考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-合肥信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themailwas（）fortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldback

B.heldout

C.heldup

D.heldon

【答案】A

【解析】heldback隱瞞,

退縮,

控制,

阻止；heldout提出,

顯示；heldup舉起,

提出,

支持；heldon等一下,

繼續(xù)。句意：由于暴風(fēng)雪的原因,

郵件延誤了兩天。只有選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Effortstoeducatepeopleabouttherisksofsubstanceabuseseemtodetersomepeoplefromusingdangeroussubstances,ifsucheffortsarerealisticaboutwhatisgenuinelydangerousandwhatisnot.ObserveddeclinesintheuseofsuchdrugsasLSD,PCP,andQuaaludessincetheearly1970sareprobablyrelatedtoincreasedawarenessoftherisksoftheiruse,andsomeofthisawarenesswastheresultofwarningsaboutthesedrugsin“underground”papersreadbydrugusers.Suchsourcesareinfluential,becausetheydonotgiveasimple“alldrugsareterribleforyou”message.Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.ThisisillustratedbythepopularityamongyoungmarijuanausersofReeferMadness,awidelyunrealisticpropagandafilmagainstmarijuanamadeinthe1930s.Thisfilmmadetheroundsofcollegecampusesinthe1970sandjoinedrock-musicvideosoncabletelevision’sMTVinthe1980s.Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.

Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.Millionshavestartedsmokingeventhoughtheconsiderablehealthrisksofsmokinghavebeenwellknownandpublicizedforyears.Moreover,theusefulnessofeducationliesinprimaryprevention:preventionofabuseamongthosewhopresentlyhavenoproblem.Hence,Bomier’s(1978,p.150)contentionthat“ifthePepsigenerationcanbepersuadedtodrinkpopwine,theycanbepersuadednottodrinkitwhiledriving”isprobablynotcorrect,sincemostdrunkendrivingisdonebypeoplewhoalreadyhavesignificantdrinkingproblems,andhenceseemnottobedissuadedevenbymuchstrongermeasuressuchaslossofadriver'slicense.

1.Accordingtothepassage,uptonow,anti-drugeducation（）

2.Thefilm‘ReeferMadness’mentionedinthepassage（）

3.Themessage‘a(chǎn)lldrugsareterribleforyou’isnotinfluentialbecause（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasmadeallpeopleseethedangerofdrugs

B.hassucceededindissuadingpeoplefromusingdrugs

C.hasbeeneffectiveonlytoacertaindegree

D.hasprovedtobeatotalfailure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.effectivelydeterredmarijuanause

B.wasrejectedbyyoungmarijuanausers

C.didnotpicturethedangerofmarijuanarealistically

D.waswelcomedbymarijuanausersbecauseittoldthemhowtogethigh

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itignoresthefactthatdrugsvarygreatlyindanger

B.itgivesafalseaccountoftherisksofdruguse

C.somedrugsaregoodforhealth

D.itdoesnotappearinundergroundpapers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Sometimesbalancedandreasonableanti-drugpersuasionisinfluentialtosomepeople.

B.Mostdrugusersareignorantofthedangerofdrugs.

C.Punishmentssuchaslossofadriver’slicensedonotseemtobeaneffectivewaytostopdrunkendriving.

D.Primarypreventionisausefulprincipletobefollowedinanti-drugeducation.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AreAllDrugsTerribleforYou?

B.DoPeopleBelieveWhatUndergroundPapersSay?

C.IsThereanIncreasedAwarenessoftheRisksofDrugs?

D.CanPersuasionReduceDrugAbuse?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Althoughpersuasioncanworkforsomepeopleifitisbalancedandreasonable,otherpeopleseemimmunetothemostreasonededucationalefforts.”雖然平衡和合理的說(shuō)服對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)是有效的，但另一些人似乎不受這些最合乎邏輯的教育工作的影響。也就是說(shuō)反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Insteadofdeterringmarijuanause,itbecameacultfilmamongusers,manyofwhomgothightowatchit.”這部電影非但沒(méi)有阻止人們吸食大麻，反而成為了用戶中的一部邪典電影，很多人為了看這部電影而興奮不已。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,andanti-drugeducationthatignoresordeniesthisislikelytoberidiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在著巨大的危險(xiǎn)，忽視或否認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)的禁毒教育是很可笑的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文“Drugusersknowtherearebigvariationsindangeramongdrugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在著巨大的危險(xiǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。第一段講了禁毒教育并沒(méi)有起到很好的效果，第二段講了勸說(shuō)只是對(duì)部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是講勸說(shuō)能減少毒品濫用嗎？選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

Shewasagreathelptoherfamilywhenherfathersufferedamental（）andhadtobehospitalized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.disaster

C.damage

D.collapse

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:destruction“破壞，毀滅”；B:disaster“災(zāi)難；不幸”；C:damage“損害”；D:collapse“崩潰；衰弱”。句意：當(dāng)她的父親精神上受到傷害，不得不住院時(shí)，她對(duì)家人幫助很大。根據(jù)句意，精神傷害應(yīng)為mentaldamage，故C為正確答案。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AlanChangwasahandsomeyoungmanwithgoodmanners.

Onemorninghewaswalkingalongastreetonhiswaytoanappointment.Hedidnotwanttobeearlyorlate.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi.

“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,verypolitely,“butcouldyoutellmethetime?”

Theman,whowasverywell-dressedandlookedquiterich,saidnothing.HedidnotevenlookatAlan.

Alanspoketohimagain.“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,“butcouldyoupleasetellmewhattimeis?”

Thistimethemanlookedathim,buthedidnotspeakandlookedquicklyaway.

Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude.

“Whywon’tyoutellmethetime,sir?”hedemanded.

Themanturnedtowardshimandsaid,“Trytounderstandme,Iamstandingherewaitingforataxi.Youcomeuptomeandaskmeforthetime.IfItellittoyou,youwillthankme.Iwillsay,‘That’sallright.’Youmaythensay,‘It’sabeautifulday,’towhichImayreply‘Yes,Ilikethesesunnywinterdays.’Beforeweknowwhatishappeningwehaveafriendlyconversation.Youareapleasant,politeyoungmanandsowhenmytaxicomes,Iofferyouaride.Youaccept.Wetalk.Ilikeyou.Youlikeme.Iinviteyoutomyhome.Youmeetmydaughter.Sheisaveryprettygirl.Youareagood-lookingman.Youlikeeachother.Soonyoufallinlove.Youwanttomarry.Nowdoyouunderstandmyproblem?”

Alanshookhishead.

“Nosir,I’msorry,Idon’t.Everythingyouhavesaidseemsverynaturaltome.”

“Exactly,”themansaid,“andIdonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch.Goodmorningtoyou,”andwiththesewordshehurriedaway.

1.WhydidAlanaskthemanwhattimeitwas?

2.WhatdidAlanthinkthemanwaswhenhewouldnottellhimthetime?

3.Whydidn’tthemantellAlanthetime?

4.WhatkindofamandidthemanconsiderAlanChang?

5.Whatisthestoryreallyabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewaslate.

B.Hewasearly.

C.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatch.

D.Hewantedtomeettheman’sdaughter.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.deaf

C.stupid

D.unabletospeakEnglish

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hedidnotknowit.

B.Hedidnothaveawatch.

C.HethoughtAlanwasathief.

D.HedidnotwanttospeaktoAlan.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.athief

B.apoorman

C.acheat

D.arichman

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tellingthetime

B.beingrudetopeople

C.notspeakingtostrangers

D.onethingleadingtoanother

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi（他忘了戴表，所以走到一個(gè)正在等出租車(chē)的人面前）可知C選項(xiàng)“他忘了戴表”正確。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第七段Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude（艾倫心想：嗯，他不是聾子。他一定只是沒(méi)有禮貌）可知，A選項(xiàng)“粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的”正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第九段至末尾可知，“那個(gè)男人”不想讓女兒嫁給Alan，因此不想跟他說(shuō)話，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。A、B、C選項(xiàng)在本文中均未被提及。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段中的Idonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch（我不希望我的女兒嫁給一個(gè)窮得連手表都買(mǎi)不起的人）可知Alan被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)窮人，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章講述了Alan向路人打聽(tīng)時(shí)間，路人卻想象了“Alan會(huì)跟他相談甚歡，然后他邀請(qǐng)Alan搭便車(chē)，之后邀請(qǐng)Alan去他家，Alan見(jiàn)到了他的女兒并與他女兒陷入愛(ài)河”等一系列事情，因此D選項(xiàng)“一件事引發(fā)另一件事”符合題意。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐懼死亡。要是年輕人這樣想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中陣亡的年輕人，想到自己被生活所欺騙，錯(cuò)失了生命中最美好的東西，感到苦澀理所當(dāng)然。但對(duì)于一個(gè)飽嘗了人間悲歡離合，實(shí)現(xiàn)一生抱負(fù)的老人來(lái)說(shuō)，恐懼死亡就有點(diǎn)不光彩了。戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)死亡的恐懼的最好的方法是——至少對(duì)我而言是可行的一一逐步拓寬你的興趣，并使其不受人際感情的影響，直到自我的圍城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到眾生之中。一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)像一條河流，開(kāi)始時(shí)窄而淺，靜靜流淌于兩岸之中，然后，奔騰沖擊于巖石之間，飛流直下于高崖之處。慢慢地，河流越走越寬，河岸逐步退去，水流更顯平緩，直到最后，毫無(wú)跡象地融入大海，平和地失去了個(gè)體的存在。

6.單選題

Samanthasobbeduncontrollablyandhidinthelockerroom,so______wassheabouthavinglostinthefinalsofthestatetennischampionship.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pragmatic

B.dejected

C.jubilant

D.indifferent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pragmatic“務(wù)實(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)dejected“沮喪的”；C選項(xiàng)jubilant“歡呼雀躍的”；D選項(xiàng)indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的”。句意：薩曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常______她輸?shù)袅酥菥W(wǎng)球錦標(biāo)賽的決賽。輸?shù)舯荣愐院笏_曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想見(jiàn)人，B選項(xiàng)dejected“沮喪的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

The"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.（1）."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodand,clothing,and"services"suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.（2）.Someregionoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate,otherregionspossessnoneofthem.

（3）.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.（4）Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.（5）.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsmanufactures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled

B.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse

C.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth

D.Forexample,Britain'swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifithadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome

E.Wealthshouldbeproperlyusedonlytoenhancethe"standardofliving"ofpeopleinallcountries

F.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:F

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何國(guó)家的‘生活水平’是指國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的商品和服務(wù)的平均份額”，空格后關(guān)鍵詞“wealth財(cái)富”可推斷中間內(nèi)容應(yīng)與“生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和財(cái)富”有關(guān)，C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)椋粋€(gè)國(guó)家的生活水平首先取決于其創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力”符合題意，故選C。

2.文章第二段第一句提到“一個(gè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力取決于許多因素，其中大多數(shù)因素相互影響”，空格后提到“世界上有些地區(qū)的煤炭和礦物供應(yīng)充足，土壤肥沃，氣候宜人，其他地區(qū)則沒(méi)有?！蓖茢嘀虚g內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是闡述“財(cái)富與煤、礦產(chǎn)等資源的關(guān)系”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“財(cái)富在很大程度上取決于一個(gè)國(guó)家的自然資源，如煤炭、黃金和其他礦產(chǎn)、供水等”符合題意，故選F。

3.空格后提到“有些國(guó)家自然資源雖然很豐富，但由于多年來(lái)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和一些其他原因一直無(wú)法開(kāi)發(fā)其資源”可推斷此處應(yīng)闡述“自然資源與開(kāi)發(fā)自然資源的能力”，B項(xiàng)“排在自然資源后的是將自然資源轉(zhuǎn)化使用的能力”符合題意，故選B。

4.空格前文提到“另外一個(gè)重要因素是一個(gè)國(guó)家人民技術(shù)效率”可推斷此處應(yīng)闡述與“技術(shù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容”，A項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)培訓(xùn)了許多熟練工人和技術(shù)人員的工業(yè)化國(guó)家比其他工人不熟練的國(guó)家更有能力創(chuàng)造財(cái)富”符合題意，故選A。

5.空格前文提到“一個(gè)國(guó)家的生活水平不僅取決于在本國(guó)境內(nèi)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的財(cái)富，而且還取決于通過(guò)國(guó)際貿(mào)易間接生產(chǎn)的財(cái)富”，空格后提到“貿(mào)易使她剩余的制成品能夠在國(guó)外進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，以換取自身所缺乏的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。”可推斷空格處“應(yīng)該列舉一個(gè)例子”由此導(dǎo)出下文的結(jié)論，D項(xiàng)“例如，如果它只能依靠國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)，英國(guó)在食品和其他農(nóng)產(chǎn)品方面的財(cái)富要少得多”符合題意，故選D。

8.單選題

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.As就像，作為B.What什么

C.That那個(gè)D.It它

【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾后面整個(gè)主句，空格處要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都不能引導(dǎo)非限制定定語(yǔ)從句。

【句意】人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。

9.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（

）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)市長(zhǎng)是一位非常正直的女士，因此值得我們?cè)谡紊虾徒?jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。

形近詞辨析。Intention意圖，目的;instinct本能，直覺(jué);integrity正直,誠(chéng)實(shí);intensity強(qiáng)烈，激情。根據(jù)句意判斷C正確。

10.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

11.單選題

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,lienotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward（）.

2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRoberEisenberger?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve（）.

5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1，Para5)probablyrefersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragement

B.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'screativity

C.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences

D.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem

B.Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem

C.Theyapproveofthem

D.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore

B.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness

C.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.

D.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents

B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandards

D.discouragingthestudent’santicipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.waystodevelopeconomy

B.systemsofrewardingstudents

C.approachestosolvingproblems

D.methodsofimprovingperformance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一句話“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,aflectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理學(xué)家對(duì)于外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)（不論是精神鼓勵(lì)還是物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）如何影響動(dòng)機(jī)和創(chuàng)造力持對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)。因此，心理學(xué)家因“外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)對(duì)學(xué)生行為的影響持不同態(tài)度”而分成兩派。本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段介紹了Behaviorists和Cognitiveresearchers的兩種不同觀點(diǎn)。而由文章第二段第一句話Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.可知，后者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是Cognitiveresearchers獲得了很多的支持，尤其是在教育工作者中。他們認(rèn)為獎(jiǎng)賞會(huì)摧毀創(chuàng)造力。因此，大多數(shù)教育工作者對(duì)給予學(xué)生的外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)持否定態(tài)度。正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。在文章第三段中，theUniversityofDelaware的RobertEisenberger表述了自己對(duì)于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制的觀點(diǎn)。他認(rèn)為如果孩子們知道是為得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而學(xué)習(xí)，并能專注完成相對(duì)有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出最大的創(chuàng)造性。但如果對(duì)表現(xiàn)不好的孩子也給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，或者讓他們對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有過(guò)分的期待，那么就很容易扼殺他們的創(chuàng)造力。因此，只有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)該得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的孩子，才能發(fā)揮其創(chuàng)造性，正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：大學(xué)正試圖嚴(yán)格評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為什么？由文章第四段Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.可知，重點(diǎn)大學(xué)加強(qiáng)分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是因?yàn)椤皌helatterpoint”，也就是第三段中提及的it’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards這一觀點(diǎn)，因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查詞匯題。分析tokeneconomies后的定語(yǔ)從句inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity.可知，在這種機(jī)制下，學(xué)生能解決富有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)并且獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，這將有望提高學(xué)生的努力度和創(chuàng)造性。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)學(xué)生的機(jī)制”。

12.單選題

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥訛橘e語(yǔ)從句，從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為：疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：John問(wèn)Mary買(mǎi)的電子詞典多少錢(qián)。

13.單選題

Hearsayevidenceconsistsofstatementsmadeoutofcourtbysomeonewhoisnotpresenttotestifyunderoathatatrial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mistrust

B.dispute

C.scrutiny

D.pledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。oath表示“誓言，誓約，詛咒”；A項(xiàng)mistrust“不信任，懷疑”，B項(xiàng)dispute“辯論，爭(zhēng)吵，意見(jiàn)不同”，C項(xiàng)scrutiny“詳細(xì)審查，監(jiān)視，細(xì)看”，D項(xiàng)pledge“保證，誓言，抵押”。句意：非直接證據(jù)指的是某人在法庭上宣誓作證時(shí)所作的證詞。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.Whataspectsof