考研考博-英語-山東職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯誤。句意:《道德經(jīng)》幾乎可以肯定是現(xiàn)代西方人中最受敬仰的中國古代哲學(xué)文本。自19世紀(jì)中期以來，它被多次翻譯成英文。

2.單選題

7.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.

【答案】B

【解析】W:NowDaddyI’mwearingthisonyourchest.It’scalledstethocope.Itmightbealittlecold,I’llwarmitup.Feeltheend,OK?FirstofallI’lllistentoyourfrontandthenyourback.

M:Shehasgonethatalotoftimes.

Q:Howmanypeoplehavebeeninvolvedinthesituation?

【解析】推斷題。父親說：Shehasgonethatalotoftimes，由此推測，本段對話中除了父女倆還有第三人的存在。

3.翻譯題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergy,tocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwaslocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproduct,itwasinefficient.Contrastthiswithfanningsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.What'smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe213rcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.

【答案】可持續(xù)發(fā)展幾乎適用于從能源到清潔水和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的所有領(lǐng)域，因此很難對其背后的基本假設(shè)或概念的使用方式提出質(zhì)疑。在農(nóng)業(yè)方面尤其如此，在農(nóng)業(yè)方面，可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而沒有適當(dāng)?shù)貜臍v史和文化角度加以評價(jià)。首先，重要的是要記住，農(nóng)業(yè)的性質(zhì)在歷史上已經(jīng)發(fā)生了顯著的變化，并將繼續(xù)發(fā)生變化。北歐的中世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)為主要的農(nóng)村社會提供了食物、衣服和庇護(hù)，人口密度比今天低得多。它對生物多樣性的影響微乎其微，而且它造成的任何污染都是局部的。就能量使用和產(chǎn)品中獲取的營養(yǎng)而言，它是低效的。這與工業(yè)革命開始以來的扇風(fēng)形成了鮮明對比。來自海外的競爭促使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在此期間，食物變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。此外，發(fā)展中國家對動物產(chǎn)品的需求增長如此之快，以至于到2050年每年需要額外增加3億噸谷物才能滿足需求。然而，城市和工業(yè)的發(fā)展正在減少許多地區(qū)可供農(nóng)業(yè)使用的水資源。所有這一切意味著，21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)大不相同。

4.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3EnglishsentencesintoChineseand3ChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

因?yàn)椴┛偷膶?shí)質(zhì)只不過是一種“網(wǎng)絡(luò)白志”，即在網(wǎng)頁上按照吋間順序排列個(gè)人信息的一種記錄形式。博客的最大特點(diǎn)就是利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)主張，最大程度地彰顯個(gè)人的自主性或獨(dú)立性。盡管它正在成為--種越來越重要的文化載體甚至社會載體，但是無論如何都不可能取代最古老的知識傳承方式——讀書。

中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的食俗豐富多彩，且有悠久歷史。剛剛過去的春節(jié)是我國最最重要的節(jié)日，人們通常從它的前夜——-除夕就開始準(zhǔn)備了。這一天人們一般都會吃雞、鴨、魚、肉、餃子等。再過幾天就是端午節(jié)了，這個(gè)節(jié)日的重要食俗就是吃粽子(ricedumpling)。而吃月餅則是中秋節(jié)最具代表性的習(xí)俗，人們都喜歡在這天與家人團(tuán)聚，邊飲酒賞月，邊吃月餅。

我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，我們不能因?yàn)槌晒εe辦了奧運(yùn)會和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較快而太過驕傲自滿。必須認(rèn)識到，我們只是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家———個(gè)人口大國、經(jīng)濟(jì)小國。對于這么一個(gè)國家，不管有多么可觀的收入，只要除以13億，立刻就變成很低的人均水平。所以，中國的發(fā)展道路離真正的富強(qiáng)還很漫長，萬里長征才走了幾步啊！我們需要一直努力才行！

Itwasa"matchofthecentury"betweenhumanchampionoftheChineseboardgameGoandGoogle'scomputerprogramkickedoffinSeoullastWednesday,whichdrewgreatattention.Google'sartificialintelligencesoftwarehaswonitsthirdstraightmatchagainstagrandmasterofanancientboardgamecalledGo.Google'sprogram,AlphaGo,wonfourgamesandlostoneinaseriesoffiveagainstLeeSedol,who'sconsideredoneoftheworld’sbestGoplayers.ThismeansGooglehassecuredthe$1millioninprizemoneyfromthecompetition,whichitsaysitwilldonatetocharity.ButthiswasaboutmorethanmoneyandbraggingrightsforGoogle.

TheZikaviruswasfirstisolatedin1947fromamonkeyintheZikaforestofUganda.ItshistoricalhomehasbeeninanarrowequatorialbeltstretchingacrossAfricaandintoequatorialAsia.Fordecades,thedisease,transmittedbytheAedesgenusofmosquitoslumbered,affectingmainlymonkeys.Inhumans,Zikaoccasionallycausedamilddiseaseoflowconcern.In2007,ZikaexpandeditsgeographicalrangetocausethefirstdocumentedoutbreakinthePacificislands,intheFederatedStatesofMicronesia.From20132014,4additionalPacificislandnationsdocumentedlargeZikaoutbreaks.

China'sstunningeconomicriseisoneofthebiggestlegendsofthisgeneration.Injustthreedecadessincebeginningtoembracemarketeconomics,Chinahasleftitsdesperatepovertybehindtobecometheworld'stopexportingnation.ThetransformationhasoccurredsoquicklythatmythsandmisperceptionsaboundaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesthatChinaposestoAmericaandtherestoftheworld.

【答案】Thecoreoftheblogsisjustakindof“networkdiary’’，namely,arecordingformofdisplayingthepersonalinformationonthewebpagechronologically.Thebiggestcharacteristicoftheblogistousethenetworkspacetoissueyourownpointofviewandshowyourpersonalindependenceorautonomybythegreatestdegree.Althoughitgraduallybecomesamoreandmoreimportantculturalcarrieroreventhesocialcarrier,nomatterwhat,itcouldnotreplacethemostancientwayofpassingknowledgedownway—readingbooks.

Chinahaswitnessedalonghistoryoftheeatingcustomsoftraditionalfestivals,whichisfullofvariety.TheSpringFestivaljustoverthepastisthemostsignificantfestivalofallinChina.Peoplehavepreparedforitfromeveofit,theNewYear’sEve.Thisday,peoplewouldeatthechicken,duck,fish,meatanddumplings.Inafewmoredays,theDragonBoatFestivaliscoming.Theeatingcustomofthisfestivalistoeattheracedumplings,whiletoeatthemooncakesisthemostrepresentativeeatingcustomoftheMid-autumnFestival.Peoplewouldreunitewiththeirfamilies,drinkingandenjoyingthemoonwhileeatingmooncakes.

IwanttoemphasizethatweshouldnotbetooproudandcomplacentbecauseofthesuccessfulOlympicGamesandtherapideconomicdevelopment.Wemustrealizethatoursisjustadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulationbutweakeconomy.Forthiscountry,anyconsiderableamountoffinancialresource,dividedby1.3billion,becomesaverylowpercapitallevel.Therefore,Chinaisfarawayfromprosperity.Howfewstepsthelongjourneywehavetaken!Wearegoingtobeworkinghard.

上周三，中國圍棋人類冠軍與谷歌電腦程序在首爾舉行了“世紀(jì)之戰(zhàn)”，引起了廣泛關(guān)注。谷歌的人工智能軟件已經(jīng)連續(xù)第三次擊敗名為Go的古老棋盤游戲的大師。名為“阿爾法狗”的谷歌軟件在和世界最好的圍棋選手李世石的五場比賽以四勝一敗結(jié)束。這意味著谷歌已經(jīng)從競賽中獲得了100萬美元的獎金，并表示將捐贈給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。但是這場勝利的意義已經(jīng)超過了獎金和勝利本身。

塞卡病毒最初是1947年從烏干達(dá)塞卡森林的一只猴子身上分離出來的。它的歷史發(fā)源地是一條狹窄的赤道帶，橫跨非洲，一直延伸到赤道亞洲。幾十年來，這種病毒由伊蚊屬蚊蟲傳播，消無聲息，主要感染猴子。在人類身上，塞卡病毒偶爾會引起一種低關(guān)注度的輕微疾病。2007年，寨卡病毒擴(kuò)大了地理范圍，導(dǎo)致在太平洋島嶼密克羅尼西亞首次爆發(fā)有記載的疫情。2013年至2014年，又有4個(gè)太平洋島嶼國家記錄了大規(guī)模寨卡病毒的爆發(fā)。

中國驚人的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長是這一代人最大的傳奇之一。自開始接受市場經(jīng)濟(jì)以來的短短三十年里，中國已經(jīng)擺脫了極度貧困，成為世界上最大的出口國。這種轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)生得如此之快，以至于出現(xiàn)了大量關(guān)于中國對美國和世界其他地區(qū)帶來構(gòu)成威脅的傳說和誤解。

5.單選題

Webookedroomsatthehotel（

）weshouldfindnovacanciesonourarrival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenever

B.if

C.since

D.lest

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法中連詞的用法。A項(xiàng)whenever表示“無論何時(shí)”；B項(xiàng)if表示“如果；是否”；C項(xiàng)since表示“自從；既然”；D項(xiàng)lest表示“以免，唯恐”，根據(jù)句意以及邏輯關(guān)系可知，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

ThefloweringteahasbeensellingbrisklyatupscaleretailerssuchasWholeFoodsMarket,jumpingfrom9%ofNumi’ssalesto26%duringthelastholidayseason.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.uplevel

B.uptick

C.upmarket

D.upbuilt

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)uplevel僅有uplevel形式，意為“高電平”；B選項(xiàng)uptick“（n.）小幅增加，微升；報(bào)升”；C選項(xiàng)upmarket“質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)高的；高級的；在高檔之列”；D選項(xiàng)upbuilt“（v.）建立，建造”。句意：鮮花茶在全食超市（WholeFoodsMarket）等高檔零售商的銷售一直很火爆，在上個(gè)假期期間，占Numi銷售額的比例從9%躍升至26%。upscale“高消費(fèi)階層的，高檔的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S..Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures—operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered—surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.

2.RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.

3.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefield

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefield

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefield

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseas

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefield

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeons

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseas

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreen

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentangles

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnified

D.heiswearing3-Dglasses

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.causelesspaintothewounded

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequickly

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedious

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine____.據(jù)理查德?薩塔瓦（RichardSatava）稱，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用____。

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldA.將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場上

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldB.可以讓戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵振作起來

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldC.將大大改善戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療條件

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldD.可以縮短戰(zhàn)場上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時(shí)間

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段第一句“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，我們就能在每條戰(zhàn)壕里安置一名外科醫(yī)生。”以及第三段最后一句“醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場上機(jī)動外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動手術(shù)?！笨芍摂M現(xiàn)實(shí)可以運(yùn)用到戰(zhàn)場上去，由此可推斷這將提高戰(zhàn)場上的醫(yī)療水平。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親自出現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場上”，文中第三段提到“這些電腦將把士兵的圖像傳送給美國的外科醫(yī)生。外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵”也就是說醫(yī)生們并不是親自出現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)場上的，而是通過電腦進(jìn)行操作。該選項(xiàng)意思與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“可以讓戰(zhàn)場上受傷的士兵振作起來”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“可以縮短戰(zhàn)場上受傷士兵的手術(shù)時(shí)間”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

RichardSatavahasvisionsof____.理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想____。

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseasA.使用遠(yuǎn)程控制技術(shù)治療在海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldB.在戰(zhàn)場上，戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonsC.受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseasD.在海外設(shè)立移動外科單位

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“他設(shè)想了這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代：在海外作戰(zhàn)中受傷的士兵被安置在配備了電腦的移動外科病房里。”配備電腦也就是指的遠(yuǎn)程治療，由此可知他設(shè)想用遠(yuǎn)程治療技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)場上，戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔的醫(yī)生拯救受傷士兵的情景”，文中第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個(gè)顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕。醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場上機(jī)動外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動手術(shù)?！币簿褪钦f是戴著頭盔的醫(yī)生引導(dǎo)機(jī)器人做手術(shù)，而不是醫(yī)生本人做手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生為受傷的士兵做手術(shù)”，文中提到“醫(yī)生們將引導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場上機(jī)動外科部隊(duì)的機(jī)器人儀器為士兵動手術(shù)。”也就是說是機(jī)器人做手術(shù)而不是醫(yī)生做手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“在海外設(shè)立移動外科單位”，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是如何進(jìn)行的？

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.A.它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度裝置完成的。

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.B.外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋。

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinkedtothem.C.外科醫(yī)生通過與機(jī)器人相連的計(jì)算機(jī)來移動機(jī)器人設(shè)備。

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.D.3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動作。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第四段三、四句“當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動與電腦相連的儀器，然后將他們的動作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器?！币簿褪钦f，計(jì)算機(jī)把圖像傳給醫(yī)生，醫(yī)生通過計(jì)算機(jī)來引導(dǎo)機(jī)器人，因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度裝置完成的?！保恼绿峒艾F(xiàn)實(shí)虛擬手術(shù)是由外科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制進(jìn)行手術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)是對虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋?！?，該手術(shù)不僅僅是外科醫(yī)生接受反饋，而且他們操作機(jī)器人進(jìn)行，因此該選項(xiàng)是對虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“3D圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動作”，文中倒數(shù)第三段提到“外科醫(yī)生露西亞?薩莫拉諾通過計(jì)算機(jī)掃描獲取大腦圖像，并使用計(jì)算機(jī)程序生成3D圖像。”可知3D圖像記錄的是傷口而不是手術(shù)中醫(yī)生的動作，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause____.在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)中，醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體上的傷口，因?yàn)開___。

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreenA.他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglesB.這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedC.因?yàn)閭诒桓叨确糯罅?/p>

D.heiswearing3-DglassesD.他戴著3D眼鏡

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“在這些手術(shù)過程中，外科醫(yī)生會戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野?！币虼诉xD。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他正在看電腦屏幕上的傷口”，這并不是更好地看到身體傷口的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“這些切口可以從不同的角度檢查”，文章提到“戴上3D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”但并沒有說可以從不同的角度進(jìn)行檢查，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閭诒桓叨确糯罅恕?，文章提到“戴?D眼鏡以獲得更好的視野”，但并沒有說傷口被放大，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)，因?yàn)樗鼈僟___。

A.causelesspaintothewoundedA.減少了受傷人員的疼痛

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyB.可以讓病人更快地恢復(fù)

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstediousC.將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecisionD.是由機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生以更高的精確度完成的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第四段“當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀看手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動與電腦相連的儀器，然后將他們的動作傳遞給執(zhí)行手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器。計(jì)算機(jī)向外科醫(yī)生提供力量、紋理和聲音方面的反饋?！币约拔恼碌箶?shù)第二段“他們命令機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織?！庇纱丝赏茢啵摂M現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是由機(jī)器人進(jìn)行的更精確的手術(shù)。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“減少了受傷人員的疼痛”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“可以讓病人更快地恢復(fù)”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

8.翻譯題

美國人以兩個(gè)特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：這便是每年五月第二個(gè)星期日的母親節(jié)和六月第三個(gè)星期日的父親節(jié)。人們用各種形式來慶賀這兩個(gè)特殊的日子。在母親節(jié)那天，人們佩戴康乃馨（carnation）；很多人還通過參加宗教儀式來向父母致意；在這兩天，許多家庭在家中或到餐館去聚會。這是充滿歡樂、美好情感和美好回憶的日子。

【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.

9.單選題

Becauseofitsexcellenceinquality,forthelasttwoyears,Audicarhas（

）Germany’sTouringCarChampionship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conquered

B.contested

C.dominated

D.determined

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。conquer“戰(zhàn)勝；征服”；contest“爭辯；爭論”；dominate“控制；支配”；determine“確定；判決”。句意：由于質(zhì)量卓越，因此在過去的兩年里，奧迪車已經(jīng)統(tǒng)治了房車錦標(biāo)賽。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sorry“遺憾的；對不起的”；B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；C選項(xiàng)ashamed“羞愧的；慚愧的”；D選項(xiàng)guilty“內(nèi)疚的”。句意：他對自己的行為非?！?，并保證再也不那樣做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保證再也不會那樣做了。）可知他對自己的行為表示羞愧，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasinterrupted

B.hadinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.wouldhaveinterrupted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。由was和thatevening可知事情發(fā)生在過去。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻為止已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的事情，故用過去完成時(shí)。句意：又有人在敲門，那晚已經(jīng)是第三次有人打擾我了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

C.afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren

D.parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.

B.Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.

C.Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestment.

D.Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries

B.thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen

C.themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety

D.theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文首段第一句“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.在發(fā)展中國家，為女孩提供教育保障的回報(bào)率很可能比其他任何投資都要高?！庇纱丝芍?，C選項(xiàng)rewarding“有回報(bào)的”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)troublesome“麻煩的”；B選項(xiàng)labor-saving“節(jié)省勞力的”；D選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的”，均不正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.這種預(yù)言變成了自我實(shí)現(xiàn)，使女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán)?！边@一預(yù)言即破折號前面所提到的“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool…因此，女孩被認(rèn)為不如男孩有價(jià)值，她們被關(guān)在家里做家務(wù)，而她們的兄弟則被送去上學(xué)”，由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，作者通過列舉一個(gè)受過教育的母親的事例來闡述了惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)的情況。受過教育的母親不會有很多孩子，能夠顧及所有孩子的發(fā)展，確保她的女兒能夠得到公平（接受教育）的機(jī)會。因此，她女兒的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是說，只有當(dāng)女孩能夠獲得平等接受教育的機(jī)會才能使惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一、二句“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.幾乎沒有人會質(zhì)疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社會效益。但它同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。”這一觀點(diǎn)和首段第一句呼應(yīng)，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為女性接受教育會產(chǎn)生比其他投資更大的回報(bào)。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容以及上一題可知，作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)女性接受教育所產(chǎn)生的回報(bào)，不僅具有巨大的社會效益，同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢。所以本文主要討論的是婦女接受教育所帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會利益，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

He（

）bethepersonwhokilledMarybecausehewaswithmelastnightthewholenightand（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.can’t...couldnotdo

B.maynotcouldnotdo

C.mustnot...couldnothavedone

D.can’t...couldnothavedone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：他肯定不是殺害瑪麗的人，因?yàn)樗蛲碚砀以谝黄?，所以他不可能做這件事。第一空表示推測，后面提到了原因，所以這里的推測是非?？隙ǖ牟聹y，用can’t，mustnot表示“禁止”的意思,不符合題意；第二空couldnothavedone表示“本不會做某事（實(shí)際上做了）”，不符合題意，因此此處要填入couldnotdo。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（

）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:大量的修復(fù)工作已經(jīng)使大教堂回復(fù)到了它先前的壯觀景象。

Refresh更新;restore使...恢復(fù)到之前或原始的狀態(tài);renovate修復(fù)到之前或更佳的狀態(tài);renew（遭到損害后）重生。句中并未提及教堂被損壞，并且提及大量的修復(fù)工作,因此renovate最合適。

15.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有些國家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法，我們?nèi)匀粵]有認(rèn)識到，暴力永遠(yuǎn)不能解決問題，而是使問題更加尖銳。第二段闡述了真正有理智的人在宣揚(yáng)法制，卻遭到輕視和迫害，作者認(rèn)為真正的解決方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段進(jìn)一步說明“交流、對話”是了解雙方問題的前提，而暴力制造了它假裝要解決的罪惡。整篇文章都在闡述不能依靠暴力手段解決歧視問題。因此B選項(xiàng)“暴力無助于消除種族偏見”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“提倡暴力”，C選項(xiàng)“雙方的重要人物都認(rèn)為暴力是合法的解決方案”，D選項(xiàng)“人類的本能渴望暴力”，因?yàn)槲恼率遣恍麚P(yáng)暴力的，所以A，C，D都不適合作為標(biāo)題。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”（