考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常熟理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisour（

）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistent

B.continuous

C.considerate

D.continual

【答案】A

【解析】形近詞辨析題。consistent始終如一的，堅(jiān)持的；continuous連續(xù)的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；continual持續(xù)不斷的，頻繁的。

句意：通過(guò)和平的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一，這是我們一貫的政策。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.翻譯題

Inthecaseofartappreciation,psychologicalconditionsarerequired.Orientalartisdedicatednottotheeye,buttothemind.Itisforinternalenjoyment.Theidealwayoflookingatapaintingisnottogotoapublicgalleryorinthemidstofacrowd.Theidealwayistobealonewiththepainting,concentratingone’smindonit,communicatingwithituntiloneentersintotherhythmicvitalityoftheobject.Thegarden,also,isnevermeanttobemonumentalorornamental,butaplaceforspiritualcommunicationandpurification.Intheappreciationofart,naturemustbepenetrated,profoundlyunderstood,reflectedupon.Thisattitudeisalmostareligiousone,andisabsolutelynecessaryintheappreciationofOrientalsculpture.

【答案】就藝術(shù)欣賞而言，需要心理?xiàng)l件。東方藝術(shù)獻(xiàn)身于心靈而非眼睛。它注重于內(nèi)心的享受?？匆环?huà)的理想方式不是去公共畫(huà)廊或在人群中。理想的方法是與畫(huà)獨(dú)處，專(zhuān)心于畫(huà)，與畫(huà)交流，直到感覺(jué)到它生命的韻律?；▓@，也從來(lái)不是紀(jì)念性的或裝飾性的，而是一個(gè)精神交流和凈化的地方。在欣賞藝術(shù)的過(guò)程中，必須深入自然，深刻理解自然，反思自然。這種態(tài)度幾乎是一種宗教性的態(tài)度，在欣賞東方雕塑作品中是絕對(duì)必要的。

3.單選題

AftertheDemocraticshellackinginthemidtermelection,everyonewonderedhowPresidentObamawouldrespond.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fanfare

B.fiasco

C.facade

D.fantasy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fanfare“（儀式上慶祝或歡迎重要人物到場(chǎng)時(shí)）號(hào)角齊鳴，嘹亮短曲；大張旗鼓宣揚(yáng)，熱議”；B選項(xiàng)fiasco“慘敗；大慘??；泥鴿靶”；C選項(xiàng)facade“正面；表面；外觀”；D選項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想；白日夢(mèng)；幻覺(jué)”。句意：民主黨在中期選舉中落敗后，每個(gè)人都想知道奧巴馬總統(tǒng)會(huì)作何反應(yīng)。shellacking“毆打；徹底擊敗”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

ThelostcaroftheThompsonswasfoundforsakeninthewoodsoffthehighway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forsake意為“拋棄，遺棄”；vanish意為“消失”；scatter意為“驅(qū)散，散開(kāi)”；abandon意為“放棄，拋棄”；reject意為“拒絕”。

句意：湯普森一家丟失的汽車(chē)被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在遠(yuǎn)離高速公路的樹(shù)林里。

5.單選題

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil”.

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkerstearthey’vebecomethedisposableAmericanasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedUtopian(烏托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖癥).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause______.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith（為什么越來(lái)越多的財(cái)富不能帶來(lái)越來(lái)越多的幸福呢？這個(gè)問(wèn)題至少可以追溯到1958年約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯出版的《富裕社會(huì)》），說(shuō)明約翰?肯尼斯?加爾布雷斯在《富裕社會(huì)》一書(shū)中提出了為什么財(cái)富不能帶來(lái)幸福的問(wèn)題。因此B選項(xiàng)“為什么富裕并不能保證幸?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“為什么統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)的真相”，C選項(xiàng)“今天如何能促進(jìn)幸?！保珼選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的背后是什么”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.（在加爾布雷斯看來(lái)，物質(zhì)主義太盛行，會(huì)滋生不滿(mǎn)情緒。），說(shuō)明加爾布雷斯認(rèn)為人們感覺(jué)不滿(mǎn)意的原因是物質(zhì)主義的肆虐。因此D選項(xiàng)“物質(zhì)主義在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)肆意橫行”正確。A選項(xiàng)“公共開(kāi)支沒(méi)有像預(yù)期的那樣被削減”，B選項(xiàng)“政府已被證明是一種必要的罪惡”不是加爾布雷斯認(rèn)為人們不滿(mǎn)的觀點(diǎn)，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)另一次大蕭條心存恐懼”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的美國(guó)已經(jīng)消除了傳統(tǒng)意義上的不幸：貧窮、疾病和寒冷，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的恐懼不會(huì)成為他們不滿(mǎn)的原因，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants（人們感覺(jué)“財(cái)政緊張”，因?yàn)樵鲩L(zhǎng)的收入滿(mǎn)足不了他們?cè)絹?lái)越多的需求），說(shuō)明物質(zhì)追求超出了人們的收入。因此A選項(xiàng)“他們的物質(zhì)追求已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了他們的收入”正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力隨著通貨膨脹而明顯下降”，C選項(xiàng)“財(cái)富的分配在富人和窮人之間是不平衡的”，D選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)生保健和教育費(fèi)用在某種程度上已經(jīng)失去了控制”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thedisposableAmerican”可以定位到文章第五段Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkerstearthey’vebecomethedisposableAmericanasLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.（人們把工作的穩(wěn)定性看作是他們生活水平的一部分。隨著企業(yè)裁員的增加，這部分已經(jīng)被侵蝕。路易斯?烏奇捷利在他的同名書(shū)中寫(xiě)道，越來(lái)越多的工人認(rèn)為自己變成了“被遺棄的美國(guó)人”。），說(shuō)明人們把工作穩(wěn)定當(dāng)作生活水平的一部分，而被解雇的人越多，這種工作安全感也就削弱了，“被遺棄的美國(guó)人”在文中是指“沒(méi)有穩(wěn)定工作的工人”。因此D選項(xiàng)“不再有穩(wěn)定工作的工人”正確。A選項(xiàng)“那些把工作的穩(wěn)定性看作是他們生活水平的一部分的人”，B選項(xiàng)“因富裕而產(chǎn)生烏托邦思想的人”，C選項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)政治中沒(méi)有什么發(fā)言權(quán)的人”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第七段第二句Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.（但是，對(duì)增長(zhǎng)的追求導(dǎo)致了新的焦慮和經(jīng)濟(jì)沖突，擾亂了社會(huì)秩序。），說(shuō)明追求富?？赡軒?lái)新的焦慮和經(jīng)濟(jì)沖突。因此C選項(xiàng)“新的沖突和抱怨”正確。A選項(xiàng)“重新獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)保障”，B選項(xiàng)“一種自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的感覺(jué)”，D選項(xiàng)“痛苦和反社會(huì)行為”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Astheywatchedthematch,thecrowd（

）inunison.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chanted

B.crooned

C.crowed

D.harmonized

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)chant“歌唱，頌揚(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)croon“低吟，輕哼”；C選項(xiàng)crow“打鳴”；D選項(xiàng)harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)”。句意：當(dāng)他們?cè)谟^看比賽的時(shí)候，人群齊聲歌唱。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Manycriticsofthecurrentwelfaresystemarguethatexistingwelfareregulationsleadtofamilyinstability.Theybelievethatthoseregulations,whichexcludemostpoorhusband-and-wifefamiliesfromAidtoFamilieswithDependentChildren(AFDC)assistancegrants,contributetotheproblemoffamilydissolution.Thus,theyconcludethatexpandingthesetoffamiliesthatcaneligiblygetsuchgrantswouldresultinamarkedstrengtheningofthelow-incomefamilystructure.

Ifallpoorfamiliescouldwelfare,wouldtheincidenceofinstabilitychangemarkedly?Theanswertothisquestiondependsonrelativeimportanceofthreetypesofpotentialwelfarerecipients.Thefirstisthe"Cheater"-thehusbandwhoisreportedtohaveabandonedhisfamily,butinfactdisappearsonlywhenthesocialworkerisintheneighborhood.Thesecondconsistsofalovinghusbandanddevotedfatherwho,sensinghisowninadequacyasafamilysupporter,leavessothathiswifeandchildrenmayenjoytherelativebenefitprovidedbypublicassistance.Thereisverylittleevidencethatthesetwotypesaresignificant

Thethirdtypeistheunhappilymarriedcouple,whoremaintogetheroutofasenseofeconomicresponsibilityfortheirchildren,becauseofthehighcostsofseparation,orbecauseoftheconsumptionbenefitsofmarriage.Thisgroupislarge.Theformation，maintenance,anddissolutionofthefamilyisinlargepanafunctionoftherelativebalancebetweenthebenefitsandcostsofmarriageasseenbytheindividualmembersofthemarriage.Sincethefamilyperformscertainfunctionssocietyregardsasvital,acomplexnetworkofsocialandlegalprocesshasevolvedtoreinforcemarriage.Muchofthevariationinmaritalstabilityacrossincomeclassescanbeexplainedbythevariationincostsofdissolutionimposedbysociety,suchasdivisionofproperty,andchildsupport.

Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandlotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.Expectedincomeexertspressuresairfamilyinstabilitybyreducingthecostofdissolution.Totheextentthatwelfareisaformofgovernment-subsidizedAFDCpayments,itreducesthecostsofseparationandguaranteesaminimalstandardoflivingforwifeandchildren.Sowelfareopportunitiesareasignificantdeterminantoffamilyinstabilityinpoorneighborhoods,butthisisnottheresultofAFDCregulationsthatexcludemostintactfamiliesfromcoverage.Rather,welfare-relatedinstabilityoccursbecausepublicassistancelowersboththebenefitsofmarriageandthecostsofitsbreachbyprovidingasystemofgovernment-subsidizedpayments.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

3.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmarriagewouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

4.Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundina（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Welfarerestrictiondonotcontributetolow-incomefamilyinstability

B.Themostsignificantkindofwelfarerecipientsisnotthe"cheating”father.

C.Thedivorcerateisboundtofallwhenwelfarebenefitsarecut.

D.Governmentwelfarepaymentsleaddirectlytogrowingdivorcerate.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidentandoptimistic

B.scientificanddetached

C.discouragedandalarmed

D.politeandsensitive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Marriageislargelyshapedbypowerfulbutimpersonaleconomicandsocialforces

B.Marriagehasagreatervaluetohigherincomegroups

C.Societyhasnointerestinencouragingpeopletoremainmarriedtooneanother

D.Marriagewillgraduallygivewaytootherformsofsocialorganization.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.basiceconomictext

B.bookonthehistoryofwelfare

C.religiousliteratureontheimportanceofmarriage

D.scholarlyjournaldevotedtopublicpolicyquestions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章針對(duì)許多批評(píng)家對(duì)當(dāng)前的福利制度導(dǎo)致家庭不穩(wěn)定的指責(zé)，分析了產(chǎn)生這種情況的原因，并得出了與批評(píng)者相反的結(jié)論，所以A選項(xiàng)‘福利限制不會(huì)導(dǎo)致低收入家庭的不穩(wěn)定’正確。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文中作者科學(xué)而又客觀地(scientificanddetached)分析了造成家庭解體的諸多因素，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文中的“Maritalstabilityisrelatedtothecostsofachievinganacceptableagreementonfamilyconsumptionandproductionandtotheprevailingsocialpriceofinstabilityinthemarriagesocial-economicgroup.婚姻的穩(wěn)定性與就家庭消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)達(dá)成可接受的共識(shí)所付出的代價(jià)有關(guān)，也與婚姻社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)團(tuán)體不穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)盛行價(jià)格有關(guān)?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“婚姻在很大程度上是由強(qiáng)大但客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)力量所決定的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本文主要分析了福利制度與家庭穩(wěn)定性關(guān)系，屬于公共政策問(wèn)題，所以D選項(xiàng)‘專(zhuān)門(mén)研究公共政策問(wèn)題的學(xué)術(shù)期刊’正確。

8.單選題

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的；hollow空的、虛偽的；greasy油膩的；salutary有益的。句意：汽車(chē)修理工一進(jìn)入房間就開(kāi)始脫下他油膩的工作服。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Becauseofcarelesswashing,thewoolensweater

toachild’ssize.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compressed

B.dropped

C.shrank

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。compress“壓縮，壓緊”；drop“推動(dòng)；幫助”；shrink“收縮”；diminish“減少”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息achild’ssize可知羊毛衫縮小，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：由于洗滌不當(dāng)，這件羊毛衫縮小成了兒童尺寸。

10.單選題

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Ithaschangedthewaywework.Alreadywe’repartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportant,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

1.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat（）.

2.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat（）.

3.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeansthat（）.

4.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforce

B.manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasing

C.peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactories

D.mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheserviceindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificant

B.people’straditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrue

C.mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobs

D.peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnology

B.futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutunbelievablechanges

C.theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlooked

D.computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservice

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformation

B.givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialareinvolvedintheserviceindustries

C.involvethemselvesintheserviceindustries

D.casttheirmindaheadinsteadoflookingback

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computersandtheknowledgesociety

B.ServiceIndustriesintheModernSociety

C.FeaturesandmeaningsoftheNewEra

D.RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段第六句TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.（如今，美國(guó)、歐洲和日本的大部分工作（其中許多國(guó)家三分之二或更多）都在服務(wù)行業(yè)，而且這一數(shù)字還在上升。），可知服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機(jī)會(huì)，故D選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)行業(yè)提供大部分工作機(jī)會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)業(yè)越來(lái)越依賴(lài)女性勞動(dòng)力”：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，越來(lái)越多女性參加工作，但不等于服務(wù)業(yè)越來(lái)越依賴(lài)女性。B選項(xiàng)“制造業(yè)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)”和C選項(xiàng)“人們發(fā)現(xiàn)在工廠(chǎng)工作越來(lái)越難以謀生”：根據(jù)第一段第五句，制造產(chǎn)品的人比例急劇下降，沒(méi)有提到制造業(yè)薪水問(wèn)題。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第十句italsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself（它也形成一個(gè)基本的新的思考工作本身的性質(zhì)的方式。）和最后一句Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers…allthesearebeingchallenged（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的觀念……所有這些都受到了挑戰(zhàn)），可見(jiàn)人們對(duì)工作和職業(yè)的思考方式完全轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種新的，故B選項(xiàng)“人們關(guān)于工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念不再成立”正確。A選項(xiàng)“雇員和雇主之間的差異已經(jīng)變得微不足道”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，雇員和雇主之間的關(guān)系受到挑戰(zhàn)，沒(méi)有提到差異微不足道。C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句，兼職工作更多，不等于大多數(shù)人不得不做兼職工作。D選項(xiàng)“人們不得不時(shí)不時(shí)地?fù)Q工作”：文章沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.綜合歸納題。第二段第一句Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead（我們只要回顧過(guò)去，就能對(duì)未來(lái)有所了解）和最后一句Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob（這將是你工作的方式），可知作者通過(guò)舉計(jì)算機(jī)和其他發(fā)明的例子讓讀者知道未來(lái)技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向和對(duì)工作的影響，旨在表達(dá)要對(duì)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，故A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該能夠?qū)夹g(shù)的進(jìn)步做出迅速反應(yīng)”正確。其余選項(xiàng)雖然作者有提到，但是不是核心意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.綜合歸納題。在第二段中，作者提到Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead…lookingahead20years…castyourmindahead10years（我們只要回顧過(guò)去，就能對(duì)未來(lái)有所了解……展望未來(lái)20年……以10年后的角度思考），可見(jiàn)作者反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在就要把目光放在未來(lái)，故D選項(xiàng)“思考未來(lái)，而非看向過(guò)去”正確。A選項(xiàng)“掌握并懂得如何利用信息”：運(yùn)用信息解決問(wèn)題的能力是一方面，不是核心。B選項(xiàng)“充分發(fā)揮大腦潛能的人都從事服務(wù)業(yè)”和C選項(xiàng)“投身服務(wù)業(yè)”：服務(wù)業(yè)在近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速，但文章沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)講在未來(lái)如何。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Aneweraisuponus（一個(gè)新的時(shí)代正向我們走來(lái)）和后文強(qiáng)調(diào)隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展人們社會(huì)生活的變化，可知本文主要講新時(shí)代的特征和意義，故C選項(xiàng)“新時(shí)代的特征和意義”正確。A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)與知識(shí)社會(huì)”，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的服務(wù)業(yè)”和D選項(xiàng)“信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展”都不能完整概括文章主旨。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

MostpeopledonotknowthatJulietteGordonLow,thefounderoftheGirlScoutsofAmerica,wasdeaf.Shebegantoloseherhearingwhenshewas17,andbecamealmosttotallydeafinheradulthood.

JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetingsandwasveryimpressedbecausethegirlsacquiredmanyusefulskills.Theylearnedhowtocook,knit,tieknotsandgivefirstaid.Theyalsolearnedaboutthehistoryoftheflag.Moreover,theydevelopedimportantsocialskillsastheylearnedhowtoworktogether.Juliettethoughtthatgirlseverywhereshouldhavethisopportunity,soshedecidedtoorganizemoretroops.

JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland.Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.However,Juliettewasaverydeterminedwoman.Whenthewomenrefused,shewouldpretendthatshedidn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.

Juliettealwayspersevereduntilshemotivatedotherstohelpherwithhergoals.OneencounterthatrequiredherpersistencehappenedwhileshewasinScotland.Shewaswalkingalongaroadonedaywhenshecametoastream.Theonlywayacrossthestreamwasbyafootlog,andJuliettewasafraidtocrossitalone.Shewaswonderingwhattodowhenshesawapeddlercomingdowntheroad.Shetoldthepeddlertogoacrossthebridgefirst,andshewouldfollowwithherhandonhisshoulder.Althoughthepeddlerstartedtoprotest,herstubborninsistenceagainpaidoff.Hereluctantlyledheracrossthefootbridge.Oncetheyweresafelyontheotherside,thepeddlerexplainedtoherthathewasblind!

WhenJuliettecamebacktoAmericaforavisit,shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms.

In1913,theGirlGuideschangeditsnametotheGirlScouts.JulietteLowcamebacktoSavannahthatsameyear.ShedecidedthatthereshouldbeGirlScouttroopsallovertheUnitedStates,sosheworkedtowardthatgoal.ThefirstnationalGirlScoutconventionwasheldinWashingtonD.C,onJune10,1915.

JuliettediedinSavannahonJanuary17,1927.Thankstoher,therearenowGirlScoutsallovertheworld.Juliette'shomeinSavannahisanationalGirlScoutcenter.

"Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.”Thissentencemeans（

）.

1.Themainideaofthispassagecanbestbestatedas

（

）.

2.“...JuliettestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsin3.Savannah.”Fromthisstatementwecanassumethat

（

）.

4.Juliettedidthingsinthisorder:

（

）.

5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanassumethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thewomenwereeagertohelpherstartGirlGuidestroops

B.thewomenwantedtohelp,buthadsomethingduethattheyneededtoworkon

C.thewomenwereinchargeofotherfamilies

D.thewomendidn'twanttohelpherbecausetheyweretoobusywiththeirfamilies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,useddeterminationandpersistencetostartGirlScouttroopsallovertheworld

B.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,wasverypushyandalwaysgotwhatshewanted

C.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,traveledtomanydifferentplacesinherlifetimebutendedupbackinSavannah

D.withoutJuliette,theGirlScoutswouldstillonlyBritishphenomenon.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.JuliettelikedtheuniformstheGirlGuideswore

B.otherpeoplesetuptheirowntroopsbecausetheywerejealousofJuliette

C.Juliettehelpedtostartallsixofthesetroops

D.thegirlsinthefirsttrooparguedandhadtobeseparatedintosixdifferenttroops

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

B.watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

C.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings.

D.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Juliettehadtoworkbecauseherhusbanddidn'tmakeenoughmoney

B.Julietteenjoyedbeingbusyandhelpingothers

C.JuliettewantedtobeaGirlGuideherself,butshewastooold

D.Juliette'shusbanddidn'tapproveofherinvolvementinthisassociation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。bereluctantto意為“不愿意，不情愿”，dueto意為“由于”。由文章第三段中的Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities...Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不請(qǐng)其他婦女幫助她。有時(shí)，由于家庭責(zé)任，這些婦女不愿意花時(shí)間……結(jié)果，盡管很忙，婦女們還是幫助了她）可知A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確，這些婦女剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候并不樂(lè)意幫助她，B選項(xiàng)與duetofamilyresponsibilities不符，故排除，C選項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提及，故排除，因此選D。

2.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了JulietteLow雖然耳朵聽(tīng)不到，但她一直為在世界各地建立女童子軍堅(jiān)持不懈地努力，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.（她在家鄉(xiāng)薩凡納組建了第一支女童子軍。六個(gè)月后，當(dāng)她回到英國(guó)時(shí)，薩凡納有六支女童子軍）可知C選項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確，Juliette只組建了一支女童子軍，故排除；A選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及，故排除；在根據(jù)后面的Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms（那時(shí)，女孩們各自制作了自己的制服）可知D選項(xiàng)“第一個(gè)女童子軍團(tuán)的女孩因爭(zhēng)論，不得不分成六支軍團(tuán)”最為恰當(dāng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetings和第三段中的JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland內(nèi)容可知Juliette先是嫁給了William，然后再去的英國(guó)，在那里她對(duì)GirlGuidesAssociation產(chǎn)生了興趣并仔細(xì)觀察她們的會(huì)議，最后她組建了自己的女童子軍，因此選D。

5.推理判斷題。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵聽(tīng)不到，嫁給了William，就沒(méi)有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C選項(xiàng)文章也沒(méi)有提及，只能通過(guò)Juliette為建立女童子軍所做的努力，推測(cè)她是一個(gè)樂(lè)于助人的人，因此選B。

12.單選題

Therats（

）bacterialinfectionsoftheblood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.develop

B.produce

C.stimulate

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。develop意為“發(fā)展，患(病)，出現(xiàn)(問(wèn)題)”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)，制造”；stimulate意為“刺激”；induce意為“引誘”。bacterialinfections意為“細(xì)菌感染”，時(shí)一種病癥，主語(yǔ)為“rats（老鼠）”，故只有A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯。

句意：老鼠出現(xiàn)了血液細(xì)菌感染。

13.單選題

Please（）thoseoldnewspaperswhileyou’recleaninguptheroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposeout

B.disposeof

C.disposeaway

D.disposein

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)disposeout非短語(yǔ)搭配；B選項(xiàng)disposeof處理，轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)u(mài)掉；C選項(xiàng)disposeaway非短語(yǔ)搭配；D選項(xiàng)disposein非短語(yǔ)搭配。因此，只有B項(xiàng)為正確搭配，且符合題意。句意：請(qǐng)你在清理房間的時(shí)候丟掉這些過(guò)期的報(bào)紙。

14.單選題

Whenwritingaboutcontroversialtopics,someauthorstrytobe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressive

B.reflective

C.objective

D.persuasive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。impressive意為“給人印象深刻的，感人的”；reflective意為“反射的，反映的”；objective意為“客觀的，實(shí)體的”；persuasive意為“有說(shuō)服力的”。

句意：在寫(xiě)有爭(zhēng)議的話(huà)題時(shí)，有些作者力求客觀。

15.單選題

Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas（

）allotheranimalsonearth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.do

C.is

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法中的主謂一致。Smallasitis是一個(gè)倒裝句，是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為asitissmall，而theantisas...as...第二個(gè)as后是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)為allotheranimals，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are。故本題正確答案為A。句意：螞蟻雖小，但它是和地球上其它動(dòng)物一樣的生物。

16.單選題

Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.too

C.so

D.enough

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：開(kāi)車(chē)越小心就越好。B選項(xiàng)cannottoo加形容詞“越……越好”，其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配且不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge負(fù)責(zé)；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能為這個(gè)案件作證的人，因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘殺害了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

TheTVnewsmagazinesitspreciselyatthe（

）ofinformationandentertainment,forwhileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foundation

B.juncture

C.institution

D.cessation

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。foundation“基礎(chǔ)，地基，創(chuàng)立”；juncture“接縫，接合”；institution“制度，建立，（社會(huì)或宗教等）公共機(jī)構(gòu)”；cessation“停止，中止”。根據(jù)句中“whileitisnotasillysitcom,itisnotadocumentaryeither雖然它不是愚蠢的情景喜劇，但它也不是記錄片。”可知空格處的句意是‘電視新聞雜志正好位于信息與娛樂(lè)的結(jié)合處，’B選項(xiàng)的“結(jié)合”正確。

19.單選題

Successfulbusin