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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學珠海分校考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thesunisnotgrowingweaker,yetitslightappearstobedimming.Between1960and1990,somescientistsbelieve,theamountofsolarradiationreachingEarth’ssurfacemayhavedeclinedasmuchas10%—andinsomeplaces,HongKong,forexample,morethan35%.

Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck,saysVeerabhadranRamanthan,anatmosphericscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,thenthefullimpactofthebuildupofgreenhousegaseshasyettobefelt.Thisweek,attheAmericanGeophysicalUnionmeetinginMontreal,Ramanathanandotherswillbepresentingthelatestdataonthesolar-dimmingproblemandponderingitsimplicationsfortheclimatesystemasawhole.

Manyscenariosforglobalwarming,forexample,invokeaspeedupinthehydrologicalcyclebywhichwaterevaporatesandthencomesdownasrain.Thecoolingproducedbysolardimming,however,mayslowtherateofevaporation,whilehigherupintheatmospherethepollutantsresponsibleforabsorbingandreflectingsunlightarelikelytointerferewiththeprocessthatproducesrain.

Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.

Manyquestionsremain,includingthetrueextentofthedimming.Oneanalysispegstheaverageworldwidedarkeningtobeabout4%overthreedecades,whileanothercomputesittobemorethantwicethatmuch.TherearealsoquestionsaboutthereliabilityofthedevicesthatmeasurethesunlightreachingEarth’ssurface.Knownasradiometers,theseinstrumentsarenothingmorethanflat,blacksolarcollectorscappedwithglass.Theyaresometimesfinicky:asmudgeofdirtoraspeckofdustcancausebogusreadingsandchangethecalculatedresults.

Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.AsRamanthanputsit,“It’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”—anditcouldturnouttobeaverybiggorillaindeed.

1.Bytug-of-war,(line4,Paragraph2),theauthormeans(

).

2.Howdothescientistsfeelaboutthecurrentclimatesituation?

3.Whenmentioning“it’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”(Line4,Paragraph6),theauthorimpliesthat(

).

4.Whichofthefollowingcannotserveasfactorofcausingthecoolingsurfaceoftheplanet?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.thedifferenteffectofsolardimmingandglobalwarming

B.theimpactofthesolardimmingontheclimatesystem

C.theinfluenceofthesolardimmingontheglobalwarming

D.theinteractionbetweenthesolardimmingandglobalwarming

問題2選項

A.Serious

B.Optimistic

C.Carefree

D.Panicked

問題3選項

A.scientistshouldhaveacloselookatthesolardimmingproblem

B.wearefacinganewproblemwhichisverycomplicatedanddifficulttomanage

C.wearejustbeginningtohaveresearchonthisnewfield

D.thenewsolardimmingproblemisbeyondscientists’abilitytotackle

問題4選項

A.Thelackoftherainintheplanet.

B.Theincreasingofthepollutants.

C.Theformingoftheclouddroplets.

D.Thelessweightoftheclouddroplets.

問題5選項

A.Theinstrumentsusedinthestudyaretoosimpletofunctionwell.

B.Livingthingsintheearthwillbegreatlyinfluencedbysolardimming.

C.Thereisstillalongwaytogointhestudyofsolardimming.

D.Thefindingsthatthesolardimminghasinfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetaredoubtful.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。由第二段“Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.發(fā)生了什么事?在這30年里,空氣污染的加劇——尤其是在亞洲——在云層增加的幫助下,可能對地球表面產(chǎn)生了降溫的影響,而二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體卻在促使大氣變暖。這種拉鋸戰(zhàn)對氣候系統(tǒng)的影響可能極其難以理清?!笨芍猼ug-of-war指全球變暖以及云層增加導(dǎo)致地面降溫,太陽變暗的相互作用。故D項正確。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段“Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck…與此同時,沒有比這更緊迫的任務(wù)了。因為如果全球污染助長了全球變暖的話……?!笨芍茖W家認為當前的氣候形勢是十分嚴峻的。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。通讀最后一段“Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.換句話說,太陽變暗仍然是一個仍在界定過程中的問題,隨著它的范圍變得更清楚,世界所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì)也將更清楚。盡管科學家們已經(jīng)對全球變暖做了很多思考,但他們剛剛開始解決全球變暖和太陽變暗如何相互作用的問題?!笨芍栕儼颠@個問題,科學家們還才剛剛開始研究,還有很多東西需要了解。最后以Ramanthan的話結(jié)尾,那么結(jié)尾語應(yīng)該與上文呼應(yīng),即太陽變暗這個問題,還才開始,比較難以處理。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀第四段“Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.為什么?這些污染物以被稱為氣溶膠的微小空氣微粒的形式存在,它們充當云滴形成的核心。問題是,大氣中有太多的懸浮顆粒在爭奪水分子,所以形成的云滴太小,永遠不會重到足以落到地面。哥倫比亞大學拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測站的大氣物理學家貝亞特?利佩特說,這樣一來,大氣層就會充滿水分,而地球表面卻渴望雨水?!笨芍狝項“地球缺少雨水”是結(jié)果,而非原因。B項“污染物的增加”,C項“云滴的形成”,D項“云滴的重量較輕”都是導(dǎo)致地球大氣層溫度低的原因。

5.推理判斷題。本文最后一段提到對于太陽變暗這個問題??茖W家的研究還才剛開始,還有很多東西不了解,故C項“在太陽變暗這個問題的研究上還有很長的路要走”正確。

2.單選題

Mostofthecivilservantsinvolvedintheaffairhavebeensuccessfully()andsentenced.

問題1選項

A.prosecuted

B.propagated

C.persecuted

D.precipitated

【答案】A

【解析】prosecute"起訴,告發(fā)";propagate"傳播,傳送;繁殖";persecute"迫害,困擾";precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。句意:大部分涉案公務(wù)員已被成功檢控和判刑。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Thisrestaurantisfrequently()bytouristsbecauseofitsfamouscooking.

問題1選項

A.patronized

B.serviced

C.attended

D.utilized

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:旅客經(jīng)常

這家餐館,因為這里的烹飪很有名。patronized光顧;serviced為……服務(wù);attended參加,出席;utilized利用。故選A。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

在今天的中國,平均每天有24萬人成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新用戶,平均每400個中國人就擁有一個網(wǎng)站。按照目前的發(fā)展速度,再過兩年,中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者將超過5億,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及率將從目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。對于一個發(fā)展中國家而言,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠如此快速普及是一大奇跡。中國人民從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)受益匪淺。在中國,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正廣泛應(yīng)用于電子政務(wù)、電子商務(wù)、公共教育、新聞傳播等各個領(lǐng)域。電子商務(wù)在中國快速發(fā)展,中國電子商務(wù)交易總額在過去5年保持45%以上的年均增長速度,2008年超過4600億美元。

【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.

5.單選題

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine."

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebomoutofan"oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchildren:"It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

1.Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat(

).

2.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

).

3.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay(

).

問題1選項

A.itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

B.verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

C.childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

D.parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

問題2選項

A.protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

B.teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

C.ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

D.remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

問題3選項

A.givetheirparentssomefreetime

B.maketheirparentsmorecreative

C.helpthemwiththeirhomework

D.helpthembecomemoreattentive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘Radesky引用“靜態(tài)面部實驗”來證明什么?’根據(jù)文章第三段第一句‘Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.嬰兒很容易通過看父母的臉來試圖理解他們的世界,如果這些臉是空白的、沒有反應(yīng)的——就像他們沉浸在一個設(shè)備里時經(jīng)常做的那樣——這對孩子來說是非常令人不安的。’和最后一句“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed.父母不必時時刻刻都在身邊,但需要有一個平衡,父母需要對孩子的情感需求的語言或非語言表達做出反應(yīng)和敏感?!贝_定實驗是為了證明D選項“父母需要回應(yīng)孩子的情感需求”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘特羅尼克提到的壓迫性意識形態(tài)要求父母干什么?’根據(jù)文章最后一段中“an‘oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting’withtheirchildren.“壓迫性的意識形態(tài)”要求父母應(yīng)該始終與孩子互動?!贝_定C選項“確保與孩子不斷的互動”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘據(jù)特洛尼克說,孩子們使用屏幕可能會怎樣?’根據(jù)最后一段中“Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere’snovaluetoit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.特羅尼克認為,孩子沒有從屏幕上學習并不意味它沒有價值,特別是如果父母有時間洗澡、做家務(wù)或者僅僅是因不用照顧小孩而可以休息一下。Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.他說,父母可以通過使用他們的設(shè)備和朋友交談或做些工作以獲得很多好處。這會讓他們感到更快樂,這會讓他們在其他的時間里更容易接觸到自己的孩子?!笨芍?,孩子使用屏幕可以讓父母有更多時間去做別的事情,所以A選項“給父母更多自由時間”正確。

6.單選題

Althoughthemodellooksgoodonthesurface,itwillnotbearclose().

問題1選項

A.temperament

B.contamination

C.scrutiny

D.symmetry

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項temperament“氣質(zhì),性情”;B選項contamination“污染”;C選項scrutiny“詳細審查,細看”;D選項symmetry“對稱”。句意:盡管這個模型表面上看起來還不錯,但它經(jīng)不起細看。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Onewayforwriterstosupportapointisthrough(

),thatis,bymeansofseveralexamplestobackupanidea.

問題1選項

A.illustration

B.explanation

C.demonstration

D.interpretation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項illustration“說明”,有舉例說明的意思;B選項explanation“解釋”;C選項demonstration“游行示威,證明”;D選項interpretation“解釋,說明”。根據(jù)severalexamples(幾個例子)可知選A。句意:作家支持一個觀點的一種方法是通過說明,即通過幾個例子來支持一個觀點。

8.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis().

2.Fromdiepassagewecaninterthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose().

3.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould().

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof().

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

D.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

問題3選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題4選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機械中運轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.信息推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項C正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者建議將官僚主義的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義,使人能充分發(fā)揮他的潛力。選項C符合原文。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

9.單選題

A(

)isagrillonwhichmeat,fish,andotherfoodsarecookedoverhotcharcoal,usuallyoutofdoors.

問題1選項

A.duet

B.barbecue

C.tonic

D.fag

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項duet“二重奏”;B選項barbecue“燒烤”;C選項tonic“補藥”;D選項fag“苦工、疲勞”,由題干中提到的各種食物以及熱木炭,可知barbecue“燒烤”符合語境。句意為:燒烤是肉、魚和其他食物放在烤架上,再在熱木炭上烘烤,通常在戶外進行。故正確答案選B。

10.單選題

Themagicianpickedoutseveralpeople()fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。byaccident“意外的”;onoccasion“有時”;atrandom“胡亂的、隨便的”;onaverage“平均的”。本句意為“魔術(shù)師隨意的從觀眾中挑選一些人幫助他表演”,atrandom符合句意,因此選C。

11.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingTEXTintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

在一般人的觀念中,中國傳統(tǒng)文化和現(xiàn)代生活似乎是兩個截然不同而且相互對立的實體。前者是中國幾千年積累下來的舊文化傳統(tǒng),后者則是近百余年才出現(xiàn)的一套新的生活方式,而且源于西方。所以這兩者的沖突實質(zhì)上也被理解為西方現(xiàn)代文化對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的沖擊與挑戰(zhàn)。

在這個一般的理解之下產(chǎn)生種種不同的觀點與態(tài)度,但大體上可以分為兩個方向,一方面是擁抱西方文化,認為中國傳統(tǒng)文化是現(xiàn)代生活的阻礙,另一方面則極力維護傳統(tǒng),視西方的現(xiàn)代生活破壞了傳統(tǒng)的道德秩序。在這兩種極端的態(tài)度之間當然還存在著不同程度及模式各異的調(diào)和論。實際上,中國傳統(tǒng)文化與現(xiàn)代生活并不是兩個不相干也不是相互排斥對立的實體?!艾F(xiàn)代生活”即是中國傳統(tǒng)文化在現(xiàn)代的具體轉(zhuǎn)變。中國傳統(tǒng)文化的現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)變使其已經(jīng)脫離了舊的軌道,并且不可否認地受到了西方文化的重大影響。但現(xiàn)代文化并不等同于西方文化,我們所接納的科技以及制度層面上的西方文化并不會觸及中國傳統(tǒng)文化的價值系統(tǒng)的核心部分。

【答案】Undersuchageneralcomprehension,variousviewsandattitudeshavearisen.Buttheycanroughlybedividedintotwodifferentdirections:oneistoembracewesternculture,regardingtraditionalChinesecultureasahindrancetomodernlife;theotherstrivestomaintaintradition,believingthatthewesternmodernlifehasbrokenthetraditionalmoralorder.Betweenthesetwoextremesofattitude,ofcourse,thereareavarietyofopinionsindifferentdegreesandpatterns.Infact,Chinesetraditionalcultureandmodernlifeareneithermutuallyexclusivenoropposingentities.“Modernlife”istheconcretetransformationofChinesetraditionalcultureinmoderntimes.ThemoderntransformationofChinesetraditionalculturehasalreadydeviateditselfawayfromtheoldtrackandundeniablysufferedthesubstantialinfluencesfromwesternculture.

12.單選題

Anypropertythatabankruptpersonmaystillhaveisusuallydividedamongthevariouspeopletowhommoneyareowed.

問題1選項

A.property

B.maystillhave

C.among

D.areowed

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題中的money為不可數(shù)名詞,可知D選項應(yīng)該用isowed,句意:破產(chǎn)人的財產(chǎn)仍然會被分給債權(quán)人。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Jack(

)theprobleminhismindfortwodaysbeforehedidsomethingaboutit.

問題1選項

A.turnedout

B.turnedto

C.turnedon

D.turnedover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnedout結(jié)果是;turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于;turnedon打開;turnover仔細考慮。句意:杰克在采取行動之前,關(guān)于這個問題,他在腦海中仔細考慮了兩天。D項符合句意,答案D

14.單選題

)atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

問題1選項

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:LilArmstrong1917年來到芝加哥時,作為年輕的鋼琴家的第一份專業(yè)工作是在音樂商店里演奏曲調(diào)??崭裉幩顔卧~與后面部分一起構(gòu)成名詞短語做整個句子的主語。C項demonstrate是動詞,不能做主語。A、D兩項中tunes是復(fù)數(shù),而謂語動詞是was,故排除。

15.單選題

Themissioncontrollerssayitisimportantto________thatthespacepioneersdonotgohungry.

問題1選項

A.ensure

B.assure

C.becertain

D.bedependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“保證,確?!保籅選項“保證,擔?!保籆“確信,肯定”;D選項“依靠”。句意:任務(wù)團的負責人說:“()太空航天員不餓肚子是很重要的?!备鶕?jù)句意排除D。

1.assure用來表示向某人保證某事將要發(fā)生,既可以用來確證某事,也可以表示使某人確信,assure的賓語通常是人或人稱代詞,如Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem(他向我們保證他有解決這件事的能力)

2.ensure的意思是使某行為或某件事的結(jié)果得以保證,即確保某事發(fā)生(tomakesurethatsth.happens)。ensure后可以直接跟that-clause,并可以用復(fù)合賓語。Wemustensurethatallpatientshaveaccesstohighqualitycare.(我們必須確保所有的病人都能夠得到高質(zhì)量的護理。)

3.certain表示某人準確無疑的相信某事,如She’sabsolutelycertainshe’sgoingtomakeitintheworld.(她確信自己將享譽全球。)

16.填空題

After(1)aboutitforseveralweeks,wedecidedtodoourfieldworkinanareaofsoutheasternYunnan(2)alongtheborderwithVietnam.The(3)withourchoicewasthattheareawasclosed,sowehadtoaskforofficial(4)toworkatthesitewehadinmind.(5),theofficialswespokewithwereveryopentoourarguments,afterwe(6)ourreasonsforwantingtodofieldworkneartheborder,theyquicklyapprovedourrequest.Wefinishedourfieldworkin2005.LastmonthIwent(7)totheareaforthefirsttimeanddiscoveredthatthingshavechangedgreatly(8)then.Theareaisnowcompletelyopenandthereisabrisktradeinmanufacturedgoodsinthetownsonsidesoftheborder.

句意:

在開始工作幾個星期后,我們決定去云南東南部一個沿途與越南接壤的地方進行我們的野外作業(yè)。我們選擇存在的一個問題是這個地方是關(guān)閉的,所以為了去在我們所想的地方作業(yè),我們不得不去尋求官方的許可。幸運的是,與我們談話的官員們非常樂意接受我們的推理。在我們解釋完我們選擇在臨近邊境地方做野外工作的原因后,他們很快就同意了我們的請求。

我們在2005年完成了我們的野外工作。上個月我獨自第一次去了那個地方,發(fā)現(xiàn)情況從那時起己發(fā)生很大變化。這個區(qū)域現(xiàn)在是完全開發(fā)的,邊境兩邊城鎮(zhèn)里的制成品生意很興隆。

【答案】1.setting

2.all

3.problem

4.approval

5.Fortunately

6.explained

7.alone

8.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Setaboutdoingsth.開始著手做某事。

2.固定搭配。Allalong沿途,一路。

3.由后面的theareawasclosed“這個地方被關(guān)閉了”可推知“我的選擇有問題”,根據(jù)“was”推測此處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式problem。

4.語義題。句意:在這個地方工作需要尋求官方的許可。

5.邏輯銜接。本來以為官方人員不好打交道,幸運的是他們比較開明。

6.邏輯銜接。說明施工原因。

7.邏輯關(guān)系。由關(guān)鍵詞“I我”知這里可用副詞alone獨自”來修飾went(動詞go“去”的過去式)。

8.由空格前的“havechanged己發(fā)生變化”為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)及“then那時”知可填一個表示“從……起”的介詞,故可填from來構(gòu)成from…then從那時起”。

both空格后面為復(fù)數(shù)形式sides,這里填入both表示邊境的兩邊。

17.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential().

問題1選項

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atanyprice“無論如何”;withinreach“伸手可及”;beyondmeasure“無可估量”;onpurpose“有目的地,故意地”。句意:在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制,其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely,可知選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

ChoosethecorrectletterfromA-Dforeachanswer.

1.ScottMiller()

2.JoanneMcCarthy()

3.LouiseTate()

4.GeorgeMercer()

5.Thewriterofthisarticle()

問題1選項

A.hadalwayswantedtoworkfromhome.

B.nolongerhastheoriginalreasonforworkingfromhome.

C.haddifficultypersuadinghisemployertolethimdoit.

D.onlyvisitstheofficeforstaffmeetings.

問題2選項

A.sometimeshasregretsaboutworkingfromhome.

B.enjoystalkingaboutherworkwithherhusband.

C.isstilllearningherbusiness.

D.isdeterminedtoensurethatworkingfromhomesatisfiesher.

問題3選項

A.gotangrywithherhusbandabouttheofficedoor.

B.hadtohaveatotalchangeofmindsettobeworkfromhome.

C.oftengetsdistractedbyherdomesticduties.

D.recommendsworkingfromhome.

問題4選項

A.doesallhisbusinessusingmoderntelecommunications.

B.usuallyonlyseeshismanagersatscheduledmeetings.

C.liveslessthan7milesfromanyofthiscafes.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題5選項

A.isenviousofthesepeoplebeingabletoworkfromhome.

B.worksfromhomeherself.

C.doesn’tgiveheropiniononthesubject.

D.planstoworkfromhomeinthefuture.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“Interestingly,IfeelthatIworkevenbetterfromhome,somuchsothateventhoughoursonnowatschool,Istillworkthere.”,可知ScottMiller認為在家工作得更好??膳袛喑鯯cottMiller一直想在家工作。選項A符合題意。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Shesaysshelovesthefreedomthatworkingfromhomegivesher,butshereallymissedthesocialinteraction.”,可知JoanneMcCarthy喜歡在家工作給她帶來的自由,但她真的很懷念社交活動??膳袛喑鯦oanneMcCarthy有時會后悔在家工作。選項A符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“Itwassoeasytogetdistractedbytheotherthingsyouhavetodoathome,likewastingandcleaning”,可知LouiseTate認為在家工作很容易被家里要做的其他事情分心,比如丟垃圾和打掃。可判斷出Louise經(jīng)常被家務(wù)分心。選項C符合題意。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段,“IfIgetfedupwithworkingfromhomeorifthereareproblemsthathavetobedealtwithinperson.Ijustjumpinthecaranddrivetothecafes.”,可知除了倒數(shù)第三段中提到他通過現(xiàn)代通訊和經(jīng)理們交流之外,如果厭倦了在家工作,或者有一些問題需要親自處理,會直接去咖啡館。選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段,“wehavemeetingsatmyplace,whichgivethemanagersabreakfromtheirown‘office’.Theygetachangeofscenery.”,可知有時候會選擇在家開會,讓經(jīng)理們在自己的辦公室里休息一下。他們也可以換換環(huán)境??膳袛喑鯣eorgeMercer并不是在計劃的會議上才能見到經(jīng)理。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段,“GeorgeMercer,whoownssevencafeswithina7-mileradiusofdowntownMiami.HehasbasedhisofficeinhisFortLauderdalebeachfronthome”,可知他在邁阿密市中心方圓7英里內(nèi)擁有7家咖啡館。他的辦公室設(shè)在勞德代爾堡海濱的家中,可判斷出他并沒有住在離這些咖啡館不到7英里的地方。選項C可排除。綜上所述,選項D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。作者在文章中只是就在家工作列舉了很多人的例子,指出有的人喜歡在家工作,而有的人后悔在家工作,并沒有就這個問題發(fā)表自己的看法,沒有在文章中表明自己是否愿意在家工作。選項C符合題意。

19.單選題

Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyfortop-flightstafftravelandtelevisioncommercials.

問題1選項

A.dubiously

B.potently

C.profusely

D.candidly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞lavishly意為“豐富地;浪費地;大方地”;A選項“dubiously”意為“懷疑地;可疑地”;B選項“potently”意為“有說服力地;強有力地;有效力地”;C選項“profusely”意為“豐富地;不吝惜地;大量地”;D選項“candidly”意為“坦白地;率直地;直率而誠懇地”。句意:此外,競選活動本身得到了慷慨的資助,有足夠的錢用于一流的工作人員旅行和電視廣告。由題干可知,withplentyofmoney(有足夠的錢)說明financed(資助)肯定是充足的,或者數(shù)量巨大的。由此可知,lavishly在此處最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C選項符合題意。

20.單選題

NewChinesefirstladyPengLiyuan’schoiceofattirehassparkedaflurryofexcitementoveranindependenthomegrownlabel,anunusualphenomenoninacountrywherepoliticalfiguresaremorefrumpythanfashionableandwivesusuallyshyawayfromthespotlight.

ImagesofPeng,50,steppingoffaplanearm-in-armwithherhusbandPresidentX

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