考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Aconservativemanalways（）hostilitytothechangesthattakeplaceinthecontemporaryworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cherish

B.embrace

C.embody

D.harbour

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:cherish“珍愛(ài)”；B:embrace“包括；擁抱”；C:embody“表現(xiàn)，象征”；D:harbour“隱匿；懷著；包含，藏有”。句意：一個(gè)保守的人總是對(duì)當(dāng)今世界發(fā)生的變化懷有敵意。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知D為正確答案。

2.單選題

TheUnitedStatesiscomprisedof48contiguousstatesoccupyingthemidcontinent,AlaskaatthenorthwesternextremeofNorthAmerica,andtheislandstateofHawaiiinthemid-PacificOcean.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jealous

B.explosive

C.adjacent

D.distant

【答案】C

【解析】句意：美國(guó)由48個(gè)接壤的州組成，這些州包括大陸中部、北美西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷州。contiguous意為“鄰近的，接壤的”。jealous妒忌的，猜疑的；explosive爆炸的；adjacent鄰近的，毗連的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的，冷漠的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

3.單選題

Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.

Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportedinabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas“background”)，proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).

Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchersorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.

Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.

Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（）.

2.Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthispassage?

4.Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WritingofResearchReports.

B.TypesofJournalArticles

C.TypesofResearchReports.

D.WritingofDifferentArticles.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theiraimsandpossibleaudiences

B.theirwritingstyleandlength

C.theirpresentedplacesandtime

D.theircontentandpurposes

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Allthethesesordissertationsandconferencepapersarereportedinspokenlanguage.

B.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersarereportedinabriefandinformativeway.

C.Bothjournalarticlesandconferencepapersareinfluencedgreatlybytheintendedreceivers.

D.Thevariousformatsofresearchreportsmaybepresentedindifferentways.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Byconcentratingonthemainfactorslikethepurpose,background,proceduresanddiscussion.

B.Byemphasizingthepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch.

C.Bynotingthedetailedmethodusedtocollectthedata,theconstructionofthedatacollectionprocedures,thetechniquesforanalyzingthedataandresults,etc.

D.Byfocusingonthedetaileddescriptionoftheresearchsuchasthetools,procedures,theprocessofdataanalysis,theresultsandconclusions,etc.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“最適合該文章的標(biāo)題是什么？”文章第一段第一句話(huà)提到“報(bào)告研究的形式有很多，比如刊登在期刊中的文章，給資助機(jī)構(gòu)的報(bào)告等”(Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch…)以及第一段最后一句話(huà)“我們將會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單描述它們”(wewillnowbrieflydescribethem)，可知選項(xiàng)C“研究報(bào)告的種類(lèi)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“我們主要可以通過(guò)以下哪種方式來(lái)區(qū)分這些研究報(bào)告？”文章第一段提到“這些報(bào)告形式相互的主要區(qū)別是在其寫(xiě)作目的和針對(duì)的受眾上”(Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress)。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“以下哪個(gè)成熟在文章中沒(méi)被提到？”文章第五段提到會(huì)議論文主要以口頭形式呈現(xiàn)（Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesandseminars,andatsuchmeetingresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally），但是沒(méi)有提到論文（thesesordissertations）也是以口頭形式呈現(xiàn)，因此選項(xiàng)A沒(méi)有在文中提及，符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“教授如何評(píng)估學(xué)生執(zhí)行研究的能力？”文章第四段最后一句提到“對(duì)研究過(guò)程的詳細(xì)描述是為了讓教授了解學(xué)生進(jìn)行研究的能力”(Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch)，而這些詳細(xì)研究就是前面提到的“detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionoftheprocessofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheform,ofconclusions,implications,andrecommendations”,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Myeldestsisterwentonwiththestoryandyoungchildrenaroundher（）withwonderful!”fromtimetotime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeout

B.brokeoff

C.brokein

D.brokeup

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。breakout“爆發(fā)，突發(fā)”；breakoff“折斷，突然停止”；breakin“打斷，闖入”；breakup“打碎，結(jié)束”，句意：我的姐姐繼續(xù)講故事，圍在她身邊的小孩子時(shí)不時(shí)地打斷歡呼“太棒了！”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物動(dòng)詞用，后面接名詞時(shí)，一般要加賓補(bǔ)，B和C選項(xiàng)不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短語(yǔ)中間加入插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。后面men因?yàn)槭欠褐?，不需要定冠詞the。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復(fù);shield與from庇護(hù),使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營(yíng)救。句意：應(yīng)該用塑料布把樹(shù)裹起來(lái),以防止風(fēng)和霜凍。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.填空題

Solvingaproblemcanbebrokenintoseveralsteps.First,theproblemmustbeidentifiedcorrectly.Psychologistsrefer（1）thisstepasproblemrepresentation.Formanyproblems,figuring

（2）

whichinformationisrelevantandwhichisextraneouscanbedifficultandcaninterfere

（3）

arrivingatagoodsolution.Clearly,beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious

（4）

theproblemis,however,thisisnotaseasy

（5）

itmightseem.Oneobstacletoefficientproblemrepresentationisfunctionalfixedness,whichis,allowingpreconceivednotionsandevenprejudicestocolorthefacts.Mostpeopletend

（6）

seeobjectsandeventsincertainfixedways,andbybeinginflexibleinviewingtheproblem,theymaybeunabletonoticethetools

（7）

thesolution.Oncetheproblemisidentifiedaccurately,

（8）

,thesecondstepconsists

（9）

consideringthealternativesforasolution.Acommonwaytoevaluatealternativesistowritethem

（10）

andthenmakealist

（11）

advantagesanddisadvantagesforeachsolution.Hereagain,peoplemaybelimitedbypriorexperiences.Oftenpeopleadoptmentalsets

（12）

leadthemtothesameproblem-solvingstrategiesthatweresuccessfulforproblems

（13）

thepast.Althoughthatcanbehelpfulmost

（14）thetime,sometimesanewsituationrequiresadifferentstrategy.

（15）

thatcase,thementalsetmustbeabandoned,andnewalternativesmustbeexplored.

【答案】（1）to

（2）out

（3）with

（4）what

（5）as

（6）to

（7）for

（8）however

（9）of

（10）down

（11）of

（12）that

（13）in

（14）of

（15）In

【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。referto“涉及；指的是”，固定搭配。

（2）考查固定搭配。figureout“弄清楚；想出；算出”。

（3）考查固定搭配。interferewith“干擾，干涉”。

（4）考查主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句。it是形式主語(yǔ)，whattheproblemis是真正的主語(yǔ)。

（5）考查固定搭配。as…as…“像……一樣”。

（6）考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“傾向于做某事”。

（7）考查介詞的用法。thetoolsforthesolution“解決方案的工具”。

（8）考查邏輯關(guān)系。前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用however。

（9）考查固定搭配。consistof“構(gòu)成”。

（10）考查固定搭配。writesth.down“寫(xiě)下……”。

（11）考查介詞的用法。alistofsth.“某物的清單”。

（12）考查定語(yǔ)從句。由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是sets。

（13）考查固定搭配。inthepast“在過(guò)去”。

（14）考查固定搭配。mostofthetime“大部分時(shí)間”。

（15）考查固定搭配。inthatcase“既然那樣”。

8.單選題

Themanagerthinksitadvisablethatsomeadjustment（）withoutdelay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aremade

B.made

C.bemade

D.willbemade

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)從句中有advisable時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式為：(shoulD.+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：經(jīng)理認(rèn)為一些調(diào)整應(yīng)該馬上進(jìn)行，刻不容緩。

9.案例題

TheconclusionoftheUruguayRoundofmultilateraltradenegotiationsin1994，andtheestablishmentoftheWTOin1995toprovidetheinstitutionalsupporttothemultilateraltradeagreements,constitutedasignificantmilestoneintheevolutionofthemultilateraltradingsystem.Theprincipleof“singleundertaking，”boundallWTOmemberstoalltheresultsoftheUruguayRoundnegotiations(withtheexceptionofplurilateralagreements),therebyreinforcingthefundamentalprincipleofmost-favorednation(MFN)treatment.WiththeconclusionoftheUruguayRoundandthestrengthenedmultilateraltradingsystem(MTS),therewasanexpectationthatexceptionstomultilateralism,suchasregionaltradeagreements,eventhoughlegallycoveredbytheWTOundercertainconditions,wouldeitherbecomelessofanalterativepolicyoptionforcountriesorwillneedtobeadaptedandconductedinsuchamannerastobecomeoutward-oriented;notinward-looking,andhasconstitutebuildingblocksforthenewmultilateralismusheredinbytheWTO.

ThisobjectivehasbeencontinuallyemphasizedinWTOMinisterialDeclarationsthatreaffirmcommitmenttothesupremacyofmultilateralismwhilerecognizingtheimportantrolethatregionaltradeagreements(RTAs)canplay.Thisisapparentfromparagraph4intheDohaDeclarationwhereWTOMembersstressedtheir“commitmenttotheWTOastheuniqueforumforglobaltraderule-makingandliberalization,whilealsorecognizingthatregionaltradeagreementscanplayanimportantroleinpromotingtheliberalizationandexpansionoftradeandinfosteringdevelopment”.IntheworkprogrammeadoptedatDoha.WTOMembersalsoagreetonegotiationsaimedatclarifyingandimproving,existingWTOprovisionsapplyingtoRTAswhiletakingintoaccounttheirdevelopmentalaspects(paragraph29).Such“developmentalaspectsareaconcreteexpressionofthewideremphasisintheDohaWorkProgrammed(DWP)ondevelopmentissues,includingimplementation-relatedissuesandAsrecognizedbytheseDeclarations,thegrowth,expansionanddeepeningofregionaltradeagreementshasbeenremarkable.AlmostallcountriesintheworldandvirtuallyallWTOMembers(theexceptionbeingMongolia)todayarepartyto,orareintheprocessofnegotiating,atleastoneRTA.Thus,regionalismhasbecomeapolicyoptionformostcountriesandisapermanentfeatureoftheinternationaltradingenvironmentfortheforeseeablefuture.

Anotablefeatureintherecentriseofregionalismisthatcountriesthathavetraditionallyfavoredthemultilateralapproachtotradeliberalization,includingAustralia,NewZealand,Japan,Singapore,IndiaandtheRepublicofKoreahavejoinedtheRTAbandwagon.TheUnitedStateshasalsogivenmoreattentiontoconcludingRTAs.AdifferentcompositionofRTAsinvolvingthewideningofcountrycoveragebeyondthetraditionalregionalzonehasemerged.Significantly,RTAshaveemergedbetweencountriesandentitiesindifferentregions/continents(e.g.EU-Mexico,EU-SouthAfrica,US-Israel.Jordan,Morocco,Chile).Inmostcases,theseagreementsarebilateralinmembership,concludedbytwocountries/entities,includingthecaseoffreetradeagreementsnegotiatedandconcludedbythetwodistinctRTAs(e.g.EU-MERCOSURundernegotiation).

Theexpansion,wideninganddeepeningofRTAshasresultedin,asituationwherebyintra-RTAtradeaccountedforsome40percentofworldtrade(merchandiseimports)in2000andwillaccountforover50percentin2005.Furthermore,intra-RTAtradehasbeensignificant,orhasbecomemoreimportantforRTAmembers.Thus,internationaltradeflowsareincreasinglyconcentratedwithinregionalgroupingsformedbylargetradingnations.

ThequalitativedimensionofRTAsinrespectofcoverageofpolicyareashasalsoevolved.Recent“new-generation”RTAsincreasinglycovernotonlytradeingoods,butalsoother“behindtheborder”regulatoryareas,includingtradeinservices,investment,competitionpolicy,intellectualpropertyrights,governmentprocurement,labor,environmentanddevelopmentcooperation,therebygoingbeyondmultilateraldisciplinesandliberalizationcommitments(“WTO-plus”).Thesearepartandparcelof“deeper”integrationefforts.

Developingcountriesarenoexceptiontotheprocessofexpansionandreinvigorationofthe

RTAs.Theyhaveactivelyparticipatedinregionaltradeagreementsamongthemselves(South-South)andwithdevelopedcountries(North-South).Inadditiontothesesubregionalagreements,variousbilateralpreferentialtradeagreements(PTAs)havebeenlaunchedamongorinvolvingdevelopingcountries,oftenonaninterregionalbasis.

WhatisWTO’sstancetowardregionalism?Howisthedevelopmentofregionalismintheworldrightnow?(5points)

Pleasebrieflyanalyzethepositiveandnegativeeffectsofregionalismtodevelopingcountries.(10points)

Withthethrivingofregionalismintheworld,whatdoyouthinkisthefutureofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystem(MTS)?(10points)

【答案】WTOrecognizestheimportantrolethatregionalismcanplay.

Ontheonehand,regionalismcancauseapositiveeffectondevelopingcountries.Itwillbringalotofchancesfordevelopingcountriestotradewithothertradingpowers,whichwillhelpdevelopingcountriestoincreasetheirstrengthineconomicandtechnology;Ontheotherhand,thenegativeeffectshouldnotbeignoredeither.Becausethedevelopedcountriesareplayingthemainandleadingroleinregionalism,sometimesdevelopingcountrieswillbeinaunfavorablepositionduringtheprocessofcooperatingwithdevelopedcountries.Andtheenvironmentalproblemscausedduringtheseprocessesarealsoabigdisadvantagefordevelopingcountries.

ThedevelopmentofWTO’smultilateraltradingsystemmaybestuckintroubleandsomeofitsconventionswillbehit.

10.單選題

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)overseas“海外的，國(guó)外的”；B選項(xiàng)abroad“在國(guó)外”；C選項(xiàng)foreign“外國(guó)的，陌生的”;D選項(xiàng)offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主語(yǔ)theideaofhealthinsurance醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)’這個(gè)概念在20世紀(jì)80年代之前對(duì)居民來(lái)說(shuō)是…，C選項(xiàng)符合句意，正確。

11.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

皮影戲（ShadowPlay）是中國(guó)民間廣為流傳的傀儡戲之一，兩千年前的西漢時(shí)期誕生在中國(guó)陜西，清代在河北盛極一時(shí)。皮影戲的人物道具用獸皮或紙板剪成，演員在一塊隔亮布后操縱道具進(jìn)行表演。中國(guó)的不少地方戲曲劇種都是從皮影戲中派生而來(lái)。如今，中國(guó)皮影被世界各國(guó)的博物館收藏，還是中國(guó)政府與其他國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人相互往來(lái)時(shí)的饋贈(zèng)佳品。

【答案】AsoneoftheearliestoperaformsandasortofwidespreadpuppetplayinChina,ShadowpuppetrywasborninShaanxi,China,duringtheWesternHanDynasty2,000yearsago,andflourishedinHebeiduringtheQingDynasty.Itscharactersandpropsaremadeofanimalskinsorpaperboardsandthestorywasperformedbyilluminatingtheseimageswiththehelpoflamplight.Whileperforming,theperformersmanipulatethecharactersbehindthewhitecurtain.ManylocaloperasinChinaarederivedfromshadowplay.Nowadays,Chineseshadowpuppetsarecollectedinmuseumsaroundtheworld,andareoftenpresentedasgiftsbytheChinesegovernmenttoleadersofothercountrieswhentheyinteractwitheachother.

12.單選題

Itisnotcompatiblewiththeequalitarianidealthatthereshouldbesharpdifferencesinthescaleofmonetaryrewardforservicesperformed.InNewZealand,careoftheunderdoghaslongsincebeenamoreimportantconsiderationthanisthecaseinmanyothercountries.Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement.Thecountry’scitizenshavecometoregardsocialsecurityastheirinalienableright,butbytakingtooreadilyforgrantedtheState’sobligationtowardsthemselvestheyareapttolosesightoftheconversepropositionthattheythemselveshaveobligationstotheState.

Thereluctancetorewardskilledlaboratratescalculatedtoprovideanincentiveforacquiringskillhasitscounterpartinthereluctancetoremuneratethenations’bestscholarsandscientistsonascalesufficienttokeepafairproportionofthemathome.

Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree.Underanycircumstances,regardlessofmonetaryreward,theintellectualelitewouldbetemptedtogoabroadinsearchofawiderfieldofendeavorthancanbefoundinsosmallacountryasNewZealand.

Inasocietywheregreatwealthisregardedasantisocial,itisnaturalthatostentationshouldbelookedataskance.Marksofdistinctionareliabletobehandicap.Forinstance,thepoliticianwhoacceptsatitledoesnotusuallyimprovehischancesofgainingorretainingofficebydoingso.RichardSeddon,itwillberemembered,consistentlyanddoubtlesswisely,refusedtoacceptaknighthood.Wealthcarrieswithitaminimumofprestige;itisapositivedisadvantagetotheaspiranttoapoliticalcareer.StronglymarkedindividualityoreccentricityareseldominevidenceamongNewZealanders,andevenwheretheydoexist,thequalitiesaretoleratedratherthanappreciated.Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.“Infaceandfeature,inmindandtaste,”writesGreenbie,“themodernNewZealandersaresomuchalikethatitishardtorememberthenamesofpersonsyoumeetcasuallyforlackofdistinguishingcharacteristicstowhichtheeyecancling.”

Underconditionssuchasthosedescribedabove,itisnotsurprisingthatnoprivilegedclassshouldhavecomeintoexistencethroughlongpossessionoflandedestateorotherpermanentsourceofincome.Nevertheless,theclaimthatNewZealandershavedevelopedaclasslesssocietycanscarcelybesubstantiated.Snobbery,whendiscouragedinonequarter,.ispronetoappearinsomenewformelsewhere.RecentinvestigationsbyA.A.CongaltonandR.J.Havighurstshowthatthereisafairlywelldefinedanduniversalappreciationofthegraduatedsocialstatusattachingtovarioussocialoccupations.Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.Incidentally,theinvestigationalsobroughttolightthefactthatanyattempttoinquireintotheexistenceofsocialdistinctionswithinthecommunityinvariablyrousedresentment.

Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbeliefthatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.Inpioneerdays,whenhandswerefewandsubsistencehardtowin,itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.Atthebeginningofthegreatslump,whenForbesthePrimeMinister,shockedatwhatthehadseenofthe“dole”duringavisittoEngland,declaredthatsolongasheretainedofficetherewouldbenopaymentwithoutwork,hiswordsappealedtoamoralpreceptdeeplyinculcatednotonlyinthemindsofreactionariesbutofmanyradicalsaswell.

1.OneresultofNewZealand’sefforttoabolishpovertyis______.

2.Somehighabilitypeoplepreferacareeroverseasbecauseof______.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheNewZealandsociety?

4.NewZealandisnotaclasslesssocietyinthat______.

5.Ifpeoplebelievethatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,theywilldoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sharpdifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor

B.theegalitarianidealbecomesincompatible

C.careoftheunderdogbecomesmoreimportant

D.skilllearningandself-improvementarenotdesired

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fiercecompetitionathome

B.highersocialstatusoverseas

C.moreopportunitiesabroad

D.monetaryrewardathome

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ostentation

B.Eccentricity

C.Individuality

D.Conformity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.snobberyisdiscouragedeverywhereinNewZealand

B.peoplewithmorewealthseemtoenjoyahighsocialstatus

C.thedifferencebetweentherichandthepoorisgreat

D.NewZealandersdon’thaveapermanentsourceofincome

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.seeidlenessasavice

B.trytheirbestnottobeidle

C.notacceptaprivilegedclass

D.inquireintosocialdistinctions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement（歷屆政府可能會(huì)不無(wú)道理地宣稱(chēng)已經(jīng)消除了貧困，但這一切都發(fā)生在對(duì)熟練工人和非熟練工人的報(bào)酬差距縮小的情況下，這就剝奪了人們獲得技能、追求自我提高的動(dòng)力）。D選項(xiàng)“技能學(xué)習(xí)和自我提高都不受歡迎”，文章第一段提到，消除貧困的結(jié)果就是剝奪了人們獲得技能，追求自我提高的動(dòng)力，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“貧富之間的巨大差異”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“照顧弱者變得更加重要”，文章所說(shuō)，照顧弱者早已成為比其他許多國(guó)家更重要的考慮因素，而不是消除貧困所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第三段第一句Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree（事實(shí)往往令人遺憾的是，如此多的最有能力的年輕人寧愿在海外工作，但更高的薪水是否能阻止他們離開(kāi)，而不僅僅是一個(gè)次要學(xué)位，這是值得懷疑的）。C選項(xiàng)“更多的機(jī)會(huì)在國(guó)外”，從文章來(lái)看，文章提到無(wú)論金錢(qián)的高低，知識(shí)精英們都會(huì)被誘惑到國(guó)外去尋找比新西蘭這樣一個(gè)小國(guó)更廣闊的領(lǐng)域，也就可以推測(cè)，海外有更多的機(jī)會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合文章所說(shuō)。A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“海外較高的社會(huì)地位”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)的金錢(qián)回報(bào)”，文章所說(shuō)，無(wú)論經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)的高低，知識(shí)精英們都會(huì)被誘惑到國(guó)外去，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段倒數(shù)第三句Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.（順從的原則占上風(fēng)，如果美國(guó)作家西德尼?格林比的話(huà)可信的話(huà)，它已經(jīng)在自治領(lǐng)居民中產(chǎn)生了相當(dāng)程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）。D選項(xiàng)“遵守；符合”，從文章來(lái)看，新西蘭社會(huì)中順從原則會(huì)占上風(fēng)，可推測(cè)，遵守最能描述新西蘭社會(huì)，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“賣(mài)弄；虛飾”，文章沒(méi)有提到這一點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“古怪；怪癖”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性；個(gè)人”，文章所說(shuō)強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)性或怪癖在新西蘭人身上很少有明顯的表現(xiàn)，即使有，這些品質(zhì)也得到容忍而不是贊賞，可排除C選項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.（醫(yī)生、律師、大商人等級(jí)高于政府部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人、神職人員、大學(xué)教授”等一系列相關(guān)問(wèn)題的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，“醫(yī)生、律師、大商人等級(jí)高于政府部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人、神職人員、大學(xué)教授等級(jí)”；辦公室工作人員比店員得分高，礦工比碼頭工人得分高，等等）。也就可以推測(cè)，新西蘭社會(huì)是存在著階級(jí)關(guān)系，并且造成階級(jí)關(guān)系明顯的就是貧富差距。C選項(xiàng)“富人和窮人之間的差別很大”，符合文章內(nèi)容，貧富差距造成的階級(jí)關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“在新西蘭，勢(shì)利是不受歡迎的”，文章所說(shuō)，勢(shì)力如果被禁止，那么它就會(huì)在別的地方新出現(xiàn)，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“富有的人似乎享有較高的社會(huì)地位”，文章沒(méi)有提到富人會(huì)享受更高的社會(huì)地位，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“新西蘭人沒(méi)有固定的收入來(lái)源”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段。D選項(xiàng)“探究社會(huì)差異”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，人們不會(huì)去探究社會(huì)的差異，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“把懶惰看成一種惡習(xí)”，可以定位到文章第六段第二句Itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.（整天無(wú)所事事確實(shí)是一種罪過(guò)，把無(wú)所事事視為惡習(xí)的習(xí)慣一直存在著），也就是把懶惰看成一種惡習(xí)，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“盡量不閑著”，文章第六段第一句workhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.（工作本身有一種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不管它有沒(méi)有用處），當(dāng)人們把工作視為一種美德的時(shí)候，那么可推測(cè)，人們會(huì)自愿出去工作，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“不接受特權(quán)階級(jí)”，文章第六段第一句Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbelief.（特權(quán)階級(jí)也是一個(gè)悠閑的階級(jí)，對(duì)它的排斥與一種根深蒂固的信念是一致的），可推測(cè)如果人們?nèi)スぷ鳎悴粫?huì)接受特權(quán)，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theaimofmakingself-criticismforthemistakeistohelpus______sothatweshallnotrepeatthemlater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.showoff

B.holdout

C.measureup

D.soberup

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。showoff“炫耀”；holdout“主張”；measureup“合格”；soberup“（使）清醒”。句意：對(duì)錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行自我批評(píng)是為了讓我們更加清醒，不再重蹈覆轍。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

“Tear’emapart“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee!”

Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotationsmaycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.

Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent”is“adversary”，“enemy”，“onewhoopposesyourinterests.’，Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenare