考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theypersecutethosewhodonot（）totheirideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surrender

B.confirm

C.submit

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指戰(zhàn)敗而屈服；confirm“確認(rèn)，證實(shí)”，一般指通過提供證據(jù)證明或表明某事物（絕對(duì)）正確；submit“服從，提交”，一般指放棄抵抗，愿意服從對(duì)方；conform“符合，遵守”，側(cè)重于以同一群體或社會(huì)中大多數(shù)人的相同方式行動(dòng)和思考。句意：他們迫害那些不信奉他們思想的人。這里的關(guān)鍵詞是“idea”，所以選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquires

【答案】D

【解析】句意:只有通過學(xué)習(xí)，才能獲得許多處理各種情況的常用方法。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。retain保留；gain獲得，贏得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）；resort求助，采?。ㄗ詈螅┦侄?；acquire（靠自己的能力、努力或行為）獲得，得到。該處為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)為“habitualways常用方式”。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,（1）intoahobbyandlatelyhas（2）intoafull-timepassion.ThetwodevelopersofYahoo,DavidFiloandJerryYang,Ph.Dcandidates（3）ElectricalEngineeringatStanfordUniversity,startedtheirguideinApril1994asawaytokeep（4）oftheirpersonalinterestontheInternet.Beforelongthey（5）thattheirhomebrewedlistswerebecomingtoolongand（6）.GraduallytheybegantospendmoreandmoretimeonYahoo.

During1994,they（7）Yahoointoacustomizeddatabasedesignedto（8）theneedsofthethousandsofusers（9）begantousetheservicethroughtheclosely（10）Internetcommunity.Theydevelopedcustomizedsoftwaretohelpthem（11）locate,identifyandeditmaterial（12）ontheInternet.ThenameYahoois（13）tostandfor“YetAnotherHierarchicalOfficiousOrale”,butFiloandYanginsisttheyselectedthe（14）becausetheyconsideredthemselvesYahoos.Yahooitselffirst（15）onYang’sworkstation,“akebono”,whilethesearchenginewas（16）onFilo’scomputer,“Konishiki".

Inearly1995MarcAndersen,co-founderofNetscapeCommunicationinMountainView,California,invitedFiloandYangtomovetheirfiles（17）tolargercomputers（18）atNetscape.AsaresultStanford’scomputernetworkreturnedto（19）,andbothpartiesbenefited.Today,Yahoo（20）organizedinformationontensofthousandsofcomputerslinkedtotheweb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.grew

C.turn

D.intend

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.made

B.saw

C.looked

D.turned

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.about

D.for

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.touch

B.contact

C.track

D.record

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.founded

B.found

C.argued

D.reported

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.unwieldy

B.tough

C.tamable

D.invaluable

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.exchanged

B.shank

C.sold

D.converted

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.explain

B.serve

C.discover

D.evaluate

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.actually

D.eagerly

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.relative

B.interactive

C.bound

D.contacted

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.fluently

B.efficiently

C.exactly

D.actually

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.transmitted

B.purchased

C.sold

D.stored

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.bound

C.going

D.supposed

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.fable

B.model

C.name

D.brand

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.supported

B.resided

C.lived

D.launched

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.connected

B.lodged

C.introduced

D.linked

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.away

C.inside

D.beneath

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.housed

B.caught

C.hosed

D.hidden

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.average

B.normal

C.ordinary

D.equal

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.attains

B.detains

C.maintains

D.contains

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.固定搭配。選項(xiàng)A和D不符合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；grewinto強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展的結(jié)果，turninto強(qiáng)調(diào)前后兩種情況的對(duì)比。這里指主意發(fā)展成為愛好，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.固定搭配。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種情況，前后形成對(duì)比，所以用turn,選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.介詞用法。表示“在……領(lǐng)域”，用介詞in。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.固定搭配。keeptrackof意為“記錄，與保持聯(lián)系”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)A后面一般接介詞in；選項(xiàng)B后面一般接介詞with；keeprecord指保留記錄，不符合句意。所以本題選C。

5.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意：沒過多久，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的自制清單變得越來越長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.形容詞詞義辨析。unwieldy指笨拙的，不實(shí)用的，難處理的。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是指清單太長(zhǎng)以至于很難處理，所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.固定搭配。o為常用搭配，意為“將……轉(zhuǎn)換成……”。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指滿足客戶的需求，與后面的service相呼應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

9.定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，that在這里引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾users，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是“聯(lián)系緊密”的意思，所以填入選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

11.副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里修飾的不僅僅是locate，還有identify和edit，所以填入選項(xiàng)B（有效的）更符合語(yǔ)境。

12.上下文語(yǔ)義。這里指編輯存儲(chǔ)在電腦里面的資料，所以選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.固定搭配。besupposedto意為“被認(rèn)為，被要求”,為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上一句可知，這里應(yīng)填入上句提到的name，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：雅虎最初是在JerryYang的工作站上成立的。選項(xiàng)A后面一般接by，表示由支持；選項(xiàng)C不符合句意；選項(xiàng)D的主語(yǔ)是人，表示開始，著手做某事。resideon表示位于，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.固定搭配。belodgedon為固定搭配，意為“安置”。這里指搜索引擎在Filo的電腦里面，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。選項(xiàng)A和D后面一般接介詞to；選項(xiàng)C不符合句意，所以本題選B。

17.固定搭配。moveover表示將某物轉(zhuǎn)移至另一個(gè)地方。這里指邀請(qǐng)F(tuán)iloandYang將他們的文件轉(zhuǎn)移到更大的電腦上，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.固定搭配。housedat表示“定居于，固定于某地”。這里指固定于美國(guó)網(wǎng)景公司的電腦。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

19.形容詞詞義辨析。句意：斯坦福大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)恢復(fù)正常。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

20.動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：現(xiàn)在雅虎涵蓋了數(shù)以萬計(jì)連接到網(wǎng)絡(luò)的計(jì)算機(jī)上的有組織的信息。選項(xiàng)D符合原文句意。

4.翻譯題

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedicalliteraturefrequentlywas.Icametorecognizevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.(1)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Whatisimportantisnottruth,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:(2)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.

(3)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency,forexample,bytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spaper.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(4)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

Boilingdownanindividual'soutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(5)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsencouragethatkindofscience.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】醫(yī)學(xué)期刊中由有多類似的無稽之談，這些說法一旦被廣播公司和新聞媒體報(bào)道，就會(huì)引發(fā)健康恐慌和短暫的飲食熱潮。

2.【參考譯文】如今，任何申請(qǐng)研究職位的人都必須發(fā)表兩倍于10年前同一職位所需的論文數(shù)量。

3.【參考譯文】人們已經(jīng)做出努力來遏制這種趨勢(shì)，例如，將質(zhì)量和數(shù)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入申請(qǐng)者的論文評(píng)估中。

4.【參考譯文】如果不是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家們可以很容易地在未來的出版物中引用自己的觀點(diǎn)，或者讓同事為他們這樣做以換取類似的好處，這將是合理的。

5.【參考譯文】如果我們確實(shí)要保證我們的科學(xué)既有意義又可再生，那么我們必須確保我們的機(jī)構(gòu)鼓勵(lì)這種科學(xué)的進(jìn)步。

5.單選題

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關(guān)注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最體貼的女人。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

FirefighterswerenotattackingthemajorfiresinVirginiadirectlybutwereputtingouthotspotsthatcouldprovedangerousifwinds().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickedup

B.pickedout

C.pickedthrough

D.pickedin

【答案】A

【解析】pickup撿起，獲得，收拾；pickout挑選出；pick不與through和in搭配。句意：消防隊(duì)員沒有直接撲滅維吉尼亞州的大火，而是正在撲滅一些如果被風(fēng)吹到可能會(huì)變得很危險(xiǎn)的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passon傳遞，繼續(xù)，去世；passup拒絕，錯(cuò)過；passby走過，經(jīng)過；passout分發(fā)，昏倒。這里指沒有錯(cuò)過一次練習(xí)中文的機(jī)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Hewasinextremestateofdistressanddepressionwhenheknewthathehad（）lungcancer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extracted

B.contracted

C.abstracted

D.attracted

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配題。contractadisease為固定搭配,意為"感染疾病";extract"提取;搾出",一般與介詞from連用;abstract"提取,摘要";attract"吸引,引起…的注意"。句意：當(dāng)他知道自己得了肺癌時(shí)，他極度痛苦和沮喪。

9.單選題

1.Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfarmsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria.Farmersrespondedthatrestrictingantibioticsinlivestockwoulddevastatetheindustryandsignificantlyraisecoststoconsumers.Wenowhaveempiricaldatathatshouldresolvethisdebate.Sine1995Denmarkhasenforcedprogressivelytighterrulesontheuseofantibioticsintheraisingofpigs,poultryandotherlivestock.Intheprocess,ithasshownthatitispossibletoprotecthumanhealthwithouthurtingfarmers.

2.Farmersinmanycountriesuseantibioticsintwokeyways:(1)atfullstrengthtotreatanimalsthataresickand(2)inlowdosestofattenmeat-producinglivestockortopreventveterinaryillnesses.(ItisillegalintheUStosellmilkforhumanconsumptionfromdairycattletreatedwithantibiotics.）Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor"sub-therapeutic"doseisaformulafordisaster:thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria.Thegermsthatsurvivearetypicallythosethathappentobeargeneticmutationsforresistingtheantibiotic.Theythenreproduceandexchangegeneswithothermicrobialresisters.Becausebacteriaarefoundliterallyeverywhere,resistantstrainsproducedinanimalseventuallyfindtheirwayintopeopleaswell.Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance.

3.Thedatafrommultiplestudiesovertheyearssupporttheconclusionthatlowdosesofantibioticsinanimalsincreasethenumberofdrug-resistantmicrobesinbothanimalsandpeople.AsJoshuaM.Scharfstein,aprincipaldeputycommissionerattheFoodandDrugAdministration,toldaUScongressionalsubcommitteelastsummer,"Youactuallycantracethespecificbacteriaaroundandfindthattheresistantstrainsinhumansmatchtheresistantstrainsintheanimals."AndthisscienceiswhatledDenmarktostopsub-therapeuticdosin^ofchickens,pigsandotherfarmanimals.

4.Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultryindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear.ButafterDanishfarmersstartedleavingsowsandpigletstogetherafewweekslongertobolsterthelittennates*immunesystemsnaturally,theanimals’weightsjumpedbackup,andthenumberofpigsperlitterincreasedaswell.Thelessonisthatimprovinganimalhusbandry——makingsurethatpens,stallsandcagesareproperlycleanedandgivinganimalsmoreroomortimetomature-offsetstheinitialnegativeimpactoflimitingantibioticuse.TodayDanishindustryreportsthatproductivityishigherthanbefore.MeanwhilereportsofantibioticresistanceinDanishpeoplearemixed,whichshows——asifweneededreminding——thattherearenoquickfixes.

5.LestanyonearguethatDenmarkistoosmalltoofferareasonableparalleltotheUS,considerthatitistheworld'slargestexporterofpork.LikeUSfarmers,Danesraisepigsonanintensive,industrialscale.Iftheycanfigureouthowtolimitantibioticusewhileactuallyincreasingagriculturalproductivity,thensocanAmericans.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation,theInfectiousDiseasesSocietyofAmerica,theAmericanPublicHealthAssociation,apreviousFDAcommissionerandmanyothershaveadvisedtheUStofollowsuit.LastyeartheFDApublishednewguidelinescallingfor’’judicioususe"ofantibiotics.Yetitultimatelyleftthedecisiononexactlywhenandwheretouseantibioticsuptoindividualfarmers.Thatlaissez-fairestandardisnotgoodenough,particularlywhenthehealthoftherestofthepopulationisatstake.

6.Ofcourse,thewayveterinaryantibioticsareusedisnottheonlycauseofhumandrug-resistantinfections.Carelessuseofthedrugsinpeoplealsocontributestotheproblem.Butagriculturaluseisstillamajorcontributingfactor.Everydaythatpassesbringsnewevidencethatweareindangeroflosingeffectiveantibioticprotectionagainstmanyofthemostdangerousbacteriathatcausehumanillness.Thetechnicalissuesaresolvable.Denmark'sexampleprovesthatitispossibletocutantibioticuseonfarmswithouttriggeringfinancialdisaster.Infact,itmightprovideacompetitiveadvantage.Strongermeasurestodeprivedrug-resistantbacteriaoftheiragriculturalbreedinggroundssimplymakescientific,economicandcommonsense.

1.Thisarticle（

）.

2.Overthelasthalf-century,manyWesternscientistshaveexpressedconcernabouttheconsequencesof（

）.

3.Thewordinadvertentlyinparagraph2means（

）.

4.Thetoneofthefinalsentenceinparagraph2is（

）.

5.WhentheDanishauthoritiesorderedfarmerstoceasegivinglowdosesofantibioticstotheirfarmanimals（

）.

6.Accordingtothearticle,theDanishgovernment’sdecisionin1995tolimittheuseofantibioticsbyfarmers（

）.

7.Theauthorarguesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasprobablywrittenprimarilyformicrobiologists

B.isastraightforwardaccountofrecentadvancesintheuseofantibiotics

C.ismainlyacriticalaccountofactionstakenbyDanishandUSfarmers

D.seemsintendedtocontributetoanongoingdebate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usingantibioticstotreathumandiseases

B.givingantibioticstofarmanimals

C.usingantibioticstospeedupweightgaininyoungfarmanimals

D.resistancetotheuseofantibioticsamongfarmersraisinganimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bydesign

B.theoppositeofbydesign

C.deliberately

D.unfortunately

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.threatening

B.ironic

C.reassuring

D.neutral

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thefarmersrefusedtocooperatewiththegovernment

B.alloftheanimalstooklongertoputonweight

C.youngpigsgainedlessweightintheirfirstyear

D.productivityquicklybegantorise

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.hasledtohealthierchickensbuttolesshealthypigs

B.hasprovokedconcernamongDanishfarmersaboutlong-termproductivityproblems

C.hassignificantlyimprovedthehealthofhumanbeingaswellasoffarmanimals

D.hasnotyetledtoanindisputabledropinantibioticresistanceamonghumanbeings

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.asmallcountrylikeDenmarkisaquestionablemodelforlargersocieties

B.theexperienceoftheDanishporkindustryisquiteapplicabletoanimalhusbandryinotherlargercountries

C.theUSisactuallytheonlyothercountrythatcanbenefitfromDanishexperience,atleastatpresent

D.Americanpigfarmersareveryunlikelytoacceptgovernment-imposedlimitsontheiruseofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先提出了美國(guó)和歐洲國(guó)家存在的一個(gè)爭(zhēng)議話題“微生物學(xué)家提出不能在畜牧業(yè)方面使用抗生素，但農(nóng)民群體卻回應(yīng)說停止使抗生素將會(huì)給畜牧行業(yè)帶來災(zāi)難性后果”，隨后文章圍繞“抗生素使用的危害”以及“在畜牧行業(yè)停止使抗生素能否避免產(chǎn)生災(zāi)難性后果”這兩方面的問題展開，因此可以推知文章主要是針對(duì)在畜牧業(yè)方面使用抗生素所引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)論，故答案為D(似乎有助于現(xiàn)下的討論)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段:Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfamsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria(在過去的50年里，美國(guó)和歐洲國(guó)家的微生物學(xué)家警示說不能通過使用抗生素來增加家畜的重量。這種行為相當(dāng)于是將農(nóng)場(chǎng)變成了耐藥菌的溫床，從而對(duì)人類健康構(gòu)成威脅)。因此科學(xué)家擔(dān)心的是使用抗生素加速增加幼年家畜體重所帶來的后果。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor"sub-therapeutic"doseisaformulafordisaster:thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria。主句句意為:習(xí)慣性地使用少劑量的抗生素也會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性后果：使用的抗生素的確能夠殺死細(xì)菌，但只是一部分。而且主從句之間為讓步關(guān)系,因此推測(cè)從句句意為:雖然抗生素的合理使用只會(huì)在無意之中導(dǎo)致耐藥菌的傳播。因此選B“無意地”。

4.態(tài)度方向題。第二段最后一句:Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance。字面意思是“在保證抗生素抗藥性的傳播方面，你幾乎不能找到更好的方式了”，實(shí)際意思是說當(dāng)前抗生素使用現(xiàn)狀為耐藥菌的傳播提供了最好的條件，故這句是一個(gè)反語(yǔ)，答案選項(xiàng)為B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段:Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultiyindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear(雖然這一轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谥扑帢I(yè)順利展開，但豬的平均體重在第一年就下降了)。故選C。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段:TodayDanishindustryreportsthatproductivityishigherthanbefore.MeanwhilereportsofantibioticresistanceinDanishpeoplearemixed,whichshows——asifweneededreminding——thattherearenoquickfixes(現(xiàn)如今丹麥工業(yè)報(bào)告說生產(chǎn)率比以前高。與此同時(shí)，丹麥人對(duì)抗生素耐藥性的報(bào)告也不盡相同，這表明——似乎我們需要提醒——沒有捷徑可走)。由此看出丹麥政府限制農(nóng)民使用抗生素并不能在降低人的抗生素抗藥性方面取得明顯效果,故選D。

7.態(tài)度方向題。第五段:LikeUSfarmers，Danesraisepigsonanintensive,industrialscale.Iftheycanfigureouthowtolimitantibioticusewhileactuallyincreasingagriculturalproductivity,thensocanAmericans(和美國(guó)的農(nóng)民一樣，丹麥人也是以集中、規(guī)?；姆绞斤曫B(yǎng)豬。如果丹麥人能夠保證在限制抗生素使用的同時(shí)提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力，那么美國(guó)人也應(yīng)該能夠做到),由此推斷作者認(rèn)為丹麥在豬肉行業(yè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是適用于其他大國(guó)的畜牧業(yè)的。故選B。

10.翻譯題

Culturehidesmuchmorethanitreveals,andstrangelyenoughwhatithides,ithidesmosteffectivelyfromitsownparticipants.Yearsofstudyhaveconvincedmethattherealjobisnottounderstandforeignculturebuttounderstandourown.Iamalsoconvincedthatallthatoneevergetsfromstudyingforeigncultureisatokenunderstanding.Theultimatereasonforsuchstudyistolearnmoreabouthowone’sownsystemworks.Thebestreasonforexposingoneselftoforeignwaysisgenerateasenseofvitalityandawareness-aninterestinlifewhichcancomeonlywhenonelivesthroughtheshockofcontrastanddifference.Thebestreasonforthelaypersontospendtimestudyingcultureisthathe/shecanlearnsomethingusefulandenlighteningabouthimself/herself.Thiscanbeaninterestingprocess,attimeharrowingbutultimatelyrewarding.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystolearnaboutoneselfisbytakingseriouslytheculturesofothers.Itforcesyoutopayattentiontothosedetailsoflifewhichdifferentiatethemfromyou.

【答案】文化隱藏的東西遠(yuǎn)比它揭示的要多。奇怪的是,它所隱藏的東西,最不容易被它原創(chuàng)居民發(fā)現(xiàn)。多年的研究使我們了解到,我們真正要做的,不是去理解外國(guó)文化,而是理解我們自己的文化。我也認(rèn)為,人們學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)文化是表意的理解。這樣學(xué)習(xí)的根本原因是為了更多了解自己的文化機(jī)制是如何運(yùn)作的。讓自己充分學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)文化的最佳方式就是將其生動(dòng)化和培養(yǎng)自我意識(shí)。盡管這樣做的樂趣僅存在與人們生活在文化對(duì)比和差異的驚訝之中。外出行走學(xué)習(xí)文化的最好之處在于當(dāng)事人能夠?qū)W到有用的東西并且啟發(fā)自己。這可能是個(gè)有意思的過程,雖然耗時(shí)但很值得。了解自己最好的途徑就是認(rèn)真對(duì)待別人的文化,它使你能夠正視讓你不同于對(duì)方的生活細(xì)節(jié)。

11.單選題

Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloodpressure,arthritis,andosteoporosis.Butlet'sfaceit:mostpeoplearenotmotivatedtoexercisebywhatitmaydoforthem20yearsdownthepike.Whatgetspeoplelikemeoutmovingeverydayiswhatexercisedoesformerightnow,especiallyhowitallowsmetoenjoyeatingwithoutgaining.I,alongwithmillionsofAmericans,havediscoveredthatexerciseisthekeytopermanentandpainlessweightcontrol.

Afterhearingadescriptionofmyusualdailyexercisescheduleamorningrunorbikerideandaneveningswim,sometimeswithanhouroftennisinbetween—somepeopleremark,“Wouldn’titbealoteasiertoeatonelessbageladayandskipallthatexercise?”Myansweris,“Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun”.Here’swhyexercise,notdieting,isthebestroutetoaleaner,lighteryou.

Farbetterforyourhealthand,yourfuturetoloseprimarilyfatisinthefirstplace.Theonlywaytodothatisthroughexercise,whichusesbodyfatasitsmainsourceofenergy.Youmaynotseethatinitialrapid(butfalse)weightloss,butwhatyoulosewillbewhatyouwanttolose——fat,notmuscleorwater.Yourlosswillbeslowbutsteady,and,ifyoumakeexercisearegularpartofyourlife,chancesareyourlosswillbepermanent,too.Ifit’sanyconsolation,studieshaveshownthatinmostcases,thefasterpeopleloseweight,themorelikelytheyaretoregainit.Slowloss,then,isthesecrettolastingsuccess.

Ifyouwanttoloseweightfasterthanyoucanwithjustexercise,simplycombineexercisewithareduced-caloriediet.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,showedthatexercisecancounterthemetabolism-loweringeffectofalow-caloriedietinmanypeople.Italsoseemstocurbtheadversecaloriceffectofagingonbodymetabolism.Whereasordinarilyyourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder(whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore),ifyoucontinuetoexerciseregularly,youmaykeepyouryouthfulmetabolicratebymaintainingamusclebodyinsteadoflosingmuscleandputtingonpoundsoffat.

1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutweightcontrolisNOTtrue?

3.Mostmiddle-agedpeoplegetfatter,mainlybecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeabesttitleforthepassage?

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theslowerpeopleloseweight,thelesslikelytheyaretoachievetheirgoals

B.Peoplewhoareondietmerelylosemuscleandwater.

C.Regularexercisesmayreducethechanceofgettingcertainchronicdiseases.

D.Physicalactivityusemuscletissueasitsmainsourceofenergy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theexerciseisthesecrettopermanentandsuccessfulweightcontrol

B.Combiningexerciseswithareduced-caloriedietmakeiteasiertoloseweight.

C.Healthyweightcontrolmeansloseprimaryfat,notmuscleorwater.

D.Toeatlessandskiptheexerciseisaneasyandeffectivewayoflosingweight.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thechemicalactivityintheirbodythatusesthefoodtoproduceenergyslowsdown

B.theymadedietarychangeswhentheygrowold

C.oftheirsedentaryliving

D.theydon’texerciseregularly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.EatingWithoutGaining

B.Exercise:anEffectiveWeight-lossTool

C.MetabolicChangesinHumanBody

D.WaysofWeightControl

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howtokeepfit

B.howtoloseweight

C.thebenefitsbroughtaboutbyregularexercises

D.exercisesanddiet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第三句指出:Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise(事實(shí)上，困擾美國(guó)人的大多數(shù)慢性疾病與危及生命的疾病是可以通過規(guī)律性鍛煉來調(diào)節(jié)的)。因此，C項(xiàng)“規(guī)律性鍛煉能夠降低患慢性疾病的機(jī)率”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun(的確是很容易減肥，但是遠(yuǎn)沒有期望的那么有效果)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“少吃且少運(yùn)動(dòng)是最簡(jiǎn)單且有效的減肥方法”不符合原文所述。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段第四句指出了中年人發(fā)胖的原因:…yourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder（whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore）(隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，新陳代謝速度減慢（這也是為什么人到了中年時(shí)期盡管吃得不多也很容易發(fā)胖的原因）)。因此，A項(xiàng)“體內(nèi)用以產(chǎn)生能量的化學(xué)分解活動(dòng)速度減慢”正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。本文主要講了規(guī)律性鍛煉對(duì)于健康以及減肥的作用，并且比較了其相對(duì)于通過飲食控制來減肥的好處。因此B項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)是有效的減肥方法”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

第5題:主旨大意題。本文主要講了規(guī)律性鍛煉對(duì)于健康以及減肥的作用，并且比較了其相對(duì)于通過飲食控制來減肥的好處。故答案為C項(xiàng)“規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來很多益處”。

12.單選題

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exhausted“筋疲力盡的；疲憊不堪的；耗盡的；枯竭的”；B選項(xiàng)abandoned“被拋棄的；（房屋，車輛）被廢棄的；無約束的；恣意放蕩的”；C選項(xiàng)injured“受傷的；受損害的”；D選項(xiàng)deserted“荒蕪的；被遺棄的；無人居住的”。句意：手術(shù)使病人___，需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在卻使他們感到輕松舒適。本句表達(dá)“手術(shù)讓病人精疲力竭”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contemporary“當(dāng)代的；同時(shí)代的”；B選項(xiàng)comely“清秀的，標(biāo)致的”；C選項(xiàng)disinterested“無私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉潔的”；D選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比賽結(jié)果上必須是公正的，否則他可能試圖去做出有利于一支球隊(duì)的裁定。結(jié)合句意，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

（）thebriberyallegations,Switzerland’ssportsministerhasannouncedhisowninquiryintohowtheseassociationsarerun.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inthehopeof

B.Inthewakeof

C.Inthelightof

D.Inthesightof

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。inthehopeof“懷著……的希望”；inthewakeof“隨著而來，作為……的結(jié)果”；inthelightof“鑒于，依據(jù)，按照”；inthesightof“在……看來，從……的觀點(diǎn)看”。句意：根據(jù)受賄指控，瑞士體育部長(zhǎng)宣布親自調(diào)查這些協(xié)會(huì)的運(yùn)行狀況。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.Organicarchitecturerejectsrulesimposedbyindividualpreferenceormereaestheticsinordertoremaintruetothenatureofthesite,thematerials,thepurposeofthestructure,andthepeoplewhowillultimatelyuseit.Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple.Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.Itshouldmaximizepeople’scontactwithandutilizationoftheoutdoors.

Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.Likeasculptor,theorganicarchitectviewsthesiteandmaterialsasaninnateformthatshapesanddevelopsorganicallyfromwithin.Truthinarchitectureresultsinanatural,spontaneousstructureintotalharmonywiththesetting.Forthemostpart,thesestructuresfindtheirgeometricthemesinthecontoursofthelandandtheircolorsinthesurroundingpaletteofnature.

Fromtheoutside,anorganicstructureissomuchapartofnaturethatitisoftenobscuredbyit.Inotherwords,itmaynotbepossiblefortheeyetoeasilyseparatetheman-madestructurefromthenaturalterrain.Fromtheinside,roomsopenintoeachother.Naturallight,air,andviewpermeatethewholestructure,providingasenseofcommunicationwiththeoutdoors.

26.Inorganicarchitecture,whichofthefollowingistrue?

27.Agoodexampleofnaturalprinciplesisa（）.

28.Whydoestheauthorcompareanorganicarchitecttoasculptor?

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthearchitect’sviewofnature?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Formfollowsfunction.

B.Functionfollowsform.

C.Functionisnotimportanttoform.

D.Formandfunctionareone.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bankthatisbuilttolooklikeaGreektemple

B.bankbuiltsothatthelocationisunimportanttothestructure

C.bankthatisbuilttoconformtothenaturalsurroundings

D.bankthatisbuilttobebeautifulratherthanfunctional

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizeaesthetics.

B.Togiveanexampleofnaturalprinciples.

C.Tomakeapoint