考研考博-英語-北京交通大學(xué)海濱學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京交通大學(xué)海濱學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

He（）thetheory,thephilosophyandthepatternthatbecamethemodelforLi’sownmilitaryforceslater.

問題1選項

A.furnished

B.decorated

C.polished

D.meditated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項furnish“提供”；B選項decorate“修飾”；C選項polish“使完美，完善”；D選項meditate“冥想”。根據(jù)題干可知，可推測這里應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個表示完成的動詞，C選項符合題干內(nèi)容。句意：他……的理論，哲學(xué)和模式，成為后來李自己的軍隊的模型。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

問題1選項

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我國，用辦公室電話打私人電話會受到嚴(yán)厲的批評。選項A符合句意。frowned皺眉，不滿。

3.單選題

Womenoncedemandedmenwith______socialskills,butthey'renowfocusingon"hisvalues,ifhe’sinterestedinfamily".

問題1選項

A.impeditive

B.colossal

C.blemish

D.impeccable

【答案】D

【解析】impeditive阻礙的,妨礙的;colossal巨大的,龐大的;blemish污點,缺點,瑕疵；impeccable沒有缺點的，無瑕疵的。句意：女性曾經(jīng)要求男性具備無可挑剔的社交能力，但現(xiàn)在她們關(guān)注的是“他的價值觀，他是否熱愛家庭”。選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

Themostimportantpartsofthecollectionareinaccessibletoscholar.

問題1選項

A.notuseful

B.notattractive

C.notclear

D.notavailable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inaccessible表示“難接近的，難達到的”；A項notuseful“沒有用的”，B項notattractive“不吸引人的”，C項notclear“不清楚的”，D項notavailable“難以獲得的，不能利用的”。句意：學(xué)者們無法看到收藏的最重要的部分。因此D項正確。

5.單選題

Asregardstothedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,（）isveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.

問題1選項

A.persistence

B.regularity

C.consistency

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。persistence持續(xù)，固執(zhí)；regularity規(guī)則性，整齊；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：關(guān)于成長中的孩子道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)展，一致性在父母的教學(xué)中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原諒它，這不是道德的基礎(chǔ)。強調(diào)一致的性質(zhì)，所以選項C更恰當(dāng)

6.單選題

Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項justification“借口，理由”；B選項illusion“錯覺，幻想”；C選項manifestation“表示，表明”；D選項specification“規(guī)格，說明書”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與assumptions的意思接近，因此選B。句意：我們必須超越幻想和假設(shè)，努力發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失的東西。

7.單選題

ByaboutA.D.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisadedIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippiancultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics,finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,，hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsaltmaking.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe.

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas.

問題1選項

A.TheMississippianculture

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes

問題2選項

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

問題3選項

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershedC

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

問題4選項

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

問題5選項

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes可知是在講述Mississippianculture，因此選項A符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文段一開始就提到了theMoundBuilderculture在不斷衰退，由此可推測該文段之前的內(nèi)容是在講述該文化，因此選項A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文段第二句話中的關(guān)鍵信息tothewest…wasbeginningtoflourish，該文化指的是Mississippianculture，由此可知相對于Mississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculture位于東邊，選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes，可知選項A符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文段內(nèi)容builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces可知選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Thesunissolargethatifitwere（）,itwouldholdamillionearths.

問題1選項

A.elegant

B.immense

C.hollow

D.clumsy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項elegant“高雅的，優(yōu)雅的，講究的”，B項immense“巨大的，廣大的，無邊無際的”，C項hollow“空的，中空的”，D項clumsy“適合于”。根據(jù)句子可知空格部分的句子是真實條件狀語從句，句子意思是“太陽是如此之大，如果它是……，它將容納一百萬個地球”，可以推測，在四個選項中，空格處填入“空的”符合語境。句意：太陽是如此之大，如果它是中空的，它可以容納一百萬個地球。因此，該題C項正確。

9.單選題

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

問題1選項

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。request“請求，需要”；inquiry“探究，調(diào)查”；enquiry“詢問，詢盤”；proposal“提議，建議”。句意：他提出要請一天假以便能夠參加他女兒的婚禮。requestfor“要求，對…有請求”，只有A項符合句意。

10.單選題

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

問題1選項

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯誤。句意:《道德經(jīng)》幾乎可以肯定是現(xiàn)代西方人中最受敬仰的中國古代哲學(xué)文本。自19世紀(jì)中期以來，它被多次翻譯成英文。

11.單選題

Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.

問題1選項

A.outofquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.beyondallquestion

D.pastquestion

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。outofquestion“毫無疑問”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫無疑問”；pastquestion“無可爭辯”。句意：隨著公司的擴張，經(jīng)理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期對他來說是不可能的。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

ClassicsisasubjectthatexistsinthatgapbetweenusandtheworldoftheGreeksandRomans.ThequestionsraisedbyClassicsarethequestionsraisedbyourdistancefrom‘their’worldandatthesametimebyourclosenesstoit,andbyitsfamiliaritytousinourmuseums,inourliterature,languages,culture,andwaysofthinking.TheaimofClassicsisnotonlytodiscoveroruncovertheancientworld(thoughthatispartofit,astherediscoveryofBassae).Itsaimisalsotodefineanddebateourrelationshiptothatworld.Thisbookwillexplorethatrelationship,anditshistory,startingfromaspectaclethatisfamiliar,but,atthesametime,canbecomepuzzlingandstrange:dismemberedfragmentsofanancientGreektempleputonshowintheBritishMuseum.InLatintheword'museum'onceindicated;atempleoftheMuses’；inwhatrespectsisthemodemmuseumtherightplacetopreservetreasuresfromaclassicaltemple?Doesitonlylookthepart?

TheissuesraisedbyBassaeprovideamodelforunderstandingClassicsinitswidestsense.Ofcourse,Classicsisaboutmorethanthephysicalremains,thearchitecture,sculptureandpainting,ofancientGreeceandRome.Itisalsoaboutthepoetry,philosophy,scienceandhistorywrittenintheancientworldandstillreadanddebatedaspartofourculture.Butheretoo,essentiallysimilarissuesareatstake,questionsabouthowwearetoreadliteraturewhichhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years,writteninasocietyverydistantanddifferentfromourown.

ToreadPlato’swritingsonphilosophicaltopics,forexample,involvesfacingthatdifference,andtryingtounderstandasociety,theancientGreece,inwhichwritingcamenotinprintedbooksbutonpapyrusrolls,eachonecopiedbythehandofaslave;andinwhich‘philosophy’wasstillthoughtofasanactivitythatwentonintheopenairlifeofthecity,andwaspartofasocialworldofdrinkinganddinner.Evenwhenphilosophybecameasubjectforstudyinlectureandclassroom,initsownright,itremainedaverydifferentbusinessfromourownacademictradition-forallthatPlato’sschoolwastheoriginal‘Academy’namedafterasuburbofAthens.

Ontheotherhand,remoteornot,toreadPlatoisalsotoleadphilosophythatbelongstous,notjusttothem.Platoisstillthemostcommonlyreadphilosopherintheworld;andaswereadhimnow,weinevitablyreadhimaspartof‘our’philosophicaltradition,inthelightofallthosephilosopherswhohavecomesince,whothemselveshadreadPlato.

Everysurvivalfromtheclassicalworldis,ofcourse,unique.Atthesametime,asthisbookwillshow,thereareproblems,stories,questions,significancesthatallthosesurvivalsholdincommon;thereisaplacein‘our’culturalstorythatthey(andonlythey)share.That,andreflectiononthat,amountstoClassics.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutClassics?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPlato?

3.Theword“them”inparagraph4refersto（）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）.

5.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）

問題1選項

A.Classicscanonlybeunderstoodfromthetreasureinthemodemmuseums.

B.Classicsmayjustbesnapshotsoftheancientworld.

C.Classicsarenotonlyforoneagebutalsoforalltime.

D.OnlythoseappearinginancientGreececanbecalledClassics.

問題2選項

A.Platolivedinatimewhenpaperwasmadefromthepapyrusplant.

B.Platolivedinatimewhenphilosophyispartofpeople’sdailylife.

C.Plato’swritingswerefoundintheTempleofBassae.

D.Plato’swritingsarereadbyallpeoplebothinancienttimesandatpresent.

問題3選項

A.theancientpeople

B.Plato’sstudents

C.theGreekslaves

D.philosophers

問題4選項

A.conclusion

B.afterword

C.preface

D.bookreview

問題5選項

A.UsandThem:Classics

B.PhilosophyandPlato

C.MuseumandClassics

D.Classics

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“ThequestionsraisedbyClassicsarethequestionsraisedbyourdistancefrom‘their’worldandatthesametimebyourclosenesstoit,andbyitsfamiliaritytousinourmuseums,inourliterature,languages,culture,andwaysofthinking.”，可知古典文學(xué)提出的問題來自于我們和遙遠世界的距離，與此同時，也是近距離時代的問題，以及在我們熟悉的博物館、文學(xué)、語言、文化和思維方式中提出的問題?？赏茢喑龉诺湮膶W(xué)適用于所有時代。選項C符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…theancientGreece,inwhichwritingcamenotinprintedbooksbutonpapyrusrolls…”，可知在古希臘，文字不是寫在紙上，而是印在紙草卷上。所以選項A符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“inwhich‘philosophy’wasstillthoughtofasanactivitythatwentonintheopenairlifeofthecity,andwaspartofasocialworldofdrinkinganddinner.”，可知在柏拉圖時代，哲學(xué)是人們生活的一部分，選項B符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第四段，“remoteornot,toreadPlatoisalsotoleadphilosophythatbelongstous,notjusttothem.”，不管時代的遙遠與否，柏拉圖哲學(xué)不僅屬于他們，也屬于我們，選項D符合文意，可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“TheissuesraisedbyBassaeprovideamodelforunderstandingClassicsinitswidestsense.”，可知Bassae提出的問題為從最廣泛的意義上理解古典文學(xué)提供了一種模式。并未提到柏拉圖的作品是在巴塞神廟中被發(fā)現(xiàn)。選項C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Ontheotherhand,remoteornot,toreadPlatoisalsotoleadphilosophythatbelongstous,notjusttothem.”，可知另一方面，不管是現(xiàn)代還是遠古，柏拉圖也是屬于我們的哲學(xué)，而不僅僅是屬于他們的哲學(xué)。又根據(jù)第一段中提到“ClassicsisasubjectthatexistsinthatgapbetweenusandtheworldoftheGreeksandRomans.”，可知古典文學(xué)是存在于我們和希臘羅馬世界之間的一門學(xué)科?？赏茢喑鲞@里的them指古人。選項A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thisbookwillexplorethatrelationship,anditshistory,startingfromaspectaclethatisfamiliar…”，以及文章最后一段“asthisbookwillshow,thereareproblems,stories,questions,significances…”，可知本篇文章是對一本書的內(nèi)容進行了簡單的介紹和闡述，所以應(yīng)該是一本書的前言。選項C符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀全文，第一段主要提到古典文學(xué)存在于我們和古人的世界差距之間。第二段主要介紹了古典文學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容。第三段和第四段體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代和古希臘時期對哲學(xué)的不同觀點。第五段提到古典文學(xué)不僅僅屬于“他們”，也屬于“我們”，適用于每個時代，有一些可以共享的文化故事。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Heisavery______performer:hecansing,dance,andplaythepiano.

問題1選項

A.good

B.experienced

C.honest

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項good“優(yōu)秀的”；B選項experienced“有經(jīng)驗的”；C選項honest“誠實的”；D選項versatile“多才多藝的”。句意：他是一個非常______的表演者：他會唱歌，跳舞和彈鋼琴。根據(jù)語境，他會各種才藝，D選項versatile“多才多藝的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Herhousehasnotbeenrepairedintime.

B.Shehasfailedtoreachthemanageragain.

C.Herclaimhasbeencompletelydisregarded.

D.Shehasnotreceivedanyletterfromtheman.

問題2選項

A.Thegroundflooroftheircottagewasflooded.

B.Theircaravanwaswashedawaybytheflood.

C.Theirentirehousewasdestroyedbytheflood.

D.Theroofoftheircottagecollapsedintheflood.

問題3選項

A.Thewoman’smisreadingoftheinsurancecompany’sletter.

B.Thewoman’signoranceoftheinsurancecompany’spolicy.

C.Thewoman’sinaccuratedescriptionofthewholeincident.

D.Thewoman’sfailuretopayherhouseinsuranceintime.

問題4選項

A.Filealawsuitagainsttheinsurancecompany.

B.TalktothemanagerofSafeHouseInsurance.

C.Consultherlawyerabouttheinsurancepolicy.

D.Revisethetermsandconditionsofthecontract.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Goodmorning,SafeHouseInsurance.MynameisPaul.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?

W:Morning.Iwouldn’tsaythatit’sgoodfromwhereIamstanding.ThisisMissWilson,andthisisthethirdtimeI’vecalledthisweeksincereceivingyourletteraboutourinsuranceclaim.[1]I’mgettingalittlefedupwithmycallsaboutmyclaimbeingcompletelydisregarded.

M:MissWilson,thankyouforcallingback.CanItakesomedetailstohelpmelookatyourclaim?

W:It’sMissMayWilsonof15SouthSeaRoadinCornwall,andthedetailsarethatourvillagewasextensivelyfloodedtwomonthsago.[2]Theentiregroundfloorofourcottagewassubmergedinwater,andfiveofushavebeenlivinginacaravaneversince.Youpeoplearestillwithholdingthemoneyweareentitledtooverabizarretechnicaldetail,andit’snotacceptable,Paul!

M:MissWilson,accordingtothenotesonyouraccount,[3]thebizarretechnicaldetailthatyoumentionedreferstothefactthatyouhadn’tpaidhouseinsurancethemonthbeforetheincident.

W:Thatmoneyleftouraccount.Andnowthatyoushouldbepayingout,youaresuddenlysayingthatyoudidn’treceiveitontime.I’mreallyskepticalaboutthisclaim.

M:Thecontractdoessaythatanymissedpaymentinayearwillaffectthetermsandconditionsoftheinsurancecontractandmayaffectclaims.Ofcourse,Icanpassyouontomymanagertotalktoyoumoreaboutthis.

W:I’vealreadyspokentohimandyoucantellhimI’mfuriousnowandthat[4]yourcompanyhasalawsuitonitshands.Youwillbehearingfrommylawyer.Goodbye.

1.Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問女士在抱怨什么？對話開頭，女士提到，這是她本周第三次給這家保險公司打電話了，令她有些無法忍受的是，她的索賠訴求完全被忽視了，C選項“她的訴求完全被忽視了”是對錄音原文的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。A選項“她的房子未能及時得到修繕”，根據(jù)錄音可知，女士向保險公司索賠的是金錢，而不是要請人來幫她修繕房子，所以A選項不正確；B選項“她又沒能聯(lián)系到經(jīng)理”，錄音中女士明確說到，她已經(jīng)和經(jīng)理談過了，因此B選項不正確；D選項“她沒有收到過男士的來信”表述錯誤，在對話開頭，女士就說她收到了男士寄給她的關(guān)于索賠的信件（receivingyourletteraboutourinsuranceclaim）。

2.Whatistheproblemthewoman’sfamilyencountered?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士一家遇到了什么問題？女士說，由于兩個月前村里發(fā)洪水，她家房子的底層全部進水了。A選項“他們房屋的底層被水淹沒了”中flooded是對錄音原文submergedinwater的同義復(fù)述，因此A選項正確。B選項“他們的大篷車被洪水沖走了”，錄音說的是女士一家由于房子被淹，現(xiàn)在住在大篷車?yán)铮攒嚥]有被洪水沖走，因此B選項不正確；C選項“他們的整棟房子都被洪水沖毀了”，主要錯在entire以及destroy上面，錄音表述的是房子的groundfloor（底層）被淹沒了，并不是整個房屋被沖毀了，所以C選項也不正確；D選項“他們房屋的屋頂在洪水中倒塌了”在錄音中并未被提及，因此排除。

3.Whathascausedtheso-called“bizarretechnicaldetail”,accordingtotheman?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)男士所說的，是什么原因?qū)е铝怂^的“奇怪的技術(shù)細節(jié)”？錄音中男士表示，女士所不理解的“奇怪的技術(shù)細節(jié)”事實上是因為她在事故發(fā)生前的一個月沒有繳納房屋保險費用，D選項“女士未能及時繳納房屋保險費用”與錄音原文意思一致，因此正確。A選項“女士對保險公司寄來的信件內(nèi)容有所誤解”；B選項“女士對保險公司的保單內(nèi)容一無所知”和C選項“女士對整個事故的描述不準(zhǔn)確”均不正確，因此排除。

4.Whatdoesthewomansayshewoulddoattheendoftheconversation?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士在對話結(jié)束時說她會采取什么行動？錄音最后女士提及她非常生氣，并表示保險公司將會面臨一場官司（yourcompanyhasalawsuitonitshands）。由此可知，女士要起訴保險公司，因此A選項“對保險公司提起訴訟”正確。B選項“和保險公司的經(jīng)理談?wù)劇笔且呀?jīng)發(fā)生的事情，因此排除；C選項“向她的律師咨詢關(guān)于保單的問題”和D選項“修改合同條款”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除。

15.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問題2選項

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

問題3選項

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問題4選項

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

問題5選項

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(細長的火藥引線)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒，直到最后爆發(fā)”。第二段中說到人類在以前的時期增長并不高，有時出生率還低于死亡率，到了近期才出現(xiàn)快速增長，對應(yīng)A選項“一段幾乎穩(wěn)定或略微減少的時期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2題:2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段說到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社會處于滅絕的明顯危險之中的原因是死亡率可能超過出生率，B選項“大多數(shù)地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。A選項“從現(xiàn)在到2000年可能會增加22億人”對應(yīng)最后一段第三句與第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口從5億增長到40多億。據(jù)估計，到2000年，全世界將有62億人。通過數(shù)字相減可得A選項正確；B選項“目前，每6個小時大約有5萬個嬰兒出生”，文中說到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之間，世界人口每年平均只增加5萬人。目前，這個數(shù)字每六個小時增加一次。但本句中只是說population人口增加，并不是嬰兒出生多少；C選項“從公元前8000年到現(xiàn)在，人口每年大約增加8000萬人”對應(yīng)最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000萬，而不是每年會增加8000萬；D選項“公元前8000年到1650年之間的人口增長速度比1650年到現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度快”屬于反向干擾，現(xiàn)在的人口增長速度顯然更快。

第4題:4.作者意圖題。本文從歷史的角度出發(fā)，講解了各個歷史時期人口增長的變化，并列出了詳細數(shù)據(jù)，因此D選項“向我們展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增長圖景”符合文意。

第5題:5.詞義推測題。第一段第一句說到“populationproblem（人口問題）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即對應(yīng)growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A選項正確。

16.單選題

Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz（千兆赫），forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.

Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.

Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?

OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.

1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?

4.Theword“alternative”means（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Analarmingclock.

B.Acrystaloscillator.

C.Complexcalculations.

D.Theclock’stimingsignals.

問題2選項

A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.

B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.

C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.

D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.

問題3選項

A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.

B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.

C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.

D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.

問題4選項

A.method

B.substitute

C.answer

D.machine

問題5選項

A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.

B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem

C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.

D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的電腦有多快？當(dāng)人們問這個問題時，他們通常指的是計算機內(nèi)部一個微小時鐘的頻率，它是一個晶體振蕩器，設(shè)定了整個機器使用的基本節(jié)奏?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文句意“在計算機的微處理器芯片中，一個時鐘分配系統(tǒng)將晶體振蕩器發(fā)出的定時信號傳送到各個電路中，就像鼓聲通過空氣傳播給士兵，以此來確定他們行進的步伐一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢啵@里提到鼓聲在空氣中傳播是為了說明定時信號的傳遞和聲音在空氣中傳播的方式是類似的，所以選項A正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshas