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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-平?jīng)雎殬I(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro.”Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black.”Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.

Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm“Black”carriedconnotations(涵義)thatweremorenegativethanthoseof“AfricanAmerican.”

Butifitwasknownthat“Black”peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom“AfricanAmericans,”researchers,untilnow,hadn’tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity’sErikaHall,foundthat“Black”peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan“AfricanAmericans”becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,“Black”peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcolderpersonalities.

Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.Evenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaresume,itappears,cantapintorecruiters'biases.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliationswithgroupssuchasthe“WisconsinAssociationofAfrican-AmericanLawyers”orthe“NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation,”thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers,control.

Inoneofthestudy’sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdescriptionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewasidentifiedas“African-American,”andanotherwastoldhewas“Black”Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMr.Williams’salary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground.

The“African-American”groupestimatedthatheearnedabout$37,000ayearandbadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The“Black”group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout$29.000,andguessedthathehadonly“some”collegeexperience.Nearlythree-quartersofthefirstgroupguessedthatMr.Williamsworkedatamanageriallevel,whileonly38.5percentofthesecondgroupthoughtso.

Hall’sfindingssuggestthere’sanargumenttobemadeforelectingtouse“AfricanAmerican,”thoughonecan’thelpbutgetthesensethatit’sadecisionthatpapersovertheurgencyofcontinuedprogress.Perhapsanewphraseisneeded,onethatcanbringeveryoneonebigstepclosertorealizingDuBois’original,idealistichope:“It’snotthename—it’sthethingthatcounts.”

11.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm“AfricanAmerican”forpeopleofAfricandescent?

12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenamingofanethnicgroup?

13.WhatdoErikaHall’sfindingsindicate?

14.WhatdoesErikaHallfindinherexperimentaboutamanwiththelastnameWilliams?

15.WhatisDr.DuBois’sideal?

問題1選項

A.Itisfreefromracialbiases.

B.Itrepresentssocialprogress.

C.ItisintheinterestofcommonAmericans.

D.Itfollowsthestandardnamingpractice.

問題2選項

A.Itadvanceswiththetimes.

B.Itisbasedonracialroots.

C.Itmeritsintensivestudy.

D.Itispoliticallysensitive.

問題3選項

A.Racialbiasesarewidespreadintheprofessionalworld,

B.Manyapplicantsdon’tattendtodetailsontheirresumes.

C.Jobseekersshouldallbecarefulabouttheiraffiliations.

D.Mostrecruitersareunabletocontroltheirracialbiases.

問題4選項

A.AfricanAmericansfarebetterthanmanyotherethnicgroups.

B.Blackpeople’ssocioeconomicstatusinAmericaremainslow.

C.People’sconceptionofapersonhasmuchtodowiththewayheorsheislabeled.

D.One’sprofessionalstandingandincomearerelatedtotheireducationalbackground.

問題5選項

A.AllAmericansenjoyequalrights.

B.Apersonisjudgedbytheirworth.

C.AnewtermiscreatedtoaddressAfricanAmericans.

D.Allethnicgroupssharethenation’scontinuedprogress.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】11.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第一二句話JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.“杰西?杰克遜(JesseJackson)宣稱,“非裔美國人”是一個值得擁抱的詞。之所以選擇這個詞,是因為它呼應(yīng)了一些群體的標(biāo)簽,比如“意大利裔美國人”和“愛爾蘭裔美國人”,這些群體已經(jīng)擺脫了廣泛的歧視?!保瑥倪@里可以看出答案選A“它沒有種族偏見”;

B選項“它代表社會進(jìn)步”,定位到第二段第一句話Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.“一個世紀(jì)以來精心設(shè)計的名字變化表明,為任何組織命名都是一項充滿政治意味的活動”,名稱并沒有展現(xiàn)社會進(jìn)步而是具有政治意味,所以B選項不選,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“這符合普通美國人的利益”,文章沒有提及屬于無中生有;

D選項“它遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的命名慣例”,文章沒有提及屬于無中生有。

12.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第二段第一句話Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.“一個世紀(jì)以來精心設(shè)計的名字變化表明,為任何組織命名都是一項充滿政治意味的活動”從這里可以知道答案選D選項“政治敏感”;

A選項“它是與時俱進(jìn)的”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項“它基于種族根源”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“它值得深入研究”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

13.事實細(xì)節(jié)題,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵人名ErikaHall定位到第四段第一句話Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.“這項研究最引人注目的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了職場中普遍存在的種族偏見。”,由此可知答案選A選項“在職業(yè)領(lǐng)域,種族偏見很普遍”;

B選項“許多求職者不注意簡歷上的細(xì)節(jié)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“求職者都應(yīng)該小心他們的關(guān)系”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“大多數(shù)招聘人員無法控制他們的種族偏見”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

14.判斷推理題,第一步,尋找上下文線索,根據(jù)實驗內(nèi)容,同樣是威廉,一組被暗示是非裔美國人,一組直接被告知是黑人,實驗結(jié)果顯示兩組對同一個人的猜測則完全不同的,所以C選項“人們對一個人的看法與他或她被貼上的標(biāo)簽有很大關(guān)系”符合題意;

A選項“非裔美國人比許多其他種族的人過得更好”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有所以不選;

B選項“黑人在美國的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位仍然很低”,見正確選項,兩個對照組預(yù)測對象不是不同種族的威廉而是不同標(biāo)簽的黑人威廉,屬于偷換概念,所以不選;

D選項“一個人的職業(yè)地位和收入與他們的教育背景有關(guān)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有所以不選。

15.判斷推理題。尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到最后一段最后一句It'snotthename—it'sthethingthatcounts“重要的不是名字,而是所做的事情”,從這里可知杜波依斯的想法是用一個人所做的事情來評判一個人,而不是用他的名字,所以答案選B選項“一個人是由他的價值來判斷的”;

A選項“所有美國人都享有平等的權(quán)利”,文章探討了非洲血統(tǒng)的美國人被稱為“黑人”和“非裔美國人”時人們的不同態(tài)度,沒有涉及種族壓迫或者歧視,這里屬于推理過度;

C選項“一個新的術(shù)語被創(chuàng)造來稱呼非裔美國人”,從這里可知怎么稱呼黑人沒有那么重要,這里屬于反向干擾;

D選項“各民族共同進(jìn)步”,文章探討了非洲血統(tǒng)的美國人被稱為"黑人"和"非裔美國人"時人們的不同態(tài)度,沒有提到其他民族,這里屬于無中生有。

2.單選題

Itwassucha(n)(

)whenPatandMikemeteachotherinTokyo.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.

問題1選項

A.occurrence

B.coincidence

C.fancy

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。occurrence“發(fā)生,事件”;coincidence“巧合,一致”;fancy“幻想,想象力”;destiny“命運,天命”。句意:派特和邁克能在東京偶遇是多么巧合的一件事。倆人都以為對方在香港。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Helookedpale,tiredanddepressed,foralthoughhehadbeenworkingforfifteen()daysontheproject,hisbosswasstillfarfrombeingsatisfiedwiththeresult.

問題1選項

A.consecutive

B.continuous

C.consequent

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項consecutive“連貫的;連續(xù)不斷的(中間沒有停頓的)”;B選項continuous“持續(xù)的;繼續(xù)的(中間是可以間斷的)”;C選項consequent“隨之發(fā)生的;作為結(jié)果的”;D選項controversial“有爭議的;有爭論的”。句意:他臉色蒼白、疲倦且沮喪,因為盡管他在這個項目上連續(xù)不斷地工作了15天,但是他的老板對結(jié)果仍很不滿意。根據(jù)句意可知A選項正確。

4.單選題

Techniquesthatcreateanatmosphereofsuspensearecommonlyusedbyfilmmakersto()theiraudience.

問題1選項

A.harass

B.applaud

C.excite

D.arrest

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項harass“騷擾”;B選項applaud“贊同;稱贊”;C選項excite“使興奮;刺激”D選項arrest“逮捕”。句意:電影制作者經(jīng)常用制造懸念氣氛的技巧來刺激觀眾。因此C項符合句意。

5.單選題

AtdawnonSeptember5th,1972,abandof“BlackSeptember”ArabguerrillasbrokeintotheIsraelibuildingintheOlympicvillagenearMunichwhere10,000athleteswerestaying.Over250plainclothespolicehadbeenbroughtintothevillage,followingatip-offtroubleahead,butnoneofthemsawtheArabsscalethefence.TheyburstintotheIsraelibuildingwithsubmachinegunsblazingat5:10am.SomeIsraeliathletesescapedthroughthewindowsandsidedoors.Nineweretakenhostage.Theguerrillasdemandedthereleaseof200PalestiniansheldinIsraelijailsandasafepassageoutofGermany.WithinhourstheOlympicvillagewassurroundedby13,000police.TheOlympicGamesweresuspended.Aftersomenegotiations,theterroristsweretoldtheywouldbeflownwiththeirhostagestoanArabcountry.TheyweretakenbyhelicoptertotheFurstenfieldmilitaryairport25milesfromMunich.JustbeforemidnighttheguerrillasandtheirhostagesbegantowalkacrossthetarmactoawaitingBoeing727aircraft.SuddenlyalltheairportlightswereturnedoutandGermanpolicesharpshootersopenedfire.Therescueattemptfailedtragically.Inthegunbattleallninehostages,werekilled,aswellasfourArabsandonepoliceman.ThreeArabswerecapturedandoneescapedintothenearbywoods.Onthe8th,IsraeliplanesbombedtenguerrillabasesinrevengeforMunichmassacre.

1.ThemostpossiblereasonforIsraeliathletesbeingattackedandkidnappedisthat(

).

2.Whenthetroubletookplace,theOlympicGames(

).

3.Theterroristsweretoldthattheywouldbeprobablysentbyairto

).

4.HowmanyArabswerethereasterrorists?

5.WhatdoyouthinkPalestineandIsraelwouldactnext?

問題1選項

A.theyhadaconflictwiththeArabguerrillas

B.theArabguerrillaswantedtosavethePalestiniansheldinIsraelijails.

C.theGermanGovernmenthatedIsrael

D.theArabguerrillashopedtogetalargesumofmoney

問題2選項

A.werecompleted

B.weregoingon

C.weretobefinished

D.weretotakeplace

問題3選項

A.Italy

B.India

C.Syria

D.Nigeria

問題4選項

A.Seven

B.Eight

C.Nine

D.Itwasn’tmentioned

問題5選項

A.Theywouldbeginanotherconflict.

B.Theywouldbegintonegotiate

C.Theywouldtrytoimproveeachother’srelation

D.TheywouldturntoUN.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章指出:Theguerrillasdemandedthereleaseof200PalestiniansheldinIsraelijailsandasafepassageoutofGermany(這些游擊隊員要求釋放被關(guān)押在以色列監(jiān)獄的200名巴勒斯坦人并安全地離開德國),因此B項“這些阿拉伯游擊隊員想解救被關(guān)押在以色列監(jiān)獄的巴勒斯坦人”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文中“TheOlympicGamesweresuspended(奧運會被暫停)”可知當(dāng)時奧運會正在進(jìn)行。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。文章指出:Aftersomenegotiations,theterroristsweretoldtheywouldbeflownwiththeirhostagestoanArabcountry(經(jīng)過一些協(xié)商,恐怖分子們被告知他們和其人質(zhì)將被用飛機送到一個阿拉伯國家),四個選項中,只有C項“敘利亞”屬于阿拉伯國家。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文中指出:Inthegunbattleallninehostageswerekilled,aswellasfourArabsandonepoliceman.ThreeArabswerecapturedandoneescapedintothenearbywoods(槍戰(zhàn)中9名人質(zhì)全被打死,4名阿拉伯恐怖分子和一名警察也被殺。三名阿拉伯恐怖分子被捕,其中一名阿拉伯恐怖分子逃入附近的樹林)。因此槍戰(zhàn)中一共8個阿拉伯恐怖分子。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章指出:Onthe8th,IsraeliplanesbombedtenguerrillabasesinrevengeforMunichmassacre(8號,以色列的飛機轟炸了10個游擊隊基地來報復(fù)慕尼黑的屠殺)。因此推測A項“他們將開始另外一場沖突”正確。

6.單選題

Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreatdespairto(

)theirlives.

問題1選項

A.overflow

B.scatter

C.permeate

D.manipulate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。overflow“使溢出”;scatter“散播;散開”;permeate“彌漫;充滿”;manipulate“操級;操作”。句意:領(lǐng)導(dǎo)去世的消息使得絕望的心情彌漫在他們生活中。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Theteacherwroteabriefcommentinthe()toshowthestudentwhyitwaswrong.

問題1選項

A.manual

B.margin

C.edge

D.verge

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。manual"手冊,指南";margin"頁邊空白;邊緣;余地",一般指書的邊緣;edge"邊緣;刀刃;優(yōu)勢"一般指懸崖邊上;verge"邊,邊緣,界線",常見用法為onthevergeof,意為瀕臨于。句意:老師在頁邊空白處寫了簡短的評語,向?qū)W生說明為什么錯了。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Itisironicthatthe_______insightsofthegreatthinkersarevoicedsooftenthattheyhavebecomemere_______.

問題1選項

A.original...cliches

B.banal...beliefs

C.dubious...habits

D.philosophical...questions

【答案】A

【解析】original...cliches原始的,獨創(chuàng)的陳詞濫調(diào);banal...beliefs陳腐的信仰;dubious…h(huán)abits可疑的習(xí)慣;philosophical...questions哲學(xué)的問題。句意:具有諷刺意味的是,偉大思想家的獨到見解經(jīng)常被人提出,以至于成為陳詞濫調(diào)。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis()home.

問題1選項

A.humble

B.obscure

C.inferior

D.lower

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項humble“謙遜的,簡陋的”,B項obscure“昏暗的,晦澀的”,C項inferior“自卑的,下等的”,D項lower“下方的,下級的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞home(家,住宅)可知,空格處填入“簡陋的”最合適。句意:在信中,我的朋友說他很愿意我在他簡陋的家里做客。因此,該題A項正確。

10.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor(1)toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful(2)ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem(3)theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand(4)ofmosthighways,the(5)oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily(6)forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation(7)arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate(8)inmanyways,forthe(9)ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest(10)ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda(11),suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable(12),butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices(13),sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis(14)toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof(15)infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by(16)taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso(17)theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto(18)andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs(19)certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto(20)betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

問題1選項

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問題2選項

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

問題3選項

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

問題4選項

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

問題5選項

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

問題6選項

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

問題7選項

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

問題8選項

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

問題9選項

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

問題10選項

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

問題11選項

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

問題12選項

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

問題13選項

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

問題14選項

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

問題15選項

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

問題16選項

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

問題17選項

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

問題18選項

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

問題19選項

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

問題20選項

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大鏡”;horror“恐怖”;economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)”。文章開頭第一句就講到消費者與生產(chǎn)者會對經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生影響,由此可以推出文章接下來要講另一個影響因素,只有D符合題意。

2.考查詞匯辨析。elevation”海撥,提高”;emotion“情感、情緒”;election“選舉”;powerfuleffect“強大的影響力”,選項C符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏離、分叉”;clamp“夾住”。郵政系統(tǒng)屬于服務(wù)行業(yè),故選擇B“服務(wù)”。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃燒、氧化”;commence“開始,著手”;maintenance“維修;維護(hù)”高速公路除了建設(shè),還需要對其進(jìn)行保養(yǎng),才保證正常使用。選項D符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。commonplace“老生常談、司空見慣的事”;conductivity“導(dǎo)電性”;consequence“結(jié)果,后果”。高速公路建設(shè)與保養(yǎng)問題,涉及一個歸屬與責(zé)任權(quán)的問題,句中提到individualstates(各個州)。由此可知選B(責(zé)任)符合題意。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。console“安慰”;compact“壓縮、壓緊”;bracket“把...歸入同一類”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment(公共教育系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)的資金由聯(lián)邦政府提供)。由此可知,接下來繼續(xù)談?wù)撡M用的承擔(dān)問題。選項C(支付)符合題意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“聯(lián)合抵制”;budget“預(yù)算”;charter”憲章、特許狀”;

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services(警察局、消防部門、衛(wèi)生局)。故選擇A。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。banquet“宴會”;boom“興旺,繁榮”;arena“舞臺”;enterprise“企業(yè)”。文章是講政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮的作用,推動經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展很大程度上取決于企業(yè)的發(fā)展,句中business:此處理解為企業(yè)。選項D符合題意。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。assertion“斷言、聲明”;asset“資產(chǎn),財產(chǎn)”;assumption“假定,假設(shè)”。政府實施對企業(yè)的管理是為了達(dá)到某一目的,故選擇B(目的,企圖)。

10.考查名詞詞義辨析。admiration”欽佩,贊賞”;adoption“采用,收養(yǎng)”;accuracy“精確度,準(zhǔn)確性”。政府指導(dǎo)企業(yè)的發(fā)展,讓企業(yè)在盈利的同時,也需要滿足全社會的利益,故選擇B(利益)。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”廢除,廢止”;morality“道德,品行”。企業(yè)為了個人利益難免會壟斷某個行業(yè),Regulationisnecessaryinareas:政府在某些行業(yè)采取調(diào)控是有必要的。故得知選擇A(壟斷)。

12.考查名詞詞義辨析。proximity“接近,鄰近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸懷,乳房”。

企業(yè)要生存就必須盈利,故選擇D(利潤)。

13.考查副詞詞義辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企業(yè)為了賺得更多的利潤,會打價格戰(zhàn),會惡意提高價格,故選擇B(不公平地)。

14.考查動詞詞義辨析。broaden“擴(kuò)大,變寬”;bankrupt“破產(chǎn)”;exemplify”例證,例示”。control此處理解為調(diào)控,而這一行為是需要實施,故選擇A(運用,執(zhí)行)。

15.考查名詞詞義辨析。faculty“科,系”;quantity“量,數(shù)量”;fragment“碎片,片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood:食品藥品管理局禁止生產(chǎn)有害藥品,提出食品加工的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),由此可知選擇C(質(zhì)量)。

16.考查動詞詞義辨析。applaud“贊同,鼓掌”;assess“評定,估計”;ascend“上升,攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...:調(diào)控經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱和過度衰退,抑制通貨膨脹。要解決這些問題需要采用一些經(jīng)濟(jì)手段,如:調(diào)整稅率,貨幣發(fā)行量(themoneysupply),故選擇D(調(diào)整)。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。accommodate“適應(yīng),調(diào)解”;adhere“堅持”;affirm“肯定,斷言”。運用經(jīng)濟(jì)手段(調(diào)整稅率、貨幣發(fā)行量),會對經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生一定影響,故選擇A(影響)。

18.考查名詞詞義辨析。beverage“飲料”;bondage“束縛,奴役”;botany“植物學(xué)”。individual:個人,政府要保證個體利益也需要照顧全局,由此可以得知選擇B(企業(yè))。

19.考查動詞詞義辨析。Perplex“困惑,為難”;perturb“擾亂”;plunder”搶奪,搶劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;為了企業(yè)的更好的發(fā)展,可以允許減免某些企業(yè)的稅收,故選擇B(允許)。

20.考查動詞詞義辨析。compensate“補償、賠償”;confront“面對,遭遇”;console“安慰,慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods(美國產(chǎn)品、外國產(chǎn)品),可得知國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品與外國產(chǎn)品為了爭得市場,必然存在競爭,故選D(競爭)。

11.單選題

Totestthe(

)ofborrowingfromonefieldofstudytoenrichanother,simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother.

問題1選項

A.universality

B.rate

C.decorum

D.efficacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。universality普遍性;廣泛性;一般性;多方面性;rate比率;速度;價格;等級;decorum禮儀;禮貌;端正;恪守禮儀;efficacy功效,有效性。句意:為了測試借用一個研究領(lǐng)域的內(nèi)容去充實另一個研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)容的有效性,要簡單地調(diào)查源于一個研究領(lǐng)域的術(shù)語在多大程度上可以自然地被其他研究領(lǐng)域所利用。由“simplyinvestigatetheextenttowhichtermsfromtheonemay,withoutforcing,beutilizedbytheother可知“有效性”符合。故D項正確。

12.單選題

Bothaperson’sheredityandhisenvironmenthelptoshapehischaracter.

問題1選項

A.family

B.education

C.nationality

D.surroundings

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項family“家庭”;B選項education“教育”;C選項nationality“國籍”;D選項surroundings“環(huán)境”。句意:一個人的遺傳和他所處的環(huán)境都有助于塑造他的性格。D選項與原文劃線詞詞義最接近,因此D選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Thatyoungwomantherewas

ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinoursupermarket.

問題1選項

A.before

B.preliminarily

C.formally

D.formerly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。Before“以前,過去”;preliminarily“初步地”;formally“正式地”;formerly“以前,原來”。句意:那個女人之前是店員;現(xiàn)在成了一家超市的經(jīng)理。選項D符合題意。

14.單選題

Therearemanykindsofmetals,______.

問題1選項

A.eachhavingitsspecialproperties

B.havingitsspecialproperties

C.onehasitsspecialproperties

D.eachhasitsspecialproperties

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesB.havingitsspecialproperties

C.onehasitsspecialpropertiesDeachhasitsspecialproperties

【答案】A

【考查點】獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

【解題思路】分析句子可知,therearemanykindsofmetals(金屬有很多種)是一個獨立完整的句子,而該句沒有并列連詞,所以空格處是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),即n./代詞+分詞/不定式,所以該題選擇A項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B項缺少主語;

C、D項是獨立的句子,而逗號不能連接兩個獨立完整的句子。

【句意】金屬有很多種,每一種都有它的特性。

15.單選題

Exactlyhowmanypeopleexperiencestress-relatedeatingisn'tknown,butastheobesity_______worsens,there'sgrowingscientificinterestinthetopic.

問題1選項

A.peregrination

B.origination

C.epidemic

D.fragrance

【答案】C

【解析】peregrination游歷,旅行;origination起源;epidemic(風(fēng)尚等的)流行,傳染病;fragrance芬芳,香氣。句意:到底有多少人經(jīng)歷過在壓力下進(jìn)食還不清楚,但是隨著肥胖的流行越來越嚴(yán)重,人們對這個話題的科學(xué)興趣也越來越大。選項C符合句意。

16.單選題

Thereisariskthat()chemicalsmightbeblastedintotheatmosphere.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.toxic

C.evil

D.vicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項destructive“破壞性的、毀滅性的”,B項toxic“有毒的”,C項evil“邪惡的”,D項vicious“惡毒的”;句意:毀滅性的化學(xué)物質(zhì)有在空中爆炸的危險。因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

ATIMEcolumnistbearswitnesstoanoperationtohelptripletswithcerebralpalsywalklikeotherboys.

CindyHickmannearlybledtodeaththedayshegavebirth—threemonthsprematurely—tohertripletsons.Weighinglessthan2lbseach,herbabieswerealive,butbarely.TheyclungsotenuouslytolifethatherdoctorsrecommendedshenamethemA,BandC.Then,afterayearofheroicinterventions—brainshunts,tracheotomies,skullremodeling—oftenrequiringemergencyhelicopterridestothehospitalnearesttheirruralTennesseehome,theHickmanlearnedthattheirtripletshadcerebralpalsy.

Fifteenyearsagotherewasn’tmuchthatcouldbedoneaboutcerebralpalsy,adisordercausedbydamagetothemotorcentersofthebrain.Butpediatricmedicinehascomealongwaysincethen,bothininterventionbeforebirth,withbetterprenatalcareandvarioustechniquestopostponedelivery,andsurgicalinterventionsafterbirthtocorrectphysicaldeficiencies.Soalthoughtheincidenceofcerebralpalsyseemstobeincreasing(becausetheoddsofpreemiessurvivingaresomuchbetter),sotooarethenumberofsuccessstories.

Thisisoneofthem.Lane,CodieandWyatt(astheHickmanboysarecalled)havespasticcerebralpalsy,themostcommonform,accountingfornearly80%o£cases.“Wefirstnoticedthattheyweren’twalkingwhentheyshould,”Cindyrecalls.“Insteadtheywereonlydoingthecombatcrawl.”Theirbrainsseemedtobedevelopingageappropriately,buttheirmuscleswereunnaturallystiff,makingwalkingdifficultifnotimpossible.

Happily,spasticcerebralpalsyisalsothemosttreatableformofCP,largelythankstoaprocedureknownasselectivedorsalrhizotomy,inwhichthenerverootsthatarecausingtheproblemareisolatedandsevered.AmongthefirsttochampionSDRintheU.S.inthelate1980swasDr.T.S.Park,aKorean-bornpediatricneurosurgeonatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,Mo.,whohasperformedmorethan800oftheseoperationsandhopestodoanadditional1,000beforeheretires.

Havingperformedtheoperationmyselfasaresidentinneurosurgery,Iwaseagertoseehowthecountry’smostprolificSDRsurgeondoesit.LastmonthIgotanopportunitytostandbyhissideasheoperatedon3-year-oldLaneHickman.

Peeringthroughamicroscopeandguidedbyanelectricprobe,wewereabletodistinguishbetweenthetwogroupsofnerverootsleavingthespinalcord.Theventralrootssendinformationtothemuscle;thedorsalrootssendinformationbacktothespinalcord.Thedorsalrootscausespasticity,andifjusttherightonesaresevered,thesymptomscanbegreatlyreduced.

NearlyhalfamillionAmericanssufferfromcerebralpalsy.NotallarecandidatesforSDR,butParkestimatesthatasmanyashalfmaybe.Hegetsthebestresultswithchildrenbetweenages2and6whowerebornprematurelyandhavestiffnessonlyintheirlegs.Heisknownforperformingtheoperationveryhighupinthespine,rightwherethenerverootsexitthespinalcord.It’sriskierthatway,buttherecoveryisfaster,andinPark’sskilledhands,thesuccessrateishigher.

CindyandJeremyHickmanwilltestifytothat.Justafewweeksaftertheprocedure,twooftheirsonsarewalkingalmostnormallyandthethirdisrapidlyimproving.

1.Whenthetripletswereborn,_______.

2.Cerebralpalsyis____.

3.Therearemoreandmorecasesofcerebralpalsy_______.

4.Dr.T.S.Park____.

5.SDRisaprocedureof____.

問題1選項

A.boththetripletsandtheirmothernearlydied

B.theydidn’thavecerebralpalsy

C.doctorsdidn’tbelievetheyweregoingtosurvive

D.theyreceivedmedicalinterventionlikebrainshunts

問題2選項

A.deadlydisease

B.akindofbraindisorder

C.nottreatableforchildrenwhoareover6andhavestiffnessintheirlegs

D.tobecuredbyisolatingandcuttingofftherightnerveroots

問題3選項

A.becausetherearemoreandmoretriplets

B.becausemoreandmorebabiesprematurelybornareabletosurvive

C.sotherearemorecasesofsuccessfultreatment

D.sotherearemorecandidatesforSDR

問題4選項

A.isasuccessfulpioneerinadoptingSDRoperationsinCPtreatment

B.isfamousbecauseofhissuccesswiththetripletswhoareverydifficultcases

C.isambitiousbyhopingtodoanother1,000SDRoperations

D.isnotcautiousenoughbytakingriskstoperformtheoperationveryhighupthespine

問題5選項

A.prenatalinterventionusingdeliverypostponingtechniques

B.surgicalinterventionafterbirthtoreducespasticsymptoms

C.isolatingandseveringeitherofthetwogroupsofnerverootsleavingthespinalcord

D.greatriskandhighefficiency

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Then,afterayearofheroicinterventions—brainshunts,tracheotomies,skullremodeling…theHickmanlearnedthattheirtripletshadcerebralpalsy.”,可知三胞胎出生后,他們接受了一系列的醫(yī)療干預(yù),比如大腦分流術(shù)、氣管切開術(shù)等等,最終得知三胞胎患有腦癱。選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句,“…cerebralpalsy,adisordercausedbydamagetothemotorcentersofthebrain.”,逗號后面是對腦癱這個名詞的解釋。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句,“Soalthoughtheincidenceofcerebralpalsyseemstobeincreasing(becausetheoddsofpreemiessurvivingaresomuchbetter),sotooarethenumberofsuccessstories.”,括號中由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句就是對上一句的原因解釋,可知腦癱的發(fā)病率似乎在增加的原因是早產(chǎn)兒存活的幾率高。選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句,“AmongthefirsttochampionSDRintheU.S.…whohasperformedmorethan800oftheseoperationsandhopestodoanadditional1,000beforeheretires.”,可知Dr.T.S.Park是美國治療腦癱疾病中,第一批成功采用SDR手術(shù)的人。選項A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句,“Thedorsalrootscausespasticity,andifjusttherightonesaresevered,thesymptomscanbegreatlyreduced.”,上文提到SDR手術(shù)的實施過程和原理,本句是這種手術(shù)的目的和結(jié)果,可知SDR可以大大減少痙攣癥狀。選項B符合題意。

18.單選題

()moreimportant,notonlythelostcitieswererecovered,butthenewcitieswerebuilt.

問題1選項

A.Thatis

B.Itis

C.Because

D.Whatis

【答案】D

【解析】句意:更重要的是,不僅找回了丟失的城市,而且建造了新的城市。

19.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbegantopickupspeedslowlyduringtheeighteenthcentury.Andthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially.Forexample,itisnowanaxiominmanyfieldsofsciencethatmorenewandimportantdiscoverieshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsthanintheentireprevioushistoryofscience.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffectonourrelationshiptotheearththatnuclearweaponshavehadonourrelationshiptowarf

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