考研考博-英語-攀枝花攀西職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-攀枝花攀西職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

1.Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction,hewasdeterminedtohaveit______bythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany.

2.Ishouldpreferthetitleofancientphilosopher,“acitizenoftheworld’toanyother______whatever.

3.Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprincipleswhichapplytothefacts,astheyexist,andthenbyanintellectualsurveyof______possibilitieswhichareconsistentwiththoseprinciples.

4.Theypayasmuch______totheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning.

5.Nay,thereisnostandor______inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.

問題1選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題2選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題3選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題4選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

問題5選項

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

I.justified

J.ratified

【答案】第1題:J

第2題:E

第3題:F

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.deference遵從，尊重F.alternative可供替代的；可供選擇的事物

B.emulation仿效G.multiplicity多樣性，多種多樣

C.impediment妨礙，阻礙H.alleviate減輕，緩和

D.demonstration示范，證明I.justified有正當理由的；證明……正當

E.appellation名稱，稱呼J.ratified批準

1.【答案】J

【解題思路】根據(jù)have可知，havesth.done為固定搭配，表示“完成某事”，所以空格處要填入一個過去分詞，只有I項和J項能選。由句子意思“他決定通過公司全體成員的投票來______他的意見”可知，空格處填入“批準”符合句意。因此，該題選擇J項。

【句意】他不滿于自己的意見能夠毫無異議地獲得通過，于是決定通過公司全體成員的投票來批準他的意見。

2.【答案】E

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為名詞。Prefer…to…表示“相比……更喜歡……”，根據(jù)前半句中的thetitleof（……的稱謂）可知，空格部分表示“稱呼”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇E項。

【句意】相對于其他任何稱呼，我寧愿稱作古代哲人，即一個世界公民。

3.【答案】F

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為形容詞，只有F項和I項能選。根據(jù)句子意思“它通過引出適用于存在事實的一般原則，然后對與這些原則相一致的______可能性進行理智的考察來發(fā)揮作用”可知，由possibilities可推斷，空格處填入alternative符合句意。因此，該題選擇F項。

【句意】它通過引出適用于存在事實的一般原則，然后對與這些原則相一致的各種可能性進行理智的考察來發(fā)揮作用。

4.【答案】A

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為含有動作意義的名詞。由句意“他們______有學問的人的理解力，同樣也______有地位的人的理解力”可知，選項中只有deference符合句子意思。因此，本題正確答案為A選項。

【句意】他們既尊重有學問的人的理解力，同樣也尊重有地位的人的理解力。

5.【答案】C

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)為名詞。由or可知，空格處的詞語與前面的stand（停滯）含義相近，選項中只有impediment表示“停滯”的意思。因此，本題正確答案為C選項。

【句意】人之才智但有滯礙，無不可讀適當之書使之順暢。

2.單選題

4.

問題1選項

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定詞組。beonthesafeside意為“安全可靠，穩(wěn)妥”。

3.單選題

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】句意:太空時代始于1957年10月，當時蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。

考查動詞辨析。initiate開始；創(chuàng)始：發(fā)起（及物動詞，其后不需跟介詞）；originate起源；發(fā)生；embark著手；從事；上船或飛機；commence開始（可充當不及物動詞，后跟介詞in）；著手。空格后有介詞in，因此D項正確。

4.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（）oflessons.

問題1選項

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】句意:在他們教師培訓的第一年，學生們?yōu)榱擞^摩課程經(jīng)常參觀當?shù)貙W校。

考查名詞辨析。observation監(jiān)視，觀察；investigation調(diào)查，研究;inspection檢查，視察；examination檢查。因此A項符合句意，在此處表示“觀摩”。

5.單選題

Westernmovieshavebeensuchfavoritesthattheyhave____thepublic’sconceptionofwhatthewesternworldis.

問題1選項

A.changed

B.dominated

C.constructed

D.complicated

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.changed改變B.dominated控制；支配；主導

C.constructed組成；創(chuàng)建；構(gòu)建D.complicated使復雜化

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】句意：西方電影是如此受歡迎，以至于它們____公眾對西方世界的概念。由此可知，空格處所填詞的賓語是“概念”，并且填它是“西方電影是如此受歡迎”的結(jié)果。公眾們喜歡看西方的電影，通過電影形成了對西方世界的認識，C選項constructed“組成；創(chuàng)建；構(gòu)建”符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義邏輯。

【句意】西方電影是如此受歡迎，以至于它們構(gòu)建了公眾對西方世界的概念。

6.單選題

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.

Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“l(fā)essismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.

Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.

TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.

Thetrendtoward“l(fā)ess”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.

The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“l(fā)essismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.

1.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?

3.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign（）.

4.WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?

問題1選項

A.prosperityandgrowth

B.efficiencyandpracticality

C.restraintandconfidence

D.prideandfaithfulness

問題2選項

A.ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.

B.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.

C.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.

D.IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

問題3選項

A.wasrelatedtolargespace

B.wasidentifiedwithemptiness

C.wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration

D.wasnotassociatedwithefficiency

問題4選項

A.Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.

B.Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.

C.Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.

D.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

問題5選項

A.Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.

B.Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration.

C.Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.

D.Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段“WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth…”我們傾向于認為二戰(zhàn)后的幾十年是繁榮和發(fā)展的時期。由此可知A選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Thephrase‘lessismore’wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.”事實上，“l(fā)essismore”一詞最初是由一位德國建筑師路德維希?密斯?凡德羅普及的。他和其他與包豪斯設(shè)計學院有關(guān)的人一樣，在二戰(zhàn)前移民到美國，并在美國建筑學院任職。由此可知C選項MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.大多數(shù)美國建筑師曾經(jīng)與它聯(lián)系在一起符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第四段“Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.”密斯的名言是，少裝飾，合理組織，會產(chǎn)生更大的影響。他認為優(yōu)雅不是來自豐富。由此可知C選項wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration不依賴于豐富的裝飾正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第五段“Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.”但它們之所以受歡迎，是因為它們有通風的玻璃墻，提供的視野，以及建筑的優(yōu)雅、細節(jié)和比例，這種與當時流行的抽象藝術(shù)相當?shù)慕ㄖL格。由此可知D選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.”在他的個案研究室里，拉爾夫的日常生活——很少有美國家庭購買直升機，但大多數(shù)家庭最終都買了干衣機——但他自給自足的信念得到了廣泛的認同。由此可知機器設(shè)備已經(jīng)得到使用，因此選項A正確。

7.單選題

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whiletheVictoriannovelcontinuestobeagrowthindustryinAcademe.Eagerly,oneturnstoProfessorHalperin’s“ACriticalIntroduction”tonineteenessaysbyasmanyprofessorsofEnglishProfessorHalperinhasnotaneasywaywithourrichlanguage.Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof“someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime”willbebetterthanhisown.

AmericanprofessorsofEnglishhaveneverhadaneasytimewithFrenchtheoreticiansofthenovel(closescrutinyofthequotationfromBarthesrevealsthatitwastakenfromanEnglishnotanAmericantranslation).Nevertheless,despitevarioushedgeslike“mayinevitably,”ProfessorHalperinhasrecklesslyenrolledhimselfintheschoolofParis(classof56).Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel“isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself.”Asidefromthepresumptionofpretendingtoknowwhatanywriterhasinmind(isheinevitablybutnotconsciouslydescribingormimickingtherealworld?),itisnativetoassumethataman-madenovelcaneverresembleameteorfallenfromouterspace,aperfectlyautonomousartifactwhoseraisondetreis“withtherelationshipsamongthevariousstructuralelementswithintheworkoffictionitself”ratherthan“betweenreaderandtext.”ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from“thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.”Andso,indubiousbattle,unconscioussentienciesclashintheEnglishdepartmentsoftheWestwithinsentientconsciousnesses.

Ingeneral,ProfessorHalperin’snovel-theoristshavenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature.Whythendotheywritewhentheyhavenothingtosay?Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.Theresultofallthisbook-chatcannotinterestanyonewhoknowsliteraturewhilethosewhowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutbookscanonlybemystifiedanddiscouragedbythesecommentaries.CertainlyitisnoaccidentthatthenumberofstudentstakingEnglishcourseshasbeenindeclineforsomeyears.Butthatisbesidethepoint.Whatmattersisthattheeffortsoftheteachersnowunderreviewadduptoatleastahalfmillenniumofacademictenure.

Rebirthofthenovel?Thatseemsunlikely.TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding.AmbitiousnovelistsarepoignantlyawareofthegeneraldeclineinwhatProfessorHalperinwouldcall“readingskills”.MuchofMr.DonaldBarthelme’smeanstobeironic.Ofcourseheknowshisbookisnotveryinterestingtoread,butthenlifeisnotveryinterestingtoliveeither.Hopefully,asProfessorHalperinwouldsay,thebookwillself-destructonceithasbeenrituallypraisedwhereverEnglishistaughtbutnotlearned.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsJohnHalperin’scredentialsandpastpublicationsisbestdescribedas（

）.

2.Theauthorarguesthatcontemporaryliterarycriticismproducedbytheacademy（

）.

3.Theauthordifferentiatesbetweentwotypesofnovels:

（

）.

4.Theauthoriscriticaloftheideathatthenovel

（

）.

5.TheauthorofthisessaybelievesthatHalperin（

）.

問題1選項

A.collegial

B.condescending

C.compassionate

D.cynical

問題2選項

A.isstronglyinfluencedbycriticalworkswrittenbyFrenchphilosophers

B.isusefulonlyinsofarasissecuresitsauthor’sacademiccareer

C.reflectsanunhealthysenseofnihilism

D.servesasanexampleoftheinterface“betweenreaderandtext”

問題3選項

A.oneartfullycreatedforpeoplewholovetoread,theothersloppedtogetherforscholasticanalysis

B.onewell-writtenandintendedforscholars,theotherpoorly-writtenandintendedforthepublic

C.thosethatareworthwhileandthosethatareproducedforthemass-market

D.onethatislifelessandmeantforanalysisbythepublic,theotherpoorly-writtenandmeantforthereadingenjoymentofthepublic

問題4選項

A.meansmanydifferentthingstomanydifferentpeople

B.istheresultofauthorialintentandinteractionwiththeoutsideworld

C.isacollaborativework

D.iscreatedandbeunderstoodentirelyofandwithinitself

問題5選項

A.hascreatedausefulandwell-writtenanthology

B.ultimatelymakesvaluable,ifcontroversial,claimsaboutmodernliterature

C.isabetteranalystthanwriter

D.assumestoomuchaboutfictionwriters’intentionsandmindsets

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.觀點態(tài)度題。對于Halperin教授頭銜的學術(shù)分量，作者認為“Thisistrueacademicweight.”但是文章中引用了一些加引號的語句，充滿了諷刺感。尤其第一段最后一句話“Nevertheless,oneopenshisbookinthehopethattheproseof'someofthemostdistinguishedcriticsofourtime'willbebetterthanhisown.”更是表明了作者對其的諷刺意味。因此D選項符合題意。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。文章第三段提到“Becausetheambitiousteachercanonlyriseintheacademicbureaucracybywritingatcomplicatedlengthaboutwritingthathasalreadybeenmuchwrittenabout.”可知有遠大目標的教師寫文章的目的是提升學術(shù)地位。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到“TheUniversity-noveltendstobestillborn,suitableonlyforclassroombiopsy.ThePublic-novelcontinuestobewrittenbuttheaudienceforitisreadinganythingatalldifficultandunrewarding”大學類小說適合上課用，大眾類小說通俗易懂，但沒有多少閱讀價值。因此B選項“一篇寫得很好，是為學者準備的，另一篇寫得很差，是為公眾準備的”符合題意。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到了Halperin教授對小說的觀點“Asaresult,hebelievesthattheautonomousnovel‘isnotcreatedasaconsciousrepresentationofanythingoutsideitself’…ApparentlythenovelisnolongerwhatJamesconceivedit,astorytold,inProfessorHalperin’shappyphrase,from‘thelimitedperspectiveofasinglesentientconsciousness.’”他認為小說就是講故事，除了小說本身，不會再傳遞其他信息或表示其他任何事物。因此D選項符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。作者認為Halperin教授“havenothingveryurgentorinterestingtosayaboutliterature”，排除A和B選項；C選項“與其說是個作家，不如說是分析家”未提及。第二段提到了Halperin教授認為小說的價值在于“與小說本身各類結(jié)構(gòu)元素之間的關(guān)系”，而不是“讀者與文本之間”，因此D選項“假設(shè)太多關(guān)于小說作者的意圖和心態(tài)”符合題意。

8.單選題

IhadeatenChinesefoodoften,butIcouldnothaveimaginedhow（

）andextravagantarealChinesebanquetcouldbe.

問題1選項

A.fabulous

B.gracious

C.handsome

D.prominent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。fabulous“難以置信的；極好的”；gracious“親切的；高尚的”；handsome“（男子）英俊的”；prominent“突出的，顯著的”。句意：我經(jīng)常吃中餐，但是我無法想象真正的中式宴會會有多么好，多么奢侈。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

問題1選項

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsessive強迫性的，著迷的；concessive讓步的，妥協(xié)的;successive連續(xù)的，接替的；excessive過度的。句意：去年我們學校足球隊連續(xù)贏了四場比賽。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

SomeBritishuniversitiesarestate-supported,othersareprivately（

）andstillothersaresupportedbyreligiousorigination.

問題1選項

A.ensured

B.attributed

C.authorized

D.endowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。ensure“保證，確?！?；attribute“歸屬，把······歸于”；authorize“批準，認可”；endow“資助，捐贈”。根據(jù)前半句句意“一些英國大學是政府創(chuàng)建的”，后半句“其他有些由宗教組織資助”，可以推出空格處要填入support的同義詞，所以選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Lessthantwomonthsintoherbreastcancertreatment,AlexandraJn-CharleswascalledintoanewroomatSUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,wheretwotreatingphysicians,thechiefmedicalofficerandanattorneyrepresentingthehospitaltoldherthatmistakeshadbeenmade.

Theskinlesions(病變)onherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessions,butatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation.

Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.Theworstoffhavereportedskindamage,inexplicablehairlossandribs(肋骨)bucklingbeneaththeirchests—debilitatinginjuriessufferedwhileundergoingscreeningortreatmentforsomethingthatwouldotherwisekillthem.Asteeppriceforsurvival.

Thesetragediesgotothecoreofanissueaspressingasitisuncomfortabletothinkabout:Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?

Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingnumberofhealthexperts,isyes.Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“Whatwedoasphysiciansarguablyharmspeople,”JamesEhrlich,aclinicalassociateprofessorattheUniversityofColoradoandanadviserforPremierMicronutrientCorp.,toldNewsweek.

Ajarringexampleofthatcamein2010,whenWaltBogdanichpublishedanextensivereviewinTheNewYorkTimesthatlistednumerouspatientswhoseliveshadbeendestroyedbymistakesinhospitalimagingandradiotherapy.Shortlyafterthearticleserieswenttopress,theFoodandDrugAdministrationbegantorampupitseffortstolimitexcessiveexposure,eventuallylaunchingitsInitiativetoReduceUnnecessaryRadiationExposureFromMedicalImaging.

AlongwithorganizationsliketheAmericanCollegeofRadiology,theFDAnowsupportsanumberofso-calleddoseregistriesthatallowfacilitiestocompareradiationdoseindexestoregionalandnationalvalues.Todate,hundredsoffacilitiesacrosstheU.S.haveenrolled.

ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients:A2012paperbytheInstituteofMedicinefoundthatmedicalimagingisoneoftheleadingenvironmentalcausesofbreastcancer_____.

1.TheskindamageonJn-Charles’chestwascausedby_____.

2.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbyexemplifyingJn-Charles?

3.WhatcanbelearntabouttheCTscan?

4.Whatdoestheword“rampup”mean?

5.TheauthorthinksFDA’ssolutiontoreduceradiationexposureis_____.

問題1選項

A.breastcancer

B.advancedtechnology

C.over-radiation

D.treatmentmethods

問題2選項

A.Thereisnoneedtowastesomuchmoneyfortotreatbreastcancer.

B.Untilnow,breastcancerisstillanincurableillnessaroundtheworld.

C.Thereisanincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplesufferingfromcancer.

D.ThereareincidentsofexcessiveirradiationofpatientsinAmerica.

問題3選項

A.Itisadouble-edgedswordinthetermofcancer.

B.Ithasbeenarguedinthemedicalprofession.

C.Itismuchsafertobeusedtotreatbreastcancer.

D.Theradiationdosagescanbecontrolledeasily.

問題4選項

A.Heatup.

B.Drawout.

C.Intensify.

D.Putup.

問題5選項

A.ineffective

B.loose

C.harmful

D.unnecessary

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第二段第一句話Theskinlesionsonherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessionbutatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation“他們說：她胸部的皮膚損傷不是因為她的病而是因為應(yīng)該治好她的機器。這位32歲的患者接受了近30次放療但在這一點上，沒有真正的意義去計算它們，因為一個程序錯誤導致每個裝置提供了至少三倍于規(guī)定的輻射量”，第二步，綜合理解，由此可知答案選C選項“過度放療”。

A選項“乳腺癌”，見正確選項解析，可知Ａ選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾；

B選項“先進的科技”，定位到文章第四段第二句話Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?“技術(shù)的進步、治療方法的改進和更全面的篩查方案是否導致了對患者的系統(tǒng)性、過度照射？”文章雖然有提到先進技術(shù)，但這不是Jn-Charles胸部受傷的原因，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“治療方法”，見正確選項解析，是因為程序錯誤導致患者接受了三倍的輻射，所以才造成患者出現(xiàn)灼傷，如果按照規(guī)定輻射來可能不會出現(xiàn)這種情況，所以不能選D選項，屬于曲解文意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第三段第一句話Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.“在這次會議結(jié)束兩年半后的2005年，Jn-Charles去世了，他最終成為美國醫(yī)院意外過度輻射的典型例子”，由此可知答案選D選項“在美國也有病人接受過度照射的案例”。

A選項“沒有必要浪費這么多錢去治療乳腺癌”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選；

B選項“到目前為止，乳腺癌在世界范圍內(nèi)仍是一種不治之癥”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選；

C選項“越來越多的年輕人患癌癥”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，所以不能選。

3.事實細節(jié)題。第一步，精準定位，定位到第五段第二句Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecomecommonplaceinresponsetorisingcancerrates,isitselfthoughttoincreasethelikelihoodthatapersondevelopscancer.“例如，CT掃描在應(yīng)對不斷上升的癌癥發(fā)病率時已變得司空見慣，但它本身被認為會增加一個人患癌癥的可能性”，第二步綜合理解，從這里可知，在檢測是否患癌癥時，醫(yī)生一般會用CT，但是CT會讓使用者更容易得癌，所以說CT是把有利有弊的雙刃劍，正確答案選A選項“對于癌癥來說，這是一把雙刃劍”。

B選項“醫(yī)學界對此一直爭論不休”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有，不選；

C選項“用于治療乳腺癌要安全得多”，定位到第五段倒數(shù)第二句話ThescansdeliverseveralhundredtimesmoreradiationthananX-ray—evenwhenguidelinesanddosagesarefollowedprecisely.“這種掃描產(chǎn)生的輻射量是X射線的數(shù)百倍——即使嚴格遵循指導方針和劑量”由此可知C選項錯誤這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項“輻射劑量很容易控制”，雖然這里有提到劑量，但是沒有提到劑量是否容易控制，而且文章病例是因為過度輻射而造成的，所以文章暗含著其實劑量不容易控制，這里屬于無中生有。

4.詞匯推斷題。第一步，句中前后信息連接，rampup前面接的是一個機構(gòu)后面接的是努力，第二步，上下文語義推測，整段的大意是一個令人吃驚的案例發(fā)表之后獲得很大的關(guān)注，然后某機構(gòu)出來推動限制使用輻射，避免患者過多暴露在輻射中，由上下文意可知，該機構(gòu)在收到反饋之后是加大自己的努力，從這里可知答案選C選項“增強，強化”。

A選項“加熱，升溫”，不符合文章意思，屬于無中生有；

B選項“擬定，導致”；

D選項“提供；建造”。

5.事實細節(jié)題，第一步，精準定位，定位到文章最后一段一二句ButtheFDA’sregulatoryauthorityisgenerallyfocusedonequipmentmanufacturers,andcomplianceonthestatelevelisneverguaranteed.Andevencompliantfacilitiesruntheriskofover-radiatingpatients．．．“但FDA的監(jiān)管機構(gòu)一般只關(guān)注設(shè)備制造商，無法保證州一級的合規(guī)。即使是符合規(guī)定的醫(yī)療機構(gòu)也有對病人進行過度輻射的風險……”，由此可見作者對FDA所采取的措施有效與否是持否定態(tài)度的，所以答案選A選項“無效的”。

B選項“松散的”，文章并沒有提及FDA在實施這些措施的時候是否嚴格，所以B選項不能選，屬于無中生有；

C選項“有害的”，文章沒有提到有害之處，屬于無中生有；

D選項“沒必要的”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

12.單選題

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

問題1選項

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項remedy“補救”；B選項compensation“補償，報酬”；C選項treatment“治療，處理”；D選項comfort“安慰，舒適”。句意：他的父母給了他許多昂貴的玩具，作為他跛腳而不能玩活動類游戲的某種補償。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespooks(間諜)callit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

FriedmanreliesonaleanStaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback