考研考博-英語-山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學信息學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學信息學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedoctors（）themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項.distributed“分配，分開”。B選項packed“損失，代價”。C選項prayed“祈禱”。D選項undertook“保證，承擔”。句意：醫(yī)生們把藥品分發(fā)給水災地區(qū)的人們。因此A選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Herremarkablesuccessasarockstarispartlyduetoherabilityto（）themedia.

問題1選項

A.mandate

B.meditate

C.manifest

D.manipulate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。mandate“授權(quán)，托管”；meditate“考慮，計劃，企圖”；manifest“證明，表示”；manipulate“操作，巧妙處理”。句意：她作為一個搖滾明星取得的杰出成就在于她有能力巧妙處理媒體。選項D符合題意。

3.單選題

Thefinancialproblemofthiscompanyisfurther（）bytheriseininterestrates.

問題1選項

A.increased

B.strengthened

C.reinforced

D.aggravated

【答案】D

【解析】increase增加；strengthen加強；reinforce増強，加固；aggravate惡化，加劇。句意：利率的上升使這家公司的財務問題進一步惡化。選項D符合句意。

4.翻譯題

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.

BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.

【答案】澳大利亞的氣候因地區(qū)而異，北部為熱帶氣候，內(nèi)陸大部分地區(qū)為干旱或半干旱氣候，南部為溫和氣候。盡管有這些變化，但周圍海洋的緩和影響和沒有廣泛的高山山脈有助于防止明顯的極端天氣。然而，一些地區(qū)偶爾會經(jīng)歷極端天氣條件，如熱帶氣旋、龍卷風和嚴重干旱。

因為澳大利亞在南半球，它的季節(jié)與北半球相反。總的來說，季節(jié)變化很小。一般來說，沿海和高原地區(qū)，尤其是東南部，比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)涼爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最熱的地區(qū)。澳大利亞南部的溫帶地區(qū)四季分明，冬冷夏暖。

5.寫作題

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

6.單選題

Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage（）,ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilitytouselanguage，isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.

問題1選項

A.potentiality

B.perception

C.faculty

D.acquisition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。potentiality“潛力，可能性”；perception“知覺，感知”；faculty“學院；能力；全體教員”；acquisition“獲得物，收購”。句意：很多語言學家提出人類語言的獲得，即使用語言的生物學設定的程序能力，仍然難以定義和理解。選項D符合題意。

7.翻譯題

I’mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifeisgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking—anddon’tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you’llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking—don’tsettle.

【答案】我非常確定，如果蘋果公司沒有開除我的話，這一切不會發(fā)生。這貼藥很苦，但我認為病人需要它。有時候，生活會用磚頭敲你的腦袋。不要失去信心。我確信唯一讓我不斷前進的就是我喜歡我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜愛的東西，對于工作是如此，對于你的愛人也是一樣。你的工作將占據(jù)你生活的很大部分，唯一能使你滿意的方法便是做你認為偉大的工作，而做偉大工作的唯一方法便是去喜愛你做的事情。如果你還沒有找到你喜歡的事情，繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來。只要你全心全意去找，當你找到時，你就會知道的。就像其他任何真誠的感情一樣，隨著歲月的流逝，這種關(guān)系只會越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來。

8.單選題

Wehave（

）thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們己經(jīng)廢除了人剝削人的制度。

動詞辨析。Cancel取消，刪除;abolish廢除（一種制度，形式）;refuse拒絕；reject抵制，排斥.。因此B符合句意。

9.單選題

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”;therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”—wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy,”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderof

thefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs―thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeedthe“Russianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhone—broadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit―helpedmasktheriskofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amultibillion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmodemtechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies.

問題2選項

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

問題4選項

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

問題5選項

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theU.S.economyhadbecome‘verydistorted’”美國經(jīng)濟變得“非常扭曲”，第二段中“thegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.”經(jīng)濟不平等的增長是一場全國性的危機，某些事情已非常糟糕，可知美國經(jīng)濟存在問題，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”這個反過來導致更廣泛且合理的擔心，即我們不僅生活在一個一個富人經(jīng)濟學中，而且還生活在一個富豪統(tǒng)治中，在這其中，富人顯示巨大的政治影響力、狹隘自私的動機。因此D選項“他們擔心不斷上升的收入不平等所帶來的社會和政治影響”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.”在經(jīng)濟衰退之前，人們很容易忽視財富集中在少數(shù)精英階層身上，因此C選項“他們導致收入不平等的上升”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”可知美國貧富差距巨大，經(jīng)融危機讓美國人意識到富人具有太多的權(quán)利，因此選C。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的呈兩種分化趨勢，存在的問題，以及富人和窮人之間的差距，因此A選項“介紹美國金融失衡”符合題意。

10.單選題

Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromlabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityisfrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherpart-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailingsinthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

16.Whichofthefollowingdoes“l(fā)abormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?

17.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.

18.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

19.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.

20.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.

問題1選項

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

問題2選項

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題3選項

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題4選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

問題5選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkers

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglowwageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】16.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingdoes“l(fā)abormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?“勞動力市場問題”（第一段）指的是下列哪一項？

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.A.提供足夠收入的工作崗位短缺。

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.B.勞動力培訓不足。

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.C.商品生產(chǎn)者之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.D.貧困的總體原因。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1和labormarketproblems定位到原文第1段第1句，該句提到“勞動力市場問題困擾了很多人”。但是第1段第3句提到“在許多方面，我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)字夸大了（exaggerate）困難的程度?！钡?段第1句提到“然而，我們的社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)也在許多方面低估了（underestimate）勞動力市場相關(guān)困難的程度”。由此可知，第1段主要介紹的是，統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)對勞動力市場問題的夸大，第2段主要介紹的是問題，而本題要求選擇的是勞動力市場的問題，因此，定位段是第2段。第2段提到了社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)沒有考慮的因素有“數(shù)百萬工資非常低但是屬于充分就業(yè)的工人（fullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolow）”、“找不到全職工作，只有兼職工作的人（part-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework）”、“在勞動力市場之外，但想要一份工作的人（elseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob）”等。由此可知，勞動力市場提供的工作崗位不足，其提供的有足夠收入的工作崗位也不足，A選項“提供足夠收入的工作崗位短缺”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】B選項“勞動力培訓不足”、C選項“商品生產(chǎn)者之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系”、D選項“貧困的總體原因”原文并未提及，均屬于無中生有。

17.【選項釋義】

Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.作者對比了20世紀30年代和現(xiàn)在，以表明____。

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930sA.20世紀30年代失業(yè)的人更多

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednowB.現(xiàn)在更需要社會進步

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffectsC.現(xiàn)在失業(yè)的影響沒那么嚴重

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpovertyD.現(xiàn)在，貧困人口中老年人和殘疾人的比例有所提高

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞contraststhe1930swiththepresent定位到原文第1段。本段第4句提到“今天的失業(yè)不會（doesnothave）像上世紀30年代那樣帶來可怕的后果（thesamedireconsequences）”，并介紹了當時的情況，由此可知，進行對比的目的是為了說明今天失業(yè)帶來的影響沒那么嚴重，C選項“現(xiàn)在失業(yè)的影響沒那么嚴重”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“20世紀30年代失業(yè)的人更多”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

B選項“現(xiàn)在更需要社會進步”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“現(xiàn)在，貧困人口中老年人和殘疾人的比例有所提高”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，該句提到“現(xiàn)在的統(tǒng)計的貧困人口中（Mostofthosecounted）大多數(shù)是老年人、殘疾人等”，原文并不是說現(xiàn)在這兩類人更多了，而是說他們在統(tǒng)計的貧困人口中占比更多，該選項屬于偷換概念。

18.【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?以下哪一項建議最好地回應了作者提出的問題？

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.A.要通過多種途徑建立創(chuàng)新方案，降低失業(yè)水平。

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.B.在那些認為失業(yè)是比經(jīng)濟控制更大的禍害的人和持相反觀點的人之間，應該找到一種妥協(xié)。

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.C.應當制定新的統(tǒng)計指數(shù)，以衡量失業(yè)和報酬不足的就業(yè)造成痛苦的程度。

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.D.該考慮到統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)是如何成為它們聲稱要衡量的現(xiàn)象的部分原因的。

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題要求選出對作者提出的問題的建議，那么首先需要知道作者提出的問題是什么。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是“分分總”，圍繞勞動力市場的問題，第1段說介紹“社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)字在一些方面夸大了（exaggerate）勞動力市場相關(guān)困難的程度”；第2段介紹“社會統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)在一些方面也低估了（underestimate）困難的程度”；最后一段總述“現(xiàn)有的貧困、就業(yè)和收入統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)（theexisting…statistics）不足以（areinadequatefor）用于衡量勞動力市場問題的后果”。由此可知，作者在本文中提出的問題是“現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)不足以衡量勞動力市場問題的后果”；由第2段可知，勞動力市場的問題主要是“可提供的工作崗位不足；可提供的有足夠報酬的工作崗位不足”。因此，C選項“應當制定新的統(tǒng)計指數(shù)，以衡量失業(yè)和報酬不足的就業(yè)造成痛苦的程度”是個可行的建議。

【干擾項排除】A選項“要通過多種途徑建立創(chuàng)新方案，降低失業(yè)水平”、B選項“在那些認為失業(yè)是比經(jīng)濟控制更大的禍害的人和持相反觀點的人之間，應該找到一種妥協(xié)”、D選項“該考慮到統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)是如何成為它們聲稱要衡量的現(xiàn)象的部分原因的”，都不是針對作者提出的問題提出的建議，與題干無關(guān)。

19.【選項釋義】

Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.作者引用那些一年中反復失業(yè)的人的目的很可能是為了表明____。

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforceA.有幾個因素導致某些勞動力的工資偏低

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessnessB.失業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可能低估了失業(yè)帶來的困難

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkersC.勞動力市場上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的不足對個體勞動者來說，可能會存在困難，或者可能給他們帶來困難

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardshipD.在任何時候，大多數(shù)失業(yè)的人并沒有遭受嚴重的苦難

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞repeatedlyunemployed定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到“低工資（Lowwages）和反復或長期失業(yè)（repeatedorprolongedunemployment）經(jīng)常相互作用，破壞了自給自足的能力?！辈⑶以诤竺鎺拙湓捴袑Ψ磸褪I(yè)進行了介紹。另外，第2段的第一句為本段的核心句，指出本段的主旨是“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)低估了勞動力市場問題的困難程度”。第3句提到的“低工資和反復或長期失業(yè)”是現(xiàn)有的失業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)沒有考慮的因素，而它們又確實是勞動力市場存在的問題。因此，作者引用這些反復失業(yè)的例子應該是為本段的主旨服務的，B選項“失業(yè)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可能低估了失業(yè)帶來的困難”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“有幾個因素導致某些勞動力的工資偏低”，低工資和反復失業(yè)是兩個不同的問題，該選項不符合題意；

C選項“勞動力市場上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的不足對個體勞動者來說，可能會存在困難，或者可能給他們帶來困難”，這是第2段介紹的反復或長期失業(yè)的人的困難本身，并不是作者引用的目的，該選項屬于本末倒置；

D選項“在任何時候，大多數(shù)失業(yè)的人并沒有遭受嚴重的苦難”，原文說的是失業(yè)的人有困難，該選項表述錯誤，且不符合題意。

20.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.根據(jù)這篇文章，導致失業(yè)和收入數(shù)據(jù)高估經(jīng)濟困難程度的一個因素是____。

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkersA.一群低工資工人失業(yè)期的復發(fā)

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesB.事實上，失業(yè)人數(shù)并不包括那些低工資的人

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatisticsC.建立一個記錄保存系統(tǒng)，使編纂貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)成為可能

D.prevalence,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployedD.低收入工人和失業(yè)者普遍存在于其他家庭成員都有工作的家庭中

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞over-predict定位到原文第1段，本段介紹統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)夸大了困難程度。本段最后兩句提到“在數(shù)以百萬計的時薪處于或低于最低工資水平的人中，絕大多數(shù)人都來自多收入者、相對富裕的家庭”，“貧困統(tǒng)計中的大多數(shù)人都是老人或殘疾人，或者有家庭責任，這使他們無法成為勞動力”。由此可知，統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計的失業(yè)或貧困數(shù)據(jù)，包括了很大一部分家庭條件不錯，只是自身失業(yè)或收入低的人，或者說包括一些由于自身原因本就不屬于勞動力的人，這些人本不應該包括在失業(yè)或貧困數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)，這導致了數(shù)據(jù)高估了經(jīng)濟困難程度。因此，D選項“低收入工人和失業(yè)者普遍存在于其他家庭成員都有工作的家庭中”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一群低工資工人失業(yè)期的復發(fā)”，是原文第2段介紹統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)低估困難程度的因素，不符合題意；

B選項“事實上，失業(yè)人數(shù)并不包括那些低工資的人”，也是原文第2段介紹統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)低估困難程度的因素，不符合題意；

C選項“建立一個記錄保存系統(tǒng)，使編纂貧困統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)成為可能”，原文并未提及相關(guān)信息，該選項屬于無中生有。

11.單選題

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

問題1選項

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的個性結(jié)合了敏銳的機智和多愁善感。flamboyant意為“艷麗的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，彎曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艷麗的，炫耀的，顯眼的。選項D與之意思相近。

12.單選題

Thevirusisusuallyblood-borneandmay______almostanyorganinthebody.

問題1選項

A.patronize

B.infect

C.engrave

D.enroll

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項patronize“屈尊對待；贊助”；B選項infect“感染”；C選項engrave“在……上雕刻（字或圖案）”；D選項enroll“注冊”。句意：這種病毒通常是血液傳播的，可以______幾乎身體的任何器官。橫線處和organ“器官”形成動賓關(guān)系，病毒感染身體，B選項infect“感染”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

13.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（

）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】句意:她對我一直挺好一_既然她需要我的幫助，那么我就不能拒絕幫助她。

固定搭配。turnone’sbackonsb.拒絕幫助某人。

14.翻譯題

中國將深化改革，促進應用型科研機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)制為企業(yè)，鼓勵技術(shù)型企業(yè)的發(fā)展。這是一項使科技與經(jīng)濟相結(jié)合的重要舉措?？蒲袡C構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)制為企業(yè)后，將建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度，適應市場需要，從而充分發(fā)展其研究、開發(fā)和創(chuàng)新的優(yōu)勢。

【答案】Chinawilldeepenitsreformtopromotethetransformationofappliedscientificresearchinstitutionsystemintoenterprisesandencouragethedevelopmentoftechnology-basedenterprises.Itisanimportantmeasuretointegratescienceandtechnologywitheconomy.Oncetransformedintoenterprises,scientificresearchinstitutionsshallestablishamodernenterprisesystem,andorientthemselvestotheneedsofthemarket,givingfullplaytotheirstrengthinresearch,developmentandinnovation.

15.單選題

WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,climatechangealoneby2050resultsinsignificantincreasesinyieldunderbothscenariosonlyinthreenorthernEuropeancountries.ButaddingestimatedeffectsofhigherCO2concentrationsonplantgrowthincreasesthatyieldsconsiderably,withyieldincreasesnowbeingsignificantinallofthetencountriesincludedinthestudy.WhethersuchincreasesduetohigherCO2concentrationwouldactuallyberealizedisuncertain,becauseofproblemsinextrapolatingfromidealizedlaboratoryandmodelingresultstofieldconditions.

Theclearmessageofthisworkisthatgreatereffortsareneededtotakeaccountofthe“noise”ofnaturalclimatevariabilitywhenconsideringthe“signal”ofclimatechange.Inparticular,caremustbetakenininterpretingtheresultsofimpactassessments,especiallythosewhichuseclimatesimulationsovershortperiodsonly.

Muchmoreremainstobedone.Forexample,theuseofsimulatedmonthlyclimatedatabyHulmeetal,evenwheninterpolatedtodailydatabystatisticalmethods,leavesopenthepossibilityofsystematicchangesinday-to-dayvariabilityandextremesduetoclimatechange.Thesecouldwelldominatetheeffectsofclimatechangeonbothriverflowandwheatyield.Takingthemintoaccountwillrequiretheanalysisofdailyoutputfromtheclimatemodels,especiallyatfinespatialresolution.

Moreimportantly,inunderstandingthemessagefromHulmeetal,weneedtodistinguishbetweenconfidencelevelsusedforthedetectabilityofsimulatedorrealimpactsduetoclimatechange,andthoseneededtodecideiftheinformationaboutpossiblefutureimpactsisusefulfordecision-makers.Detectability,usedasevidenceofclimatechange,arguablyrequiresahighlevelofconfidence,say,atthe95%or99%level.Ontheotherhand,ifwetakeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurring,andweareseekingusefuladviceastowhattheconsequencesmightbe,alowerlevelofconfidencemaysuffice.

Studiesofthelengthofadatasetisnecessarytodetectarealchangeinthemeanagainstabackgroundofvariability,forexamplefordetectionoftrendsintotalozoneorriverflow,indicatethatevenifthechangeisreal,itmayneedtohavehappenedfordecadesbeforeitcanbeshownstatisticallytohaveoccurred.Incasessuchasestimationoffloodfrequencyandoftheoccurrenceofmoisturestressincrops,whatisneededtoidentifyfuture“dangerous”levelsofclimatechange,ortoplanadaptationmeasures,isanestimateofchangesintheprobabilityofsucheffectsbeforetheyhappen.

1.Accordingtothestudy,highwheatyieldsinEuropemostsignificantlyneed（）.

2.Ahighlevelofconfidenceisneededwhenwe（）.

3.Toidentifythepossiblefutureimpactsofclimatechange,scientists（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.highertemperaturet

B.heavyrainfallt

C.higherCO2concentrationst

D.naturalclimatechanget

問題2選項

A.takeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurringt

B.use“detectability”asanevidenceofclimatechanget

C.decideiftheinformationisusefulfordecision-makerst

D.estimatethescopeofwheatyieldsincreasest

問題3選項

A.onlyneedanidealizedlaboratoryt

B.mayspendyearstoobtainandanalyzevalidstatisticalevidencet

C.planadaptationmeasuresafterthechangeoccurst

D.setnewclimatemodelst

問題4選項

A.WaysofimprovingWheatYieldsinEuropet

B.ClimateChangeandWheatYieldst

C.StatisticalEvidenceofClimateChanget

D.SimulatedExperimentsonRiverFlowt

問題5選項

A.Itisimportanttodetecttrendsintotalozoneorriverflow.t

B.Ittakesdecadestodetectclimatechangestatistically.t

C.Whatismoreimportantistoplanadaptationmeasuresagainstbadeffectsofclimatechange.t

D.Wheatyieldiscloselyrelatedtoclimate.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這項研究，在歐洲高小麥產(chǎn)量最需要的是……”。文章第一段前三句提到WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,cl