考研考博-英語-克孜勒蘇職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-克孜勒蘇職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thegroupoftechniciansareengagedinastudywhich（

）allaspectsofurbanplanning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inserts

B.grips

C.performs

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這組技術(shù)人員正忙于一項(xiàng)涉及到城市規(guī)劃所有方面的研究。

動(dòng)詞辨析。Insert插入，嵌入;grip抓住，緊握;perform執(zhí)行,完成;embrace擁抱,包含。故D符合句意。

2.單選題

Agrowingnumberofcollegeofficials,guidancecounselorsandeducationexpertswouldliketoeliminate,orsharplycurtail(減少)earlyadmission(提前錄取)—aprocessinwhichmanycollegesadmitasubstantialpercentageoftheirstudentsinthefall.Controversyisparticularlyheatedregardingmanyearlyadmissionprogramsthatrequireapplicantstogiveupthechancetoapplyelsewhere.

Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.

ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.Inasignofjusthowcompetitivetheadmissionsprocesshasbecome,hesaidhisuniversitycouldnotmakesuchamovealone.Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.

Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.ManytopprivatecollegesnowacceptmorethanathirdoftheirfreshmanclassesintheweeksbeforeChristmas,significantlyreducingthenumberofspotsavailableinthespring.Fornextyear,Stanfordalreadyhaspicked34%ofitsfreshmanclass;Yalehaschosen42%ofits.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniahaslockedup49.5%ofitsenteringclass.

Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade,especiallysincethemid-1990s,whenYale,PrincetonandStanfordallinstitutedbindingearlydecision.Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.

31.Insomepeople’sopinion,earlyadmissions（）.

32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,Yaleclaimedthat（）.

34.Inrecentyears,earlyadmissions（）.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetoearlyadmissionis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbeabolishedinthefuture

B.causeunfaircompetitionincolleges

C.attractmoreandmorestudents

D.arepopularwithoutentranceexams

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.earlyadmissionsincludeexcellentstudentsineveryschool

B.parentsareagainstearlyadmissionsabsolutely

C.manyparentslearnlittleabouttheearlyadmissionsystem

D.thepeoplewhohavetheupperhandhasmorechancesinearlyadmissions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyweresatisfiedwiththestudentsfromearlyadmissions

B.theywerecriticalofthedeedofothercolleges

C.theywereawareofthedisadvantagesoftheearlyadmissionsystem

D.theywouldreformthecurrentearlyadmissionsystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.changedthestandardfully

B.werelesscompetitive

C.werebecomingmoreandmorepopular

D.werenotpublicizedinspringanylonger

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.despairing

D.conservative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.推理判斷題。定位在文章第二段第一句Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.（反對提前錄取的人提出了一些批評言論。）Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說，這種做法加劇了進(jìn)入美國頂尖大學(xué)的不健康競爭。）由此可知提前錄取會(huì)引起大學(xué)不公平競爭。B選項(xiàng)“會(huì)造成大學(xué)里不公平的競爭”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“將來會(huì)被廢除”，C選項(xiàng)“吸引越來越多的學(xué)生”，D選項(xiàng)“沒有入學(xué)考試很受歡迎”，A，C，D在文章中并未涉及，可排除。故選B。

32.推理判斷題。定位在第二段最后一句Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.（此外，批評人士說，提前錄取不公平地讓一些申請人獲得了優(yōu)勢，主要是那些已經(jīng)有很多優(yōu)勢的學(xué)生——就讀于精英私立學(xué)校和富裕的公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生，這些學(xué)校的家庭和輔導(dǎo)員都知道如何從招生系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā)。）A選項(xiàng)“每所學(xué)校的優(yōu)秀生都被提前錄取”，B選項(xiàng)“家長堅(jiān)決反對提前錄取”，C選項(xiàng)“許多家長對提前錄取制度了解甚少”，A，B，C選項(xiàng)在文章中并未提及，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“那些占上風(fēng)的人在提前錄取方面機(jī)會(huì)更大”正確，故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第三段ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.（本月早些時(shí)候，耶魯大學(xué)的總統(tǒng)教授提出，耶魯和其他精英機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該考慮放棄早期的項(xiàng)目，這引發(fā)了這場爭論。）Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.（甚至一些提前被他們想要的大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生也說，這個(gè)過程壓力太大，太早了。）由此推論耶魯大學(xué)和提前錄取的學(xué)生都覺得這項(xiàng)制度有不合理的地方。A選項(xiàng)“他們對提前錄取的學(xué)生感到滿意”，未提及。B選項(xiàng)“他們對其他學(xué)院的行為持批評態(tài)度”，只是倡議取消，并未提出批評，C選項(xiàng)“他們意識(shí)到了提前錄取制度的弊端”正確，正是意識(shí)到了弊端才會(huì)提出考慮放棄提前錄取的項(xiàng)目。D選項(xiàng)“他們將改革現(xiàn)行的提前錄取制度”，太過肯定，還處在提議爭論中，并未得出結(jié)果。故選C。

34.推理判斷題。定位在第四段第一句Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.（“提前決定”和“提前行動(dòng)”項(xiàng)目的使用，以不同的方式，讓學(xué)生比通常的春季通知提前幾個(gè)月被錄取。近年來，這些項(xiàng)目的使用激增，有人說達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的高點(diǎn)。）Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade…（提前錄取政策已經(jīng)存在了至少20年。但它們的使用——以及圍繞它們的爭議——在過去10年中不斷增長），由關(guān)鍵詞soar“激增”，grown“生長，擴(kuò)大”，我們可以推理出提前錄取到現(xiàn)在還是普遍盛行的。因此C選項(xiàng)“變得越來越受歡迎”正確。A選項(xiàng)“完全改變了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”并未談及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，B選項(xiàng)“競爭性較弱”，Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說，這種做法加劇了進(jìn)入美國頂尖大學(xué)的不健康競爭。）表述錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)“在春天不再宣傳了”，據(jù)第四段第一句可知，表述有誤。故選C。

35.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在文章中的最后一句Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.（這些項(xiàng)目顯然對大學(xué)而言是有利的，允許學(xué)校鎖定有才華的年輕學(xué)者，提高自己在有影響力的大學(xué)中的地位排名。）由此可知作者覺得這項(xiàng)制度還是有利可取的。故A選項(xiàng)“樂觀的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“悲觀的”，C選項(xiàng)“絕望的”，D選項(xiàng)“保守的”均可排除，故選A。

3.單選題

Ihavebeenlivinginadormroom,（

）facesnorth,forthreeyearsandhavesufferedalot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewindow

B.whichwindow

C.whosewindow

D.itswindow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我在一個(gè)窗戶朝北的宿舍里已住了三年，這讓我受了很多苦。

語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析題干和選項(xiàng)可知,句子主干為Ihavebeenlivinginadormroomforthreeyearsandhavesufferedalot,而“facesnorth”為room的定語,window（窗戶）和room(房間)是從屬關(guān)系,所以用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。

4.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個(gè)詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項(xiàng)“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項(xiàng)“該公司逐步、有條件地實(shí)行了禁煙令”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺?。）可知，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項(xiàng)“總的來說，吸煙的員工對公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項(xiàng)“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認(rèn)為是少數(shù)愛發(fā)牢騷的人”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬美國人的事情都應(yīng)該采取果斷的行動(dòng)，所有強(qiáng)壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來掩蓋這個(gè)國家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關(guān)的事實(shí)。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來展示，故A項(xiàng)“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項(xiàng)“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關(guān)系”從文中推斷不出來；C項(xiàng)“一般來說，香煙廣告是為了誤導(dǎo)不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導(dǎo)不吸煙者也可能誤導(dǎo)吸煙者；D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無煙工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)，第二段闡述了提供無煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實(shí)行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結(jié)，吸煙導(dǎo)致的增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、死亡和工作時(shí)間損失都會(huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成一定的損失，所以提供無煙工作環(huán)境是一個(gè)商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護(hù)，C項(xiàng)“為在工作場所控制吸煙的做法辯護(hù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“批判吸煙的習(xí)慣對健康有害”和B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)無煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關(guān)的問題的論點(diǎn)”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關(guān)的成本也在侵蝕我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。最近的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費(fèi)30分鐘的時(shí)間摸索火柴和打火機(jī)，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)國會(huì)研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、過早死亡和工作時(shí)間損失給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙者耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設(shè)”、C項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的導(dǎo)致過早死亡的健康問題”和D項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的成本削弱了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的事實(shí)”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項(xiàng)“吸煙嚴(yán)重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.,1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.,2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.,3.Neverwill1notdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

StephenWilliamHawking,oneofthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,suffersfromarareslow-progressingformofamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),alsoknownasmotorneurondisease.21.AsALShasmadeStephenWilliamHawkingavirtualprisonerinhisownbody,22.ithaslefthiscourageandhumorintact,hisintellectfreelytoroam.23.Androamitdoes,fromtheinfinitesimaltotheinfinite,fromthesubatomicrealmtothefarreachesofauniverse.Inthecourseofthesementalexpeditions,24.HawkinghasconceivedstartlingnewtheoriesaboutblackholesandthedisorderlyeventsthatimmediatelyfollowedtheBigBanginwhichtheuniversesprang.

25.WithouthiswifeJane,Hawkinghasalwaysemphasized,hiscareermighteverhavesoared.26.ShemarriedhimshortlyafterhediagnosedwithALS,fullyawareofthedreadful,progressivenatureofthedisease,givinghimhopeandthewilltocarryonwithhisstudies.

Theyhadthreechildrenintheearlystagesoftheirmarriage,andlater,27.ashebecameincreasinglydisabled,shedevotedherselftocareforhiseveryneed.28.Afteryearsofapparentlyharmoniousmarriage,therefore,seriousdisagreementsbeganappearing.AsawardspouredinforStephen,Jane—competentandintelligentherself—begantoresentlivinginhisshadow.Deeplyreligious,shewasalsooffendedbyhisdisbeliefoftheexistenceoftheGod.29.Particularlyannoyedtoherwashisconceptthattheuniversemightbecompletelyself-contained,havingnoboundaryoredge,nobeginningorend.Ifthatweretrue,heaskedchallengingly,“Whatplace,then,foracreator?”30.Still,friendswereshockedin1990whenHawkingabruptlyendedtheir25-yearmarriage,movinginwithoneofhisnurse.

【答案】21.As—While/Although

22.freely—free

23.a—the

24.in—from

25.ever—never

26.(he)was(diagnosed)

27.care—caring

28.therefore—however

29.annoyed—annoying

30.nurse—nurses

【解析】21.

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)主句需要部分倒裝，而句子是陳述語氣所以需要把a(bǔ)s換成although或者while。

22.

intellect是名詞，但是freely是副詞，副詞一般修飾動(dòng)詞不修飾名詞，所以應(yīng)該把freely改為其形容詞形式。

23.

universe是專屬名詞，表示的是獨(dú)一無二的事物，所以不能用不定冠詞修飾，所以應(yīng)該把不定冠詞改為定冠詞。

24.

定語從句中關(guān)系代詞前的介詞主要是根據(jù)后面的動(dòng)詞或者形容詞的搭配來確定的，從句中的動(dòng)詞只有sprang（spring的過去分詞），這里從句句意是“宇宙起源于（大爆炸）”，由此這里的介詞應(yīng)該是from，和spring組成固定搭配springfrom“起源于”。

25.

這里根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是“霍金總是強(qiáng)調(diào)，沒有他的氣質(zhì)，他的事業(yè)不會(huì)起飛”，所以這里的ever應(yīng)該改為否定詞never。

26.

這里霍金應(yīng)該是被診斷出患上漸凍癥，所以應(yīng)該加上助動(dòng)詞。

27.

這里根據(jù)固定搭配devoteoneselftodoing/n.所以應(yīng)該把care改為caring。

28.

在多年表面和諧的婚姻之后，兩人之間劇烈的分歧開始出現(xiàn)了。兩個(gè)分句之間不存在因果或者順承關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該把therefore改為however。

29.

annoyed“感到生氣的”，一般用來形容人Sheishurtandannoyedthattheauthoritieshavebannedherfromworkingwithchildren.“她因當(dāng)局禁止她做兒童工作而傷心惱怒”，因?yàn)檎蛔屗龔氖聝和ぷ?，所以她感到惱怒，這時(shí)annoyed是用來形容人，生氣的人。

annoying“令人生氣的”，一般用來形容物，Hermostannoyinghabitwaseatingwithhermouthopen“她最讓人討厭的習(xí)慣就是張著嘴吃東西”，她張嘴吃飯這個(gè)習(xí)慣令人很討厭，這里annoying是形容習(xí)慣，讓人生氣的習(xí)慣。

根據(jù)句意來說是他對宇宙的猜想讓她感到生氣，這里形容詞應(yīng)該是形容概念，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)nnoyed改為annoying。

30.

oneof后面需要加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以nurse后面應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意也可以理解雖然霍金只能跟一個(gè)人結(jié)婚，但是他的護(hù)士絕對不止一個(gè)。

6.翻譯題

Sincetheturnofthecentury,Londonershaveexpressedapreferenceforsuburbanlocationsasmorepleasantandsafertobringupchildren.Themiddleclassesfearurbanpubliclifesomuch,theyarewillingtotradeoffthedailyjourneytoworkinfavorofsafetyandseclusionathome.InNewYork,peopleviewthestreets,sidewalks,plazasandsubwaysasareasofcombatratherthancivilitywherethegoalisnotenjoymentbutsurvival.

Thisprocessofdetachmentandwithdrawalhasbeenencouragedbythemotorcar,bringinginitswakedifficultpedestrianaccesskeysitescutoffbyringroads,andmulti-storeycarparkswhichareparticularlythreateningtowomen.Thecinemahaspartlygivenwaytothehomevideo,andluxuryhousingdevelopmentsaroundLondonfeaturehighlevelsofsecuritysurveillance.

InNewYork,newbuildingsarefilledwith“defensiblespace”,galesandguardstofunnelyouthiswayorthatbecausedrugdealerscanmakeapublicspacetheirowninafewdays.

Theunrestrainedgrowthofincivilities—drunks,tramps,rowdyyouth,prostitutes,andotherdisreputables—haddecreasedcommunalcontrol.Thishadledtomoreactualcrime,increasedthefearofcrime,encouragedwithdrawalintoprivatespaces,sofurtherreducingcommitmenttoneighborhoodsandencouraginggreaterincivilities.

Theresultisthatpeoplethencreateashieldforthemselvesinpublicplaces;theyminimizeexpressionsandbodycontact,choosesealingtosignalwhatmighthappennext,theyrun.Sincebeggarsprobablyevokedmixedreactionsofpity,embarrassment,orfear,theirhighvisibilityonthestreetsmaywellleadpeopletoavoidcertainplaces.

ItisincivilitieslikethesewhichsurelymakepeoplefearfulincitiesandwhichcannotbedismissedasHomeofficialstendtodo,asirrationalfears.Awoman’sfearfulnessabouttravellingontheTube,forexample,cannotbelightlydismissedonthegroundsthatstatisticallysheislesslikelytosufferanassaultthanayoungman.Herfearsarefuelledbyallthesesurroundingincivilities,plusgestures,sexualinnuendos,orremarksfromyouth:inthecarriage.IfacoupleofyoungmenstartsmokingontheTube,thetensioninthecarriageispalpablebecausepeopleknowwhatthereactionislikelytobeiftheyaretoldtostop.Womenoroldpeoplefeelmorevulnerablethanyoungmenbecausetheyarcmorevulnerable.Whenconsideringrisks,policymakerstendtoemphasizestatisticalinfrequencyanddownplaythegravityofoutcomes.

Londoncriesoutforsomekindofcoherentcityplanning.Butthequalityofitscitizens,liveswon’tbeimprovedunlesstheseincivilities,whicharesomuchmoredifficulttoquantify,areproperlyaddressed.

【答案】汽車加快了遠(yuǎn)離城市的過程,隨之而來的是難以通過的人行通道,被環(huán)形道路切斷的重要場所以及對女人有特大威脅的多層停車場。

結(jié)果,人們在公共場所找到自我保護(hù)的手段;他們盡量少說話或與人碰撞,挑選座位以表明他們不想與人交流,減少目光的接觸,他們懷疑某件事可能緊接著發(fā)生時(shí),便溜之大吉。

正是這類不禮貌的言行使人們在城市感到恐懼,而內(nèi)政部的官員往往將不禮貌的言行視為缺乏理性的恐懼。例如,不能因?yàn)榕嗽獾揭u擊的幾率低于年輕男子便對女人的地鐵恐懼癥等閑視之。

7.單選題

Japanisgoingthroughacomplexnationalidentitycrisis.Thatmaybenobadthing,saysanewbookbyanAmericanacademicJapanologist.Theeconomyisstalled,butthesocietyisinmotion.Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways;theychangeinanincrementalprocess,generallyofsmallstepsbutwhich,overtime,canadduptobigmovements.Andjustsuchabigmovementseemstobetakingplace.

Mr.Nathan,aprofessorofJapaneseculturalstudies,hasbeenobservingJapansincethe1960s.Whereasmostpeoplelookateconomicdataorthecomingsandgoingsofprimeministers,heismoreinterestedinschools,novels,comicbooks,andthemindsofyoungentrepreneursandmavericklocalpoliticians.Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamouslycohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry’ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.

Fracturesarewhathelooksforandfracturesarewhathefinds.Onbalance,theyareneitherobviouslydangerousnorobviouslypositive,buttheyare,ashesays,signsofmotionwhichcould,intime,leadinunpredictabledirections.Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious.Now,though,Mr.Nathan’snumbersdomakethesituationlookgrave.

Since1998,youthsagedbetween14and19havebeeninvolvedin50%ofallarrestsforfelonies,includingmurder.Truancyisalsointheup.Mr.Nathanassertsthatthetruenumberis350,000children,or5%ofthestudentpopulation.

Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline—partfamilial,partsocial,partlegal一whichappeartopreventschoolsandparentsfromdealingeffectivelywitherrantchildren.

Japanis,inshort,passingthroughanationalidentitycrisis.Thereareplentyofpositiveaspectstoittoo,however.Oneisaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofactualorbuddingyoungentrepreneurs,atrendespeciallyvisibleinthewillingnessofhigh-flyerstoleavegood,safejobsinordertosetuptheirownfirms.Thenumbersremainmodest,butareneverthelesssurprisinglyhighgiventhestateoftheeconomyinrecentyears.Anotherisaneweagernessamongpopularwritersandmaverickpoliticianstotrytodefineandencourageanewnationalpride.

1.WhatcharacterizesthesocialchangesinJapanesesocietyisthat（

）.

2.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

3.SchoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemtobe（

）.

4.ThereasonbehindschoolviolenceandtruancyinJapanseemstobethat（

）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyareoftenaccompaniedbyanationalidentitycrisis

B.theyoftentakeplaceinmajorscalebutendupinsmalleffect

C.theyoftenhappenhumblywhileproducinghugeaccumulativeconsequences

D.theyoftentakeplacewithoutbeinganalyzedandreportedduetotheircomplexity

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Japanisundergoingaseriouspoliticalinstability

B.astaticeconomymighthaveanegativeinfluenceonsociety

C.mostpeopleinJapanareunderseverementalstrain

D.manypeoplesufferfromafractureduetotheirjobpressure

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tiringJapaneseparentsupforalongtime

B.notasseriousasmostJapanesehaveimagined

C.quicklyontheincreaseespeciallyinrecentyears

D.obviouslyendangeringthesafetyofJapanesestudents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.schoolandparentsdonotwanttodealwitherrantchildreneffectively

B.economicstagnationhasreducedparents'timetocommunicatewiththeirchildren

C.youthsbullyinghasalreadybecomeapopularpracticeforstudentsandtheyfinditexciting

D.childrenareinfectedwithproblemintheadultworldandrulesarenotstrictenough

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SolutionstoYouthsCrimesinJapan.

B.TheJapaneseNationalIdentityCrisis

C.SchoolViolenceandTruancyinJapan.

D.EconomicandSocialChangesinJapan.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。第一段：...Japanisadifficultcountrytoreportonandanalyzebecausethingsdonotchangeinbig,noticeableways(其實(shí)很難報(bào)道日本和分析日本，因?yàn)樵谌毡?，事情不是以大?guī)模以及人們可以注意得到的方式發(fā)生變化的)。由此推測C項(xiàng)(通常不起眼地發(fā)生，但也會(huì)因累積而產(chǎn)生巨大的后果)正確。

2.推斷題。第二段：Inparticular,hisfocusisonwhetherJapan’sfamously

cohesive,conformistsocietymaybefracturingunderthestrainofeconomicstagnation,andonhowsuchstrainshavebeenaffectingthecountry'ssenseofpurposeandofnationalidentity.他關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)在...日本社會(huì)是否在經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯的壓力下產(chǎn)生裂痕，以及這種壓力是怎樣影響國家的宗旨和國家特征的?？芍?，Nathan要研究的就是日本經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯是否造成社會(huì)裂痕。故選B(停滯的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能對社會(huì)產(chǎn)生消極影響)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Schoolviolenceandtruancy定位至第三段:Themostworryingfractureshewritesaboutareintheschools,whereviolenceandtruancyhaverisenremarkably.OldJapanhandsshrugwearilyatsuchthings,forworriesaboutbullyinghavelongexistedbuthaveneverreallyseemedterriblyserious(他有寫到最令人擔(dān)憂的裂痕是在學(xué)校，那里的暴力和曠課現(xiàn)象會(huì)顯著增加。日本家長對這些事情疲倦地聳聳肩，因?yàn)閷ζ哿璧膿?dān)心由來已久，但似乎并沒有那么嚴(yán)重)。故A:使日本家長們疲憊很久了。為正確答案。

4.推斷題。第五段:Suchtrendsappeartobesymptomsoftworelatedphenomena:awidespreadfeelingofdisillusionment,alienation,uncertaintyorplainanger,whichhasspreadtochildrentoo;andagradualbreakdownofoldsystemsofdiscipline(這種趨勢似乎是兩種相關(guān)現(xiàn)象的癥狀：一種普遍的幻滅感、疏離感、不確定感或明顯的憤怒感，這種情緒也蔓延到了兒童身上；一種是舊的紀(jì)律體系逐漸瓦解),由此可知,D項(xiàng)(成人的問題影響了孩子，而且規(guī)則也不夠嚴(yán)格)正確。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要是談?wù)撊毡窘?jīng)濟(jì)停滯對社會(huì)造成的問題。但是作者認(rèn)為日本國民認(rèn)同危機(jī)是有利有弊。

8.單選題

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.

Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueirosaswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.

Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofarti