJanethestory,”hesays.(5)“AsIspoke,Irealizedthatsomethingwasallwrong.IpossessedeverythingIhadeverdreamedof,butIfeltverysadandhopeless.Whatwasworse,Iknewitwouldneverchange.”

Thenintheearly1980s,adoctorfriendinvitedStantodinner.Thefriendsaidhehadbeenusingcocaineasanantidepressant.Hedescribeditasamarvelousnoaddictivedrug.Standecidedthedrugmightbejustrightforhisowndepression.

【答案】1.斯坦?貝林出生于20世紀(jì)30年代一個(gè)陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條困境之中的城市家庭。

2.這種舒適與奢侈的情景是他無(wú)法想象的。這一情景銘刻在他的腦海里，影響著他對(duì)成功的看法。

3.他娶了一位中學(xué)時(shí)代就認(rèn)識(shí)的女子為妻，20多年來(lái)，他和妻子簡(jiǎn)過(guò)著令人稱羨的生活。

4.他們有華麗的住宅和昂貴的汽車，還常常出國(guó)度假。

5.說(shuō)話時(shí)，我忽然意識(shí)到情況很不對(duì)勁。我已擁有曾經(jīng)夢(mèng)寐以求的一切，但卻感到悲傷無(wú)望。更糟糕的是，我知道這種狀況將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)改變。

21.單選題

Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossess,iftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist一isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.

Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,