考研考博-英語-成都藝術(shù)職業(yè)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-成都藝術(shù)職業(yè)大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

SinceAlfredNobeldiedin1896wehaveenteredanageofstormandtragedy.Thepowerofmanhasgrownineverysphereexceptoverhimself.Neverinthefieldofactionhaveeventsseemedsoharshlytodwarfpersonalities.Rarelyinhistoryhavebrutalfactssodominatedthoughtorhassuchawidespreadindividualvirtuefoundsodimacollectivefocus.

WeinEuropeandthewesternworldwhohaveplannedforhealthandsocialsecurity,whohavemarveledatthetriumphsofmedicineandscience,andwhohaveaimedatjusticeandfreedomforall,haveneverthelessbeenwitnessesoffamine,misery,cruelty,anddestructionbeforewhichpalethedeedsofGenghisKhan.Andwewho,firstintheLeagueofNationsandnowintheUnitedNations,haveattemptedtogiveanabidingfoundationtothepeaceofwhichmenhavedreamedsolonghavelivedtoseeaworldmarredbycleavagesandthreatenedbydiscordsevergraverandmoreviolentthanthosewhichconvulsedEuropeafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

AlfredNobelhasleftbehindhimabrightandenduringbeamofculture,ofpurpose,andofinspirationtoagenerationwhichstandsinsoreneed.Thisworld-famousinstitutionpointsatruepathforustofollow.Letus,therefore,confronttheclatterandrigidityweseearounduswithtolerance,variety,andcalm.

【答案】自阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生1896年去世后，我們就進入了一個狂暴而悲慘的時代。人類的勢力在每個領(lǐng)域都有所發(fā)展，只有其自身除外。在戰(zhàn)場上從未有過如此殘酷之事，人格如此卑微，歷史上思想受控于殘酷的事實也是罕有，廣為舍棄的美德也從未如此黯淡無光。

我們所在的歐洲和西方社會，曾注重醫(yī)療事業(yè)和社會安全事業(yè)，曾在醫(yī)學和科學上取得驚人成功，曾致力于全人類的正義和自由，可我們現(xiàn)在卻見證了饑荒、痛苦、殘忍和毀滅。這些足以使成吉思汗的豐功偉績黯然失色。從起初的國際聯(lián)盟到今天的聯(lián)合國，我們一直嘗試著給人們夢想已久的和平，建立一個持久的基礎。我們目睹了分崩離析、戰(zhàn)火紛飛的破損社會，其動蕩比羅馬帝國崩潰后對歐洲的震動更慘重和劇烈。

阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生將輝煌而不朽的文化、意志和靈感的燈火留給了急需滋養(yǎng)的一代。這個舉世聞名的機構(gòu)指出了一條真正的道路，引領(lǐng)我們前行。所以讓我們用忍耐、機敏與冷靜，來對抗我們身邊嘈雜與僵化的環(huán)境吧。

2.單選題

Youarethe（）personIwanttosee.Whydidyoucometoseeme?

問題1選項

A.very

B.fine

C.last

D.suitable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項very“恰好的；十足的；唯獨的；真正的”；B選項fine“好的；健康的；晴朗的”；C選項last“最后的；最終的；最不可能的”；D選項suitable“適當?shù)?；相配的”。句意：你就是我……要見的人。你為什么來看我？由后面的問句可看出說話者并不想見此人，四個選項中只有l(wèi)ast表示“最不……的”之意，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Theemployertriedto（）hisemployeesfromstagingrollingstrikesbythreateningtoclosedowntheentireplant.

問題1選項

A.forbid

B.intimidate

C.avoid

D.distract

【答案】A

【解析】forbidfrom...為固定搭配，意為“阻止，禁止”。句意：雇主威脅要關(guān)閉整個工廠，試圖阻止他的員工罷工。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Johnplayedbasketballincollegeand（）activeeversince.

問題1選項

A.haveextremelybeen

B.hasbeenextremely

C.willbeextremely

D.shouldextremelybe

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)"eversince"可知本句應用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示過去的影響一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。所以選項B正確。

5.單選題

Indeed,whenyourealizethatyouare（

）ofthisentirenaturalnetwork,itwillmakeyouappreciateyourtimehereonEarthallthemore.

問題1選項

A.partandparcel

B.hustleandbustle

C.breadandbutter

D.fleshandblood

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。partandparcel意為“重要的部分”；hustleandbustle意為“熙熙攘攘”；breadandbutter意為“生計”；fleshandblood意為“血肉之軀”。

句意：事實上，當你意識到你是整個自然網(wǎng)絡的一部分時，會讓你更重視你在地球上的時間。

6.單選題

Thedictator’sfirststepwasto_______thefreepress.

問題1選項

A.strangle

B.strand

C.stratify

D.estrange

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。strangle“壓制，使窒息”；strand“使擱淺，陷入困境”；stratify“分層”；estrange“使疏遠，離間”。句意：獨裁者的第一步是壓制言論自由。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe（）situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問題1選項

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】economics經(jīng)濟學；economic經(jīng)濟上的，經(jīng)濟學的；economy經(jīng)濟，節(jié)約；economical經(jīng)濟的，節(jié)約的。

根據(jù)句意可知，填空處應填入形容詞，首先排除選項A和C；選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

（）fabricsusuallydon’twrinkleasmuchascotton.

問題1選項

A.Symbolic

B.Sympathetic

C.Synthetic

D.Systematic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項symbolic“象征的；符號的”；B選項sympathetic“同情的；和諧的”；C選項synthetic“綜合的；合成的，人造的”；D選項systematic“系統(tǒng)的；體系的”。句意：合成纖維織物通常沒有棉織物那么容易起皺。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“fabrics纖維織物”可知“合成的”符合句意，因此C選項正確。

9.翻譯題

Abaseball(棒球)thatlandsinanopen(開闊地)sooncomestorestbecauseofitsinteractionwiththeground.

【答案】由于與地面的相互作用，落在空地上的棒球很快就會停下來。

10.單選題

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see“100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture”).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN’s“RedList”ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeast

Concernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecognizeanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanity’simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.

1.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby（

）.

2.TheIUCN“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsare

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

（

）.

5.AWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.ourdesireforfulfillment

B.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

C.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

D.ourbeliefinequalopportunity

問題2選項

A.asustainedspecies

B.theworld’sdominantpower

C.athreattotheenvironment

D.amisplacedrace

問題3選項

A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

B.Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

C.Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

D.OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

問題4選項

A.exploreourplanet'sabundantresources

B.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

C.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

D.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

問題5選項

A.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

B.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

C.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

D.Science,TechnologyandHumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto(隨著我們對自身所面臨的各種從小行星碰撞到流感、氣候變化的威脅已更深入地了解，如今烏托邦(即理想中最美好的社會)已變得過時。你甚至可能禁不住地去認為人類幾乎沒有未來可期待)。因此可推知B項“我們相信科學和技術(shù)”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段中:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline(人類分布非常廣泛、適應性強、數(shù)量正在不斷增加且沒有任何大的威脅會導致人類總?cè)丝诘南陆?，所以人類被列為最不瀕危的物種),因此選A項“一種可持續(xù)的物種”。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第五段指出:Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture(或許反常的是相比考慮不久的將來，考慮如此長遠的未來可能更容易),因此選D項“我們不久的將來難以設想”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture...(如同經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的那樣，過去是掌握未來的關(guān)鍵……),因此選C項“利用我們來自過去的經(jīng)驗”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出:你甚至可能禁不住地去認為人類幾乎沒有未來可期待。然而這樣的沮喪卻是一種錯誤判斷?；涗洷砻骱芏辔锓N已生存了數(shù)百萬年，因此為何我們?nèi)祟惒豢赡苌鏀?shù)百萬年呢？,因此C項“人類的前景總是光明”比較適合作文章標題。

11.單選題

Itiswellknownthatthepopularsingerhasa/an()carinadditiontoalargehouse.

問題1選項

A.credible

B.incredible

C.believable

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】credible可靠的，可信的；incredible難以置信的，驚人的；believable可信的；inherent固有的，遺傳的，與生俱來的。句意：眾所周知，這位流行歌手除了有一所大房子外，還有一輛好車。選項B符合句意。

12.單選題

Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.

WhenIwasapsychiatricresident,wehadafacultymemberwhowasfamousforhismessyoffice:stacksofpapersandoldjournalscoveredeverychairandtableaswellasmuchofthefloor.Oneday,asIwalkedpasttheopenofficedoorwithoneofmysupervisors,hemurmuredmildly,“Oddduck.”Andthatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflectonthispeculiarstateofaffairswithinaninstitutionstaffedbypsychiatrists.Eventually,thefacultymemberhadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients.

Notsurprisingly,thepsychiatricdiagnosticmanualdoesnotlist“messyroom”intheindex.Butitdoesmentionatantalizingsymptom:inability“todiscardworn-outorworthlessobjectsevenwhentheyhavenosentimentalvalue,”Itcomesunderthediagnosisobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder，anobscurecousinofthemorefamousobsessive-compulsivedisorder.

Iwasbarelyawareofthediagnosis.Everyerahasmentaldisordersthatforculturalorscientificreasonsbecomepopular.InFreud’sdayitwashysteria.Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.Butotherailmentsgorelativelyignored,andthisdisorderwasone.

Itcamewithalistofadditionalsymptomsthatappearedtobepeculiar;anxietyaboutspendingmoney,excessivedevotiontoworktotheexclusionofleisureactivities,rigidityaboutfollowingrules,perfectionismindoingtasks—attimestothepointofinterferingwithfinishingthem.

Inmoderation,thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionismmayevenbeassetsinrule-anddetail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw.

Butwhenthesymptomsaretoointenseorpervasive,theybecomecrippling.Beneaththeseeminglyadaptivebehaviorsliesacentraldisability.Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.Theylacktheinternalsenseofcompletionthatmostofusexperienceattheendofachoiceoratask,eyenoneassimpleasthrowingsomethingoutormakingapurchase.Inobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,thisfeelingoccursonlyafterendlessdeliberationandrevision,ifatall.

Theneedtocomeupwiththe“correct”answer,thebestpurchaseortheperfectproposalleadstoexcessruminationovereachdecision.Itcanevenleadtocompleteparalysis.Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.Open-endedassignments,likewritingpapers,arenightmares.

Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.Thepictureleapsoutfromthepreviouslydisorganizedbackground.Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?

2.Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is______.

3.Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat_________.

4.Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____________.

5.Fromthelastparagraphwecanseethattheauthor’sviewisthat_________.

問題1選項

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardness.

問題2選項

A.hysteria

B.depression

C.messiness

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorder

問題3選項

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolaw

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholicculture

C.theyhavealowprofile

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasive

問題4選項

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmaking

B.theyareopen-endedassignments

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysis

D.theyaremadebyother

問題5選項

A.amessyroomisjustamessyroom

B.amessyroomisanindicationoftheobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder

C.psychiatristsshouldpayattentiontoamessyroom

D.psychiatristsshouldseepatternsofseeminglydisorganizedbehaviors,butshouldn’tbetooreductionistic

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.”，可知，即使回過頭來看一些行為的確非常奇怪，但是對于那些我們不能理解的行為，我們經(jīng)常會保持忽視的態(tài)度。緊接著第二段用一位同事的例子來說明這個觀點，選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第四句，“Currently,depressionhasmovedtocenterstage.”，可知目前，抑郁癥已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的焦點。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第一句，“thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionism…”，因為強迫癥人格障礙的癥狀剛好符合工作狂的文化精神，不懈努力的工作定位和完美主義在工作中甚至會成為優(yōu)點，因此強迫癥在診斷過程中經(jīng)常被忽視。選項B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第七段，“Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.”，可知患有強迫癥的人在做決定方面有巨大的困難。根據(jù)文章第八段，“Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions.”，可知對于這些人來說，規(guī)則是最大的恩賜，因為代表著預先做好的決定。所以可推斷，規(guī)則的制定使他們不用自己作決定。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist，understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.”，可知對于這方面的病人或者精神病醫(yī)生，理解診斷癥狀是有必要的?！癇utundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.”，可知有時我們可以把事情看得更簡單一些，有些情形并沒有什么，有時凌亂的房間僅僅是凌亂而已。所以可推斷出，作者認為醫(yī)生必須要理解一些診斷性的癥狀，能看到一些雜亂無章的行為并且熟悉病癥，以便于給病人看病，但是有時候凌亂確實只是一種簡單的現(xiàn)象，并不是病癥，醫(yī)生也不能多慮。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Peeringthroughthedarkness,thetravelercould（）lightsinthedistanceandthenhedoubledhispace.

問題1選項

A.perceive

B.discern

C.recognize

D.visualize

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“理解，認知，感覺”；B選項discern“隱約可見，覺察出，識別”；C選項recognize“認出，識別”；D選項visualize“形象，形象化”。句意：透過黑暗，旅行者可以（）遠處有燈光，于是他加快了腳步。這里因為是透過黑暗，所以應該是“隱約可見燈光”，因此B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Adrunkmanwalkedin,______inappearance.

問題1選項

A.repulsive

B.reluctant

C.reproachful

D.reputed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B項reluctant“不情愿的”，常與to搭配構(gòu)成不定式；C項reproachful“責備的、指責的”；D項reputed“享有聲望的”；句意：一個醉漢走了進來，面目可憎。因此該題A項正確。

15.單選題

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

問題1選項

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項exile“放逐，流放”；B選項hostage“人質(zhì)，抵押品”；C選項survivor“幸存者”；D選項refugee“難民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官員估計，戰(zhàn)爭導致50多萬難民急需食物、衣服和住所。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

In1896aGeorgiacouplesuingfordamagesintheaccidentaldeathoftheirtwo-year-oldwastoldthatsincethechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothefamily,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.Incontrast,lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree-year-oldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamagesandwonanawardof$750,000.

ThetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxtaposingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofVivianaZelizer’sexcellentbook,PricingthePricelessChild.Duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconceptofthe“useful”childwhocontributedtothefamilyeconomygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotionofthe“useless”childwho,thoughproducingnoincomefor,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyetconsideredemotionally“priceless”.Wellestablishedamongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythemid-1800’s.Thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthroughoutsocietyinthelate-nineteenthandearly-twentiethcenturiesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulationsandcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartontheassumptionthatachild’semotionalvaluemadechildlabortaboo.

ForZelizertheoriginsofthistransformationweremanyandcomplex.Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.Yet“expulsionofchildrenfromthe‘cashnexus’,althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesintheeconomic,occupational,andfamilystructures,”Zelizermaintains,“wasalsopartofaculturalprocessof‘sacralization’ofchildren’slives.”Protectingchildrenfromthecrassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantforlate-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,shesuggests；thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhattheyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhumanvaluesbythemarketplace.

Instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild’sworth,Zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew“sociologicaleconomics”，whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.Allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforcesintheformofindividual“preferences”，thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.Zelizerishighlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinsteadtheoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluestotransformprice.Aschildrenbecamemorevaluableinemotionalterms,sheargues,theirexchange”or“surrender”valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionoftheirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuchgreater.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

5.Zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworthexceptchangesin（）.

問題1選項

A.earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath

B.wealthofthepartycausingthedeath

C.degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath

D.amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled

問題2選項

A.neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection

B.requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking

C.wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily

D.wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool

問題3選項

A.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingoftheirchildren.

B.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly.

C.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual.

D.Thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor.

問題4選項

A.reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield

B.presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook

C.contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzehistoricalchange

D.refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon

問題5選項

A.themortalityrate

B.thenatureofindustry

C.thenatureofthefamily

D.attitudestowardreformmovements

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一句提到1986年一位兩歲的小孩意外去世，其父母沒有得到賠償，因為小孩沒有給家里帶來收入。所以可以推斷，19世紀意外死亡的賠償是根據(jù)人能否創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟價值來決定的。選項A符合題意。

第2題:題干中的1800’s與第一段的1896對應，所以19世紀早期注重的是孩子的經(jīng)濟價值，所以選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章最后一段提到所謂的社會經(jīng)濟學家認為人的一切社會活動都是把金錢放在最重要的地位。（thesesociologiststendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilybytheprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain），選項B符合這一原則。

第4題:文章沒有提到“anewacademicsubfield”，選項A排除；文章沒有通過對比來分析歷史，選項C排除；作者并沒有表明對社會現(xiàn)象的傳統(tǒng)解釋的態(tài)度，選項D排除。所以選項B符合題意，文章主要在講述VivianaZelizer的PricingthePricelessChild這本書。

第5題:第三段第二句話Thegradualerosionofchildren’sproductivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy,thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchildmortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionatefamily(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedbyexplicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactorscriticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren’sworth.提到影響兒童價值的因素包括：成熟的工業(yè)體系導致童工的比重下降，出生率、死亡率尤其是兒童的死亡率下降，家庭成員間的關(guān)系。四個選項中只有D選項沒有提及，所以D選項符合題意。

17.單選題

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointCastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystarlingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productoffering，orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthepresentwebbusiness?

2.Establishedpartnersarepreferredinwebbusinessbecause（

）.

3.Netpuristsaremostworriedthat

（

）.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutA?

問題1選項

A.Webbusinessisnolongerinfashion

B.Business-to-businesssalesarethetrend.

C.Webbusinessisprosperousintheconsumermarket.

D.Manycompaniesstilllackconfidenceinwebbusiness.

問題2選項

A.theyaremorecreditablethanothers

B.theyspecifytheproductstheywant

C.theyhaveaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet

D.theyarecapableofconductingonlinetransactions

問題3選項

A.onlytherequestedinformationconiestothescreen

B.thenetisfilledwithcommercialpromotion

C.thedifferencebetweentheWedandTVwillfade

D.pushtechnologywilldominatethescreen

問題4選項

A.Itssuccessisattributedtopushstrategies.

B.Itisprosperouswithoutpushstrategies.

C.Itishighlyconcernedaboutthecostofcomputingpower.

D.Itisagoodexampleoftheflourishingonlinebusiness.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第2段開頭的Nonetheless表明該句與首段提到的內(nèi)容有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecause（盡管如此，許多公司仍然對使用網(wǎng)絡猶豫不決，因為……），因此D項“許多公司對網(wǎng)絡商務依然缺少自信”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段becauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.及最后一句“Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.一些公司通過只與已建立業(yè)務的伙伴進行在線交易來限制風險，這些業(yè)務伙伴可以訪問公司的私有內(nèi)部網(wǎng)?！笨芍碳覟榱藴p輕風險，會選擇與建立了合作關(guān)系的固定合作伙伴交易，因為他們更值得信賴?！贝鸢窤

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第3段末句開頭的That'saprospect表明前面提到的內(nèi)容就是使網(wǎng)絡凈化者覺得擔憂的問題，上文說網(wǎng)絡廣告不應像電視那樣不請自來，由此可見，網(wǎng)絡凈化者最擔心的是以后電腦屏幕會被不請自來的廣告占據(jù)，因此D為本題答案。關(guān)鍵不在于“網(wǎng)絡中滿是商業(yè)促銷”，而是“pushtechnology（廣告推送）”。

第4題:推理判斷題。由第四段首句“ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.不靠推銷策略賺錢也是可行的?！苯又e亞馬遜的成功案例，可知答案B

18.單選題

Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistorical