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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

由于對(duì)急劇上漲的油價(jià)和氣候變化的日益擔(dān)心,生物燃料變成了綠色技術(shù)革命的先鋒,除了作為替代能源外,還希望它在此過(guò)程中減緩全球變暖趨勢(shì)。但是,近期的幾項(xiàng)研究表明,生物燃料不但沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)其提倡者的良好愿望,相反卻加劇了全球變暖,并還以拯救地球的名義危害著地球。的確,生物燃料在某種程度上減輕了人們對(duì)進(jìn)口石油的依賴,使某些農(nóng)民綜合企業(yè)致富的同時(shí),也給農(nóng)民創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。但是大多數(shù)生物燃料遇到的一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題實(shí)際上很簡(jiǎn)單:將土地用于生產(chǎn)生物燃料所需的作物,導(dǎo)致儲(chǔ)存了大量碳的森林、濕地和草地被毀,這是研究人員一直沒(méi)注意到的問(wèn)題.

【答案】Duetogrowingconcernsaboutclimatechangesandthesharpriseinoilprices,peoplehaveturnedbio-fuelsintothepioneerofgreentechnologyrevolution,whichisexpectedtoslowglobalwarmingintheprocessinadditiontobeinganalternativeenergysource.Butseveralrecentstudiessuggestedthatbio-fuelshaveworsenedglobalwarminginsteadoffulfillingthegoodwishesofitsadvocates,andarecontributingtoglobalwarmingandharmingtheplanetinthenameofsavingit.Indeed,bio-fuelshavereducedpeople'sdependenceonimportedoiltoacertainextentandcreatedemploymentopportunitiesforfarmerswhilemakingsomeruralcomprehensiveenterprisesrich.Butonefundamentalproblemthatmostbio-fuelsiscurrentlyencounteringisactuallyverysimple:theusageoflandforproducingcropsrequiredbybio-fuelshasleadedtodestructionsoflargeareasofforests,wetlandsandgrasslandswhichareusedtostorealotofcarbons.Andourresearchershavepaidnoattentiontothisproblem.

2.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude,theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于“獨(dú)處”的早期研究受到何種批評(píng)?錄音說(shuō),早期的研究存在幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn),其中包括把情緒簡(jiǎn)單地分為積極的和消極的(categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative),D選項(xiàng)中的classified是對(duì)錄音原文中categorized的同義替換,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒是個(gè)人的和主觀的事實(shí)”和B項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒可以被控制的可能性”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及;C選項(xiàng)“它獨(dú)立測(cè)量積極情緒和消極情緒”主要利用measured和independently設(shè)置干擾,錄音說(shuō)的是,早期調(diào)查在從積極到消極的范圍內(nèi)衡量情緒,忽略了積極和消極情緒可以獨(dú)立波動(dòng)的可能性。選項(xiàng)與之表述不相符,因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)我們可以知道哪些關(guān)于新研究的結(jié)果?錄音提到,新研究是為了確定獨(dú)處對(duì)高喚起度情緒的影響,而參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人經(jīng)過(guò)15分鐘的獨(dú)處后,他們的積極與消極兩方面的高喚起度情緒都有所減緩(reductionsinbothtypesofemotion),B選項(xiàng)中的reductive與錄音原文中的reductions是同根詞,都表示“減少,減緩”的意思,因此B選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處對(duì)高喚起度情緒有減緩作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人無(wú)所事事地坐著似乎很苦惱”和C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)自坐15分鐘使參與者焦躁不安”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及;D選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處會(huì)對(duì)參與者的心理健康產(chǎn)生不利影響”,主要錯(cuò)在缺乏對(duì)獨(dú)處的修飾詞,錄音中說(shuō)的是長(zhǎng)期的孤獨(dú)與負(fù)面的生理和心理影響相關(guān),而短暫的獨(dú)處不會(huì),因此D選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全,表述不正確。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)新研究的第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有何發(fā)現(xiàn)?第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量了獨(dú)處對(duì)低喚起度情緒的影響,并且發(fā)現(xiàn)所有這些情緒都會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而增加。D選項(xiàng)“它有助于增強(qiáng)低喚起度情緒”與原文表述相符,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它往往會(huì)使負(fù)面情緒加劇”,這些情緒包括積極和消極的情緒,如平靜、放松、悲傷或孤獨(dú)。因此A選項(xiàng)不正確;B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明很難客觀描述它”,錄音提到,獨(dú)處改變內(nèi)在感受的強(qiáng)度,對(duì)強(qiáng)烈感覺(jué)有安撫作用,這正是描述了獨(dú)處產(chǎn)生的影響,因此B選項(xiàng)也不正確;C選項(xiàng)“它與悲傷密切相關(guān)”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及,因此排除。

3.問(wèn)答題

Directions:Inthispartthereisapagefromthelocaltelephonedirectorygivinginformationaboutvariousservices.Readthefollowingsituationsanddecidewhichnumberyouwouldtelephone.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

INSTANTCALLGUIDEDirectoryAssistance

Forunknown,newandalterednumbers……………019

Local……………...019

International…………………055

FaultsandServiceDifficulties

Local……………088

International…………………044

BusinessCustomerFaults…………………...008

OperatorConnectedCalls

Fromaprivatephone…………..076

Fromapayphone…………………042

Chargeenquiries………………….066

InternationalTelegrams……………………...093

Wakeup/remindercalls……………………...012

Telephonebillenquiries………………...……17489

Example:

Youwanttohaveamorningcall.

Answer:012

66.Youwanttosendaninternationaltelegram.

________________________________________________________________________

67.Youaretryingtocalllocallybutthetelephoneisnotworkingproperly.

________________________________________________________________________

68.Youwanttoknowhowmuchitwillcosttotelephoneyourhomecountry.

________________________________________________________________________

69.Youhavetotelephoneyourlocalkindergartenbutyoudonotknowthenumber.

________________________________________________________________________

70.Yourinternationalphonecallwascutoffwhileyouwerespeaking.

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】66.093

67.088

68.066

69.019

70.044

【解析】66.題干是:你想發(fā)一封國(guó)際電報(bào)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞internationaltelegram可知答案為093。

67.題干是:你想打本地電話,但電話不能正常工作。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞locally和notworkingproperly可知答案為088。

68.題干是:你想知道打電話到本國(guó)需要多少錢。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞howmuch和cost可知答案為066。

69.題干是:你必須給當(dāng)?shù)氐挠變簣@打電話,但你不知道號(hào)碼。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞donotknowthenumber可知答案為019。

70.題干是:你說(shuō)話的時(shí)候,國(guó)際電話被切斷了。根據(jù)問(wèn)題可知這屬于FaultsandServiceDifficulties(故障和業(yè)務(wù)問(wèn)題),結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞international可知答案為044。

4.單選題

Somepeoplethinkthata(

)translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】句意:一些人認(rèn)為直譯法,或逐字翻譯比意譯更容易。

考查形近詞辨析。Literal文字的,逐字逐句的;literary文學(xué)的,書(shū)面的;liberal自由主義的,慷慨的;linear線型的,直線的,線狀的。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞easierthanafreetranslation(比意譯更容易)可知這里是將直譯與其作對(duì)比,故選A。

5.單選題

AyoungcoupleemigratedsometimeagofromGreecetoEnglandandwasinvitedtobecomeamemberofalocalclub.Afterafewweeks,manyEnglishwomenfeltthatthebehaviorsoftheGreekmakeseemedlikeacomeonthatmakethemfeeluncomfortable!AtthesametimemanyEnglishmenfeltthattheGreekfemaleistooforwardinshowingthatsheissexuallyavailable!Infactnothingofthesortwashappeningandthewholemisunderstandingwascausedbythedifferent“intimacyzones”betweenpeopleofdifferentcultures.Asallanimalbeings,humanbeingsalsohaveadefinedspacearoundtheirbodies,whichtheyconsiderasvitalandtheyprotectasifitweretheirprivateproperty.Thisspaceiscalled“intimacyzones”andonlypeoplewhoareemotionallyclosetothepersonareallowedtoenterthiszone.Thatincludesparents,husbandsandwives,children,relatives,loversandclosefriends.

Greekshavean“intimacyzones”of25cmandsometimesevenless,whilefortheEnglishpeoplethiszoneisextendedto45cm.ThetwoGreeksfeltquitecomfortableatadistanceof25-30cmfromtheothers,withoutknowingthatthisdistancewasconsideredbytheEnglishasan“invasion”oftheir“intimacyzones.”Moreover,thefactthatGreeksareusedtolookingattheirnewfriendsdirectlyintheeyeandoftentouchthemwhiletalkingmadeEnglishpeopleformthewrongimpressionandmisjudgedthem.EnglishpeopleconsideredharassmentwhattheGreekcoupleconsideredasatypicalsocialget-together!And,conversely,thetwoGreekswerethinkingthattheirnewEnglishfriendswererudeandcoldbecausetheyconstantlykeptmovingawayfromthemallthetime,tryingtomaintainasafedistance.

Psycho-geographicaltheorieshaveprovedthatMediterraneanpeopleandalltheinhabitantsofwarmclimatestendtoexpresstheirfeelingsinanextremelydemonstrativewayandusebodylanguagemoreoftenthanNorthernpeople,whoseculturewantsthemtoberestrainedandtoavoidgesturesandbodycontactwhiletalking.

Itseemsthatforthosewhotravelabroadthesafestruleisthat“WhenyouareinRome,doastheRomansdo”,evenifthatmeansthatyouhavetocontrolyourfriendlyattitudesoastoadjustyourbodylanguagetotheculturalstandardsofthecountrywhichyouarein.

1.TheGreekcoupleseemedto________.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe“intimacyzone”?

3.A.Anintimacyzoneof25-30cmisconsidered________.

4.Thesafestrulewhentravelingabroadisto________.

5.Thepassageismainlywrittento________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.getalongwellwiththelocalpeople

B.berejectedbythelocalpeoplefromthebeginning

C.bequiteunpopularwiththelocalpeople

D.gettiredofdealingwiththelocalpeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisauniquehumancharacteristic.

B.Itreferstothespacepeoplelivein.

C.Itisconsideredpersonalandimportant.

D.Itcanbeusedtotellfriendsfromenemies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.acomfortabledistancebytheEnglish

B.acomfortabledistancebyGreeks

C.rudeandcoldbytheEnglish

D.rudeandcoldbyGreeks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.usemorebodylanguage

B.showafriendlyattitude

C.avoidbodycontactduringaconversation

D.followtherulesofthehostcountry

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.offertraveltipstopeopletravelingabroad

B.explainwhyhumanshaveintimacyzones

C.stresstheroleofbodylanguageincommunication

D.analyzemisunderstandingcausedbyculturaldifferences

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句Afterafewweeks,manyEnglishwomenfeltthatthebehaviorsoftheGreekmakeseemedlikeacomeonthatmakethemfeeluncomfortable!AtthesametimemanyEnglishmenfeltthattheGreekfemaleistooforward(幾個(gè)星期后,許多英國(guó)婦女覺(jué)得希臘人的行為似乎是一種挑逗,使她們感到不舒服!與此同時(shí),許多英國(guó)男人覺(jué)得希臘女性表現(xiàn)得太過(guò)無(wú)禮),可知這對(duì)希臘夫婦不受當(dāng)?shù)厝藲g迎,所以C選項(xiàng)“不受當(dāng)?shù)厝藲g迎”正確,A選項(xiàng)“與當(dāng)?shù)厝讼嗵幦谇ⅰ卞e(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“從一開(kāi)始就被當(dāng)?shù)厝司芙^”:根據(jù)第一段第一句AyoungcoupleemigratedsometimeagofromGreecetoEnglandandwasinvitedtobecomeamemberofalocalclub.(一對(duì)年輕夫婦不久前從希臘移民到英國(guó),并被邀請(qǐng)成為當(dāng)?shù)鼐銟?lè)部的一員。),可知一開(kāi)始這對(duì)希臘夫婦是被歡迎的,故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“厭倦與當(dāng)?shù)厝舜蚪坏馈蔽闹袥](méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第五、六句Asallanimalbeings,humanbeingsalsohaveadefinedspacearoundtheirbodies,whichtheyconsiderasvitalandtheyprotectasifitweretheirprivateproperty.Thisspaceiscalled“intimacyzone”andonlypeoplewhoareemotionallyclosetothepersonareallowedtoenterthiszone.(作為動(dòng)物,人類在自己的身體周圍也有一個(gè)特定的空間,他們認(rèn)為這是至關(guān)重要的,他們像保護(hù)自己的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)一樣保護(hù)它。這個(gè)空間被稱為“親密區(qū)”,只有在情感上與對(duì)方親近的人才可以進(jìn)入這個(gè)區(qū)域。),可知所有動(dòng)物都有“親密區(qū)”,對(duì)人而言是身體周圍的空間,“親密區(qū)”很重要,且只對(duì)親近的人開(kāi)放,所以C選項(xiàng)“它被視為私人且重要”正確,A選項(xiàng)“這是人類獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“它指的是人們居住的空間”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它可以用來(lái)區(qū)分朋友和敵人”文章沒(méi)有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句ThetwoGreeksfeltquitecomfortableatadistanceof25-30cmfromtheothers,withoutknowingthatthisdistancewasconsideredbytheEnglishasan“invasion”oftheir“intimacyzone.”(兩名希臘人對(duì)彼此25-30厘米的距離感到很舒服,卻不知道英國(guó)人會(huì)把這個(gè)距離視為對(duì)他們“親密區(qū)”的“入侵”。),可知希臘人覺(jué)得25-30厘米的距離是舒服的,所以B選項(xiàng)“希臘人的舒適距離”正確,A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人的舒適距離”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人認(rèn)為粗魯和冷漠”和D選項(xiàng)“希臘人認(rèn)為粗魯和冷漠”;根據(jù)第二段最后一句And,conversely,thetwoGreekswerethinkingthattheirnewEnglishfriendswererudeandcoldbecausetheyconstantlykeptmovingawayfromthemallthetime,tryingtomaintainasafedistance.(相反,這兩個(gè)希臘人認(rèn)為他們的英國(guó)新朋友既粗魯又冷漠,因?yàn)樗麄円恢痹谶h(yuǎn)離他們,試圖保持安全的距離。),可知這里指的是希臘人因?yàn)橛?guó)人在遠(yuǎn)離他們而覺(jué)得他們粗魯和冷漠,跟25-30厘米的距離沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段Itseemsthatforthosewhotravelabroadthesafestruleisthat“WhenyouareinRome,doastheRomansdo”,evenifthatmeansthatyouhavetocontrolyourfriendlyattitudesoastoadjustyourbodylanguagetotheculturalstandardsofthecountrywhichyouarein.(看來(lái),出國(guó)旅行最安全的規(guī)則是“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”,即使這意味著你必須控制你的友好態(tài)度,把你的肢體語(yǔ)言調(diào)整到符合你所在國(guó)家的文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。),可知出國(guó)旅行按照所在國(guó)家的規(guī)則行事是最安全的,所以D選項(xiàng)“遵守東道國(guó)的規(guī)則”正確,A選項(xiàng)“多使用肢體語(yǔ)言”,B選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn)出友好的態(tài)度”和C選項(xiàng)“談話時(shí)避免身體接觸”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段由希臘和英國(guó)的文化沖突引出“親密區(qū)”的概念,第二段由“親密區(qū)”的概念具體講述英國(guó)和希臘的社交文化差異,第三段比較不同地域的人的文化差異,最后一段給出處理不同文化差異的建議,所以D選項(xiàng)“分析文化差異造成的誤解”正確,A選項(xiàng)“為出國(guó)旅游的人提供旅游建議”,B選項(xiàng)“解釋為什么人類有親密地帶”和C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)肢體語(yǔ)言在交際中的作用”是文章的一部分,不能概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite()qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。Unbiased公正的,無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的;manipulated熟練控制的;distorted扭歪的,受到曲解的;conveyed傳達(dá)的,傳輸?shù)?。句中“qualifiedsourcesofinformation”應(yīng)該指合格的信息,故A項(xiàng)unbiased“公正不偏不倚的”符合邏輯。

7.單選題

Givingagiftcanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir(

)andtheimportanceyouplaceupontherelationship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.solidarity

B.priority

C.superiority

D.hospitality

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)solidarity“團(tuán)結(jié)”;B選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先”;C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越,優(yōu)越性”;D選項(xiàng)hospitality“熱情”,句子的主語(yǔ)是“givingagift贈(zèng)送禮物”,about介詞,意思是“關(guān)于”,根據(jù)空格前后是一個(gè)of短語(yǔ)的所有格結(jié)構(gòu),這里判斷空格部分單詞意思為“熱情,好客”,句意為:贈(zèng)送禮物能表達(dá)你對(duì)別人盛情款待的感激之情和你對(duì)別人的重視。和選項(xiàng)D意思接近。

8.單選題

Inthatcountry,apersonwhomarriesbeforelegalagemusthaveaparent’ssanctiontoobtainalicense.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.approval

C.malignance

D.affirmation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù);證明;正當(dāng)理由;委任狀”;B選項(xiàng)approval“批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可;贊成”;C選項(xiàng)malignance“惡意,惡性”;D選項(xiàng)affirmation“主張,肯定;斷言”。句意:在那個(gè)國(guó)家,未到法定年齡結(jié)婚的人必須得到父母的批準(zhǔn)才能獲得結(jié)婚證。本句關(guān)鍵詞sanction表示“制裁,處罰;認(rèn)可;支持”,可和approval做同義替換;因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TomorrowmorningIwillhaveto()aconference.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.join

B.takepart

C.attendto

D.participatein

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)join“加入;參加”;B選項(xiàng)takepart“參與,參加”;C選項(xiàng)attendto“注意;照料”D選項(xiàng)participatein“參加;分享”。句意:明天早上我要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。A,B,D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均有“參加”的意思,但是join多指參加某組織,成為其中的一個(gè)成員,takepart和participatein一般是說(shuō)參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng),而takepart比participatein更有主動(dòng)的感覺(jué),且側(cè)重參加某項(xiàng)群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng),突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。Participate是正式用詞,特指參加團(tuán)體活動(dòng),暗示以一個(gè)積極的角色參加。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourse.Usuallyitisleftto(1)todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,

(2)nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievementsofstudentswho

(3)timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLUSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly

(4)jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside(5)qualifications.

“Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunchbutwefoundthattheydidn't

(6)appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid(7)thelecturehall,”saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity.“Employersaremuchmore

(8)thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor(9)andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare(10)tothejob."

Studentswhosign(11)fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor(12)work,attendfourworkshopsonemployability-skill,takepartinanintensiveskill-relatedactivity,

(13)crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.

(14)effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho(15)bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPLUSAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.

Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe(16)

organized."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,'saysGoodman.“

(17)onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso(18)negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives.”

Goodmanhopesthe

(19)willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active

(20)

totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advisors

B.specialist

C.critics

D.employers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.but

C.unless

D.since

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.divide

B.devote

C.deliver

D.donate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.harmonious

B.competitive

C.resourceful

D.prosperous

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.technical

C.academic

D.interactive

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.dominantly

B.earnestly

C.necessarily

D.gracefully

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.outside

B.along

C.over

D.through

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.considerate

C.enlightening

D.demanding

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.initial

C.popularity

D.potential

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.relevant

B.responsive

C.reluctant

D.respective

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.off

C.away

D.up

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.elective

C.domestic

D.voluntary

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.thus

C.so

D.and

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.Occasional

B.Exceptional

C.Informative

D.Relative

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.convey

C.circulate

D.formulate

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.roughly

B.randomly

C.formally

D.fortunately

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.Forinstance

B.Inessence

C.Incontrast

D.Ofcourse

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.demonstrated

B.determined

C.operated

D.involved

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.device

B.section

C.scheme

D.distraction

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.attendants

B.agents

C.members

D.peers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】(1)詞義辨析。advisors‘顧問(wèn),指導(dǎo)教授,勸告者;’specialist‘專家;’critics‘評(píng)論家;批評(píng)者;’employers‘雇主;’本文談?wù)摯髮W(xué)生課外實(shí)踐與就業(yè)的關(guān)系,根據(jù)空格后的關(guān)鍵部分“onagraduate'sresume在畢業(yè)生的簡(jiǎn)歷上”可知,D選項(xiàng)“雇主”正確。

(2)邏輯詞。根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容‘長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),有組織的志愿活動(dòng)和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)一直是大學(xué)學(xué)位課程的重要伴侶。通常情況下,由雇主從畢業(yè)生的簡(jiǎn)歷上列出的課外經(jīng)歷中推斷出他們的潛力,現(xiàn)在布里斯托爾大學(xué)推出了一項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),以正式確定學(xué)生的成就?!?,以及關(guān)鍵詞“usually通?!焙汀皀ow現(xiàn)在"之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系,確定B項(xiàng)“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比正確。

(3)固定搭配。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境,此處表示“花費(fèi)時(shí)間干什么事”,且介詞to后面是名詞,B選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成搭配“devote...to...把…用于…,投入….”,所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

(4)詞義辨析。harmonious‘和諧的,和睦的;協(xié)調(diào)的;’competitive‘競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的,有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的,有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的;’resourceful‘資源豐富的;足智多謀的;’prosperous‘繁榮的;興旺的;’此處句意是“BristolPLUS旨在通過(guò)幫助學(xué)生獲得工作和生活技能來(lái)增強(qiáng)他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)市場(chǎng)的……”,因此,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,B項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的”正確。

(5)詞義辨析。artistic‘藝術(shù)的;風(fēng)雅的;有美感的;’technical‘工藝的,科技的;技術(shù)上的;’academic‘學(xué)術(shù)的;學(xué)院的;’interactive‘交互式的;相互作用的;’空格處修飾名詞qualifications“資格;合格證書(shū)”,而且與“workandlifeskills工作和生活技能”并列,所以C項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“academicqualifications學(xué)歷”符合搭配和語(yǔ)境。

(6)詞義辨析。dominantly‘有統(tǒng)治權(quán)地,支配地;’earnestly‘認(rèn)真地;誠(chéng)摯地;’necessarily‘必要地;必定地,必然地;’gracefully‘優(yōu)雅地;溫文地;’空格后表示“appreciatethevalue重視價(jià)值”,空格處的副詞要修飾動(dòng)詞“appreciate欣賞;感激;看重”,C選項(xiàng)“必要地”搭配合適,正確。

(7)介詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文以及本句“theydidn'tnecessarilyappreciatethevalueofwhattheydid…thelecturehall.大學(xué)生們沒(méi)有必要地看重他們?cè)谥v堂……所做的事情的價(jià)值”可知,此處填入介詞表示“在……之外”,即A選項(xiàng)正確。

(8)詞義辨析。generous‘慷慨的,大方的;寬宏大量的;’considerate‘體貼的;體諒的;考慮周到的;’enlightening‘使人領(lǐng)悟的,有啟發(fā)作用的;’demanding‘苛刻的,要求高的;’根據(jù)后面兩句中關(guān)于過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的狀況對(duì)比可知本句句意是‘現(xiàn)在比以前的要求更高一些,’D選項(xiàng)“要求高的;苛求的”正確。

(9)詞義辨析。origin‘起源;原點(diǎn);’initial‘詞首大寫字母’popularity‘普及,流行;名氣;’potential‘潛力,潛能’根據(jù)后文“sawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills將其視為他們工作的一部分,以獲得申請(qǐng)人的技能價(jià)值”可知,it是指代前文空格處的內(nèi)容,D選項(xiàng)“潛力”符合語(yǔ)境。

(10)詞義辨析題。relevant‘相關(guān)的;切題的;中肯的;’responsive‘響應(yīng)的;應(yīng)答的;’reluctant‘不情愿的;勉強(qiáng)的;’respective‘分別的,各自的;’根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境,此處表達(dá)的是雇主希望學(xué)生們能夠解釋為什么那些技能與工作是相關(guān)的,所以A選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)的”正確。

(11)固定搭配?!皊ignupfor選課;報(bào)名參加”符合語(yǔ)境和搭配,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(12)詞義辨析。casual‘臨時(shí)的,非正式的,隨便的;’elective‘選修的,選任的;’domestic‘國(guó)內(nèi)的,家用的,家庭的;’voluntary‘自愿的;志愿的;自發(fā)的;’根據(jù)文章首句可知,此處是首句信息復(fù)現(xiàn)‘有組織的志愿活動(dòng)和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)’,所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

(13)邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“crucially關(guān)鍵的是……”以及后文句意“寫一份他們所獲技能的簡(jiǎn)介”可知,此處前后的邏輯關(guān)系表示并列或遞進(jìn),D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。

(14)詞義辨析。Occasional‘偶然的,臨時(shí)的;’Exceptional‘優(yōu)越的;杰出的,例外的;’Informative‘提供有用信息的;教育性的;’Relative‘相對(duì)的;有關(guān)系的;’根據(jù)后文“OutstandingAchievementAward杰出成就獎(jiǎng)”可知,空格處修飾“efforts努力”最為合適的是B項(xiàng)“優(yōu)越的;杰出的”。

(15)詞義辨析。perform‘執(zhí)行;表現(xiàn);完成;’convey‘傳達(dá);運(yùn)輸;’circulate‘使循環(huán);使流通;’formulate‘規(guī)劃;用公式表示;’此處表示“在體育方面做得很好的人”,A選項(xiàng)“表現(xiàn),完成”正確。

(16)詞義辨析。roughly‘粗糙地;概略地;’randomly‘隨便地,任意地;’formally‘正規(guī)地,正式地;’fortunately‘幸運(yùn)地;’此處的副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“organized組織的”,根據(jù)上下文可知,此處表示“經(jīng)歷不一定要正式組織的活動(dòng)”,C選項(xiàng)“正規(guī)地,正式地;”符合。

(17)固定搭配。Forinstance‘例如,比如;’Inessence‘本質(zhì)上,大體上;’Incontrast‘與此相反;’ofcourse‘一定,當(dāng)然;’前一句說(shuō)“We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills.我們不是只對(duì)能夠被簡(jiǎn)單確認(rèn)的(學(xué)生的)技能感興趣”,后一句談及‘一個(gè)學(xué)生不僅善于應(yīng)對(duì)一個(gè)麻煩的房東,而且也擅長(zhǎng)談判的技巧’,所以后文是對(duì)前文的例子體現(xiàn),A選項(xiàng)正確。

(18)詞義辨析。demonstrated‘演示,展示;示范;’determined‘決定;斷定;’operated‘運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);動(dòng)手術(shù);起作用;’involved‘包含;牽涉;使陷于;’空格處與“tooktheleadin...在……方面擅長(zhǎng)/領(lǐng)頭”并列,以及根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“談判技巧”可知,A選項(xiàng)“展示;示范;表明”符合搭配,正確。

(19)詞義辨析。device‘裝置;策略;設(shè)備;’section‘部分;部門;地區(qū);’scheme‘計(jì)劃,規(guī)劃;’distraction‘注意力分散;消遣;’根據(jù)后文“fillinanygaps填補(bǔ)空白”可知,空格處是指前文談及到的一些與生活相關(guān)的內(nèi)容等,所以C項(xiàng)“規(guī)劃”符合語(yǔ)境。

(20)詞義辨析。attendants‘服務(wù)員;侍者;’agents‘代理人,代理商;’members‘成員;會(huì)員;’peers‘同僚;同伴;’空格處對(duì)應(yīng)的是前文的“students學(xué)生”,所以D選項(xiàng)“同僚;同伴”符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

MissHelenalwaysbuys(

)pricedclothes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.higher

B.high

C.highest

D.highly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:海倫小姐經(jīng)常買高價(jià)的衣服。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Researchuniversitieshavehelpeddriveinnovationfordecades,(

)developmentofeverythingfromjetenginestotheInternet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spurting

B.crediting

C.insinuating

D.preserving

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。spurt“噴射;噴出”;credit“相信,歸因于,記在……的賬上,給……記學(xué)分(或?qū)W時(shí))”;insinuate“暗示,使?jié)撊?,使逐漸產(chǎn)生”;preserve“保護(hù);保持;腌制”。由句中“developmentofeverythingfromjetenginestotheInternet從噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一切的開(kāi)發(fā)”確定C選項(xiàng)“使逐漸產(chǎn)生”符合句意‘研究型大學(xué)在數(shù)十年里已幫助推進(jìn)了革新,從而逐漸產(chǎn)生了從噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一切的開(kāi)發(fā)。’。

13.填空題

A:Didyouhaveaniceholiday?

B:No,Itwas(1)!Itrainedalmosteverydayandwe(2)hardlyeatthe

foodatthehotel.

A:I’m(3)tohearthat.Betterlucknexttime!

【答案】1.awful

2.could

3.sorry

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。Awful糟糕的,可怕的。

2.語(yǔ)法題。此句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞eat,因此此處填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could比較合適。

3.常用語(yǔ)。I’msorrytohearthat很遺憾聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息。

14.單選題

Thechiefdrawbackoftheadeno-associatedvirusisthatitissmall,carryingonlytwogenesinitsnaturalstate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.feature

B.concern

C.defect

D.barrier

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.feature特色,特征B.concern(尤指許多人共同的)擔(dān)心,憂慮

C.defect缺點(diǎn),缺陷,毛病(某事物或其制造方式上的錯(cuò)誤,意味著不完美)D.barrier屏障,障礙物

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】drawback的意思為“缺點(diǎn),不利條件(使某事物失去吸引力的缺點(diǎn)或問(wèn)題)”,這里指的是腺病毒群的缺點(diǎn),defect與之詞義相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】腺病毒群的主要缺點(diǎn)是體積小,在自然狀態(tài)下只攜帶兩個(gè)基因。

15.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.

Outline:

1.現(xiàn)在社會(huì)上的假文憑屢見(jiàn)不鮮。

2.如何杜絕假文憑現(xiàn)象?

【答案】HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas

Inthelastfewyears,thephenomenonoffakediplomasismoreserious.Plentyofpeopleusefakediplomasto

findagoodjob.Besidesthelowcostofthefakediplomasappealslotsofpeoplewhohavenotreceivedhighereducationwhichmakefakediplomasbecomemorecommon.

Fakediplomasdoharmtobothemployersandpersonswhohaverealdiplomas.Ifemployersappointemployeeswhoarenotqualifiedforacertainposition,theircompaniesmaysufferheavylosses,evenfacehugecrisis.Besides,it’sunfairforpeoplewithrealdiplomaswhenthosewhobuyfakediplomasdonotpayanyeffortsandmoneyinhighereducation.Soitistimetodealwiththefakeevent.

Tobeginwith,governmentshouldreleasesomelawstopunishthosepeoplewhofabricateandbuythefakediplomastolimitthefakeevent.Inaddition,theuniversitycanmaketheirdiplomaswithspecialmaterialtolimitthefakediplomas’spreading.Furthermore,universitiesshouldmatchupthecompaniestochecktherecordofformalschoolingoftheiremployees.Inthoseways,thefakeeventsmaybecontrolled.

16.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural()ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:他們認(rèn)為,女人是道德的天然,但我不認(rèn)同。guardians守護(hù)者、保護(hù)人;guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)、禁衛(wèi)軍;guides引導(dǎo)、向?qū)?;soldiers軍人。故選A。

17.單選題

Hisofficeis()tothePresident’s;itusuallytakeshimaboutthreeminutestogetthere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.adhesive

C.adherent

D.adjacent

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)relatedto“相關(guān),有聯(lián)系”;B選項(xiàng)adhesiveto“粘合,黏附”;C選項(xiàng)adherentto“堅(jiān)持于”;D選項(xiàng)adjacentto“鄰近,毗鄰”,句意:他的辦公室離總統(tǒng)的很近,花大約三分鐘就可以到,所以選D。

18.單選題

I’dratheryou()bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wouldrather后接句子時(shí),句子謂語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望。句意:我寧愿你坐火車去,因?yàn)槲覠o(wú)法忍受你在這種糟糕的天氣還要乘飛機(jī)的想法。動(dòng)詞go的一般過(guò)去式為went,故選A。

19.單選題

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefs

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