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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-呂梁職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Youareaccident________becauseyou’reabitcarelessinwhatyoudo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proof

B.oriented

C.inclined

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proof能抵御的,可防護(hù)的B.oriented以……為方向的,重視……的

C.inclined有傾向的,有可能的D.prone有做……傾向的,易于遭受……的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“accident(事故)”共同構(gòu)成形容詞作表語,because引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因狀語從句,表示“你做事有點(diǎn)粗心大意(careless)”,所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是容易出事故。prone指容易遭受某事,有做某事的傾向,因此D選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的;易于遭受……的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proof“能抵御的,可防護(hù)的”指能抵抗某物的破壞性或有害影響的,與題干語義相矛盾,應(yīng)該是“容易出事故”而不是“能抵御事故”;

B選項(xiàng)oriented“以……為方向的,重視……的”指關(guān)心、面向某個(gè)特定的事物,不符合題干的語義邏輯;

C選項(xiàng)inclined“有傾向的,有可能的”指主觀意愿上傾向于做某事,想要做某事,不能和“accident(事故)”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】你很容易出事故,因?yàn)槟阕鍪掠悬c(diǎn)粗心大意。

2.寫作題

Whatdoes“success”meaninacareer?Thisseeminglysimplequestioniscomplexindeed.Inmanycultures,successisoftendefinedintermsofmoney,statusandpower.There’snothingwrongwiththat.Infact,it’sadefinitionthatworksforlotsofpeople.Theproblemis,successviewedinthiswaydoesn’tworkforeveryone.Explainyourindividualviewofcareersuccessintheessaywithadequateexamplesinnofewerthan300words.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonsuccessinacareer.Someholdthatmakingagreatdealofmoneymeanssuccess.Othersarguethatholdinganimportantpostinthegovernmentmeanssuccess.Inmyopinion,successmeansbrilliantachievementinourwork.Inotherwords,nomatterwhatwedo,makingoutstandingcontributionstothedevelopmentofourcountryandbringinghelpandhappinesstoothersissuccess.

Toachievesuccess,weshould,firstofall,haveaclearlong-termgoalinourlife.Besides,weshouldhaveshorttermgoalsindifferentperiodsoflife.Asweknow,itistheseshorttermgoalsthatmakeourlong-termgoalpossible.Second,weshouldbebothperseverantandhardworking.Whateverwedo,therearealwaystwopossibilities:successandfailure.Weshouldneverloseheartwhenwecomeacrossdifficultiesorwhenweareconfrontedwithfailure.Instead,weshouldlearnfromourexperience,buildupourconfidenceandworkevenharderandsmartertowardsourpurpose.Finally,weshouldtrytogetalongwellwithourclassmatesandcolleagues.Weshouldcareforeachotherandhelpeachotherinourstudy,ourworkandourlife,becauseteamworkisofgreatimportanceintherealizationofourdream.

Ifwecanfollowtheseprinciples,wewillcertainlyachieveremarkablesuccessinourlife.

3.單選題

Althoughtheinsistenceonbalancingspendingagainsttaxrevenueshascontributedtotheeconomy’sstagnation,unfortunately,thegovernmentdoesnotseemlikelyto_______thisrigidpolicy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistin

B.initiate

C.repudiate

D.continue

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persistin“堅(jiān)持,固執(zhí)于”;B選項(xiàng)initiate“創(chuàng)始;發(fā)起”;C選項(xiàng)repudiate“拒絕;(正式)否認(rèn);斷絕關(guān)系”;D選項(xiàng)continue“繼續(xù);連續(xù)”。句意:盡管堅(jiān)持收支平衡導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯,不幸的是,政府似乎不太可能_______這個(gè)僵化的政策。根據(jù)語境,這里指堅(jiān)持收支平衡這個(gè)僵化的政策讓經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯,但政府大有可能繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)政策,所以repudiate“(正式)否認(rèn)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.寫作題

Directions:Humanidentity,theideathatdefineseachandeveryoneofus,couldbefacinganunprecedentedcrisis.Itisacrisisthatwouldthreatenlong-heldnotionsofwhoweare,whatwedoandhowwebehave.Accordingtoneuroscientists,thiscrisiscouldreshapethewaywethink,welearnandweinteractwitheachother,alterwhatmakesushappy,andmodifyourcapacityforreachingourfullpotentialasindividuals.Itiscausedbyonesimplefact:Weareexcessivelyreliantontheuseoftheinformationtechnology.Likewise,thewaywetraditionallylearnandteachinclassroomsisunderthreatfromthemoderntechnologyandfailstoattractthepost-1990s,whohavebeennegativelystereotypedasaselfishgrouporlabeledasIphonefansorWechat-(orQQ-)addictedkids.

WhatdoyouthinkofthepossiblechangesthatcouldbemadeintheChinesetertiaryeducationtobeadaptedtothelearningneedsofthepost-1990sintheneweraofinformationtechnology?Writeacompositionofabout250wordsexpressingyourownopinions.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeorexperiencetogeneratesupportforyourargument.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Note:Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlythethesisstatement(i.e.,yourmainargument),andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】略

5.單選題

Foodsubsidiesarenecessaryforkeepingdownthepriceofdairyproductsandbread.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.controls

B.aids

C.accumulations

D.transformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)controls“控制;控制裝置”;B選項(xiàng)aids“艾滋病”;C選項(xiàng)accumulations“積聚,累積;堆積物”;D選項(xiàng)transformations“轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意:食品補(bǔ)貼對于壓低乳制品和面包的價(jià)格是必要的。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語keepingdowntheprice(壓低價(jià)格),得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicasset,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.possibility

C.productivity

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任,職責(zé);義務(wù)”;B選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性;可能發(fā)生的事物”;C選項(xiàng)productivity“生產(chǎn)力;生產(chǎn)率;生產(chǎn)能力”;D選項(xiàng)necessity“需要;必然性;必需品”。句意:孩子不再是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn),而更多地是一種責(zé)任,這一觀點(diǎn)引起了公眾更多的關(guān)注。本句關(guān)鍵詞liability在句中表示“責(zé)任”,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A選項(xiàng)最合適,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

一些澳大利亞土著(indigenousAustralian)抗議者周五連續(xù)第二日成為頭條新聞,他們聚集在澳大利亞議會(huì)外,并放火焚燒了國旗。此舉的前一天,憤怒的抗議者包圍了舉行午餐儀式的建筑,保安人員從一家堪培拉餐廳拖出了朱莉婭吉拉德(JuliaGillard)總理。原住民領(lǐng)袖批評這些人的行動(dòng),說他們危害了讓澳大利亞土著與更廣泛的社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)的努力。澳大利亞廣播公司網(wǎng)站上的視頻顯示,在堪培拉議會(huì)外的抗議者圍成一圈,點(diǎn)燃了澳大利亞國旗,并高呼,“這里始終是也將永遠(yuǎn)是原住民的土地?!?/p>

【答案】AgroupofindigenousAustralianprotestersmadeheadlinesforaseconddayonFriday,gatheringoutsidetheCountry’sparliamentandsettingthenationalflagonfire.ThemovecameadayafterPrimeMinisterJuliaGillardwasdraggedoutofaCanberrarestaurantbysecurityguardsafterangryprotesterssurroundedthebuildingwherethelunchwasbeingheld.Indigenousleadershavecriticizedtheiractions,sayingtheyundermineeffortstobringIndigenousAustraliansintoharmonywiththewidercommunity.VideoontheAustralianBroadcastingCorporationwebsiteshowedprotestersformingacircleoutsideparliamentinCanberra,settingfiretotheAustralianflagandchanting,“ThishasalwaysbeenandalwayswillbethelandoftheAborigines.”

8.單選題

Theseconddefinition,thoughaccurate,isequallyas()anduselessasthefirstone,fromapracticalpointofview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.penitent

B.constituted

C.repellent

D.pedantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)penitent“后悔的,愧疚的”;B選項(xiàng)constituted“組成;建立”;C選項(xiàng)repellent“令人厭惡的;防……的”;D選項(xiàng)pedantic“迂腐的,學(xué)究氣的”。句意:第二個(gè)定義雖然準(zhǔn)確,但從實(shí)用性看,也和第一個(gè)定義一樣(),毫不實(shí)用。definition不至于repellent“令人厭惡的”,但是有可能pedantic“學(xué)究氣的”,這里可以翻譯成紙上談兵的,符合生活實(shí)際。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theprodigalson(

)hislargeinheritanceinafewyearsofheavyspending.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inherited

B.received

C.accumulated

D.dissipated

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:揮霍的兒子將他繼承的一大筆錢在幾年之內(nèi)就揮霍完了。

inherited繼承;經(jīng)遺傳而得。received接受;迎接。accumulated累積。dissipated消散;浪費(fèi)。

10.單選題

Thatisindeedaharshstandard,andnottheoneIwanttogovernmylifeorthoseofotherpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefit

B.affect

C.damage

D.direct

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。govern在句中是“管理,統(tǒng)治”,A選項(xiàng)benefit“有利于”;B選項(xiàng)affect“影響”;C選項(xiàng)damage“毀滅,損害”;D選項(xiàng)direct“指導(dǎo),管理”。句意:那的確是一個(gè)嚴(yán)厲的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而不是我想要的可以用來指導(dǎo)我的生活或其他的人的生活的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)句意D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan___EasternNebraska.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.does

C.itreceivesin

D.itdoesin

【答案】B

【解析】考查習(xí)慣表達(dá)。空格處缺失的內(nèi)容實(shí)際上指receiveslesssnow這件事,在英語中為了避免重復(fù)表達(dá),會(huì)用助動(dòng)詞do/does/did表示前后一樣的動(dòng)作,根據(jù)主干謂語receives為第三人稱單數(shù)可知應(yīng)該使用does。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Hardtrainingwill______yourichlywhenitcomestotheactualcompetition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.bring

C.serve

D.make

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pay“支付,補(bǔ)償,償還”,B項(xiàng)bring“帶來,提供,引起”,C項(xiàng)serve“招待,供應(yīng),為……服務(wù)”,D項(xiàng)make“使得,進(jìn)行,布置,準(zhǔn)備”。由Hardtrainingwill______yourichly“艱苦的訓(xùn)練將豐厚地……你”可知,“補(bǔ)償”符合語境。句意:在真正的比賽中,艱苦的訓(xùn)練會(huì)給你帶來豐厚的回報(bào)。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

13.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Cellphoneusehasexplodedinmanycountries,easingcommunicationbetweenindividualsbutcausingsocialuneasinessaswell.IntheindustrializedWest,cellphoneusehasleapfroggedoverconventionalphonenetworksthatreliedoncumbersometelephonelinesandexpensiveundergroundwiring.InAsiancountries,especiallypooreroneslikeCambodia,suchhighinfrastructurecostsarebeingavoidedbysimplymovingtowirelesscommunication.

However,eveninthemostmoderncountries,cellphoneusehasprovedsomewhatofanovelty,onethathasrequiredaredefinitionofsocialconventions.Theabilitytoalwaysbeconnectedwithanotherperson,nomatterwhereonetravels,’hasledtoafrictionofpersonalspaceanddifferentperceptionsonthevalueofcommunication.Today,cellphoneuserscantalktofriends,workersandfamilymemberswhilecatchingabus,walkingalongthestreetorclimbingaflightofstairs.

Butwhatofthepeoplearoundcellphoneusers?Oftenaloudcellcallinamovietheaterorarecitalhallwillbringsighsofannoyancebytheaudienceasimpatiencewithbeepingandringingincreases.Butshouldgovernmentstepintoregulatetheuseofcellphonesandrestricttheiruse?Somearguethatmarketforcesarebestsuitedtosolvingconsumerdissatisfaction.Proponentsofthisperspectivecitenewrulesinmovietheatersandconcerthallsthatrequirepatronstoturnofftheircellphonesbeforetheperformancebegins.

Others,however,seearoleforgovernmentinharnessingthisnewtechnology.Insomestates,itisnowillegaltodriveandtalkonamobilephone.Asaresponsetotheselawsandbecauseofthecomplicationsofperformingmorethanonetaskwhilespeakingonacellphone,.companieshavedevelopedheadsetssothatuserscantalk“handsfree”.Nevertheless,thissolutionhasperhapsaggravatedsocialfrictionbymakingcellphoneuseevenmoreconvenient.Manyusersarenowseentalkingtothemselves—asignnotofmentalinstability—butoftherapidexpansionofmoderntechnology.

Regardlessofprivateorpublicrestrictionsontheuseofcellphones,societystillhasalongwaytogobeforeitcantrulyacceptandadapttotheburdensofcellphoneuseonthirdparties.Onlywhendistinctsocialnormsarecreatedtodealwithcommoncellphoneusewillthetechnologybecomemoreacceptedandviewedlessasanirritant.

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.

2.Theword“l(fā)eapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneunforeseenconsequenceofhandfreeusehasbeen______.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmustbeachievedbeforecellphoneusecanbetrulyaccepted?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needsmorephones

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusers

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystems

D.usesmail

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdate

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelines

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrate

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuse

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Aneutralstance.

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.

D.Ambiguousness.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.anincreaseincellphonecosts

B.anincreasedincidentofunusualbehavior

C.anincreaseintrafficaccidents

D.adecreaseinbraincancerfromcellphoneuse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentmustpasslawstipulatingtheconditionsofcellphoneuse.

B.Socialnormsonnormalcellphoneuseneedtobeadopted.

C.Lawsoncellphoneusemustbeharmonizedwithsocialnorms.

D.Cellphoneuseshouldcontinuewithoutrestrictions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.TheexampleofCambodiainthefirstparagraphisusedtorepresentacountythat______.1.第一段中柬埔寨的例子是用來代表______的一個(gè)國家。

A.needsmorephonesA.需要更多的手機(jī)

B.hasahighpercentageofcellphoneusersB.手機(jī)用戶比例高

C.usescellphonestoavoidhighinfrastructurecostsoftraditionalphonesystemsC.使用手機(jī)來避免傳統(tǒng)電話系統(tǒng)的高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本

D.usesmailD.使用郵件

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句“在亞洲國家,特別是像柬埔寨這樣較為貧窮的國家,只要改用無線通訊,就可以避免如此高昂的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本”,無線通訊是上文所指的手機(jī)的使用,綜合理解可以推斷,該段用柬埔寨舉例是用來代表性地說明使用手機(jī)能避免高昂的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本,該題選擇C項(xiàng)“使用手機(jī)來避免傳統(tǒng)電話系統(tǒng)的高基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“需要更多的手機(jī)”,柬埔寨需要改用無線通訊,而不是需要更多無線通訊,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

B項(xiàng)“手機(jī)用戶比例高”,柬埔寨還在使用傳統(tǒng)的電話網(wǎng)絡(luò),該項(xiàng)與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

D項(xiàng)“使用郵件”,文章沒有提到郵件,該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“l(fā)eapfrogged”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthat______.2.第一段中的單詞“l(fā)eapfrogged”很可能意味著______。

A.cellphonetechnologyisrapidlybecomingoutofdateA.手機(jī)技術(shù)正在迅速過時(shí)

B.cellphoneuserscommunicatebyjumpingovernormalphonelinesB.手機(jī)用戶可以跳過普通電話線進(jìn)行交流

C.cellphoneuseisexpandingatarapidrateC.手機(jī)的使用正在迅速擴(kuò)大

D.cellphoneusehasreplacedandsurpassedtraditionalphoneuseD.手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)取代并超越了傳統(tǒng)電話的使用

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第二句“在西方工業(yè)化國家,手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)超越了(leapfrogged)傳統(tǒng)的電話網(wǎng)絡(luò),后者依賴于笨重的電話線和昂貴的地下線路”,從這句話我們可知,手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)超過了傳統(tǒng)電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用;結(jié)合第一句“在許多國家,手機(jī)的使用呈爆炸式增長……”,也就是說許多國家已經(jīng)開始使用手機(jī)了,綜合理解可推知,leapfrogged指的是手機(jī)的使用取代并超越了傳統(tǒng)電話,D項(xiàng)“手機(jī)的使用已經(jīng)取代并超越了傳統(tǒng)電話的使用”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“手機(jī)技術(shù)正在迅速過時(shí)”,是傳統(tǒng)電話正在過時(shí),而不是手機(jī),該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

B項(xiàng)“手機(jī)用戶可以跳過普通電話線進(jìn)行交流”,原文沒有這種表述,該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C項(xiàng)“手機(jī)的使用正在迅速擴(kuò)大”表述不全,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.InParagraph3,whatistheauthor’spositioninregardtocellphoneuserestriction?3.在第三段中,作者對于手機(jī)使用限制的立場是什么?

A.Aneutralstance.A.一個(gè)中立的立場。

B.Firmsupportforrestriction.B.堅(jiān)決支持限制。

C.Oppositiontoanyrestriction.C.反對任何限制。

D.Ambiguousness.D.含混不清。

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】首先定位至第三段,作者在該段開頭拋出了一個(gè)問題,即“但是手機(jī)用戶周圍的人呢?”,然后就舉例了手機(jī)給周圍的人所帶來的困擾,接著又提到了限制手機(jī)使用的支持者的觀點(diǎn),但是作者并未在該段表露出對于限制使用手機(jī)的明顯態(tài)度,只是客觀陳述,所以從該段可以看出,作者對于手機(jī)使用的限制是中立的立場,該題選擇A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)中立的立場”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)決支持限制”、C項(xiàng)“反對任何限制”和D項(xiàng)“含混不清”根據(jù)解題思路,這三項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,oneunforeseenconsequenceofhandfreeusehasbeen______.4.根據(jù)這篇文章,不用手的一個(gè)意想不到的后果是______。

A.anincreaseincellphonecostsA.手機(jī)費(fèi)用的增加

B.anincreasedincidentofunusualbehaviorB.不尋常行為的增加

C.anincreaseintrafficaccidentsC.交通事故的增加

D.adecreaseinbraincancerfromcellphoneuseD.使用手機(jī)導(dǎo)致腦癌發(fā)病率下降

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“作為對這些法律的回應(yīng),以及由于使用手機(jī)通話時(shí)執(zhí)行多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的復(fù)雜性,一些公司開發(fā)了耳機(jī),以便用戶通話時(shí)不用手。然而,這種解決方案可能會(huì)使手機(jī)使用更加方便,從而加劇社會(huì)摩擦?!笨芍安挥檬帧钡暮蠊羌觿∩鐣?huì)摩擦,而從該段第二句“在一些州,開車時(shí)打電話是違法的”可知,開車打電話容易引發(fā)交通事故,因?yàn)榻与娫捫枰粘鲆恢皇郑鷻C(jī)則是方便人們不用手就能在開車時(shí)打電話,綜合理解可推斷,這種社會(huì)摩擦的加劇是指交通事故的增加,C項(xiàng)“交通事故的增加”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“不尋常行為的增加”根據(jù)第四段最后一句“現(xiàn)在可以看到許多用戶在自言自語——這不是精神不穩(wěn)定的表現(xiàn)——而是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展”可知,“不用手”打電話并不是一種精神失常的表現(xiàn),該項(xiàng)表述與原文相反,屬于反向干擾;

A項(xiàng)“手機(jī)費(fèi)用的增加”和D項(xiàng)“使用手機(jī)導(dǎo)致腦癌發(fā)病率下降”沒有提到,這兩項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmustbeachievedbeforecellphoneusecanbetrulyaccepted?5.根據(jù)作者,以下哪一項(xiàng)必須達(dá)到才能真正接受手機(jī)的使用?

A.Governmentmustpasslawstipulatingtheconditionsofcellphoneuse.A.政府必須通過法律規(guī)定使用手機(jī)的條件。

B.Socialnormsonnormalcellphoneuseneedtobeadopted.B.正常使用手機(jī)的社會(huì)規(guī)范需要被采納。

C.Lawsoncellphoneusemustbeharmonizedwithsocialnorms.C.關(guān)于手機(jī)使用的法律必須與社會(huì)規(guī)范相協(xié)調(diào)。

D.Cellphoneuseshouldcontinuewithoutrestrictions.D.應(yīng)該不受限制地繼續(xù)使用手機(jī)。

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一句話“無論私人或公共部門對手機(jī)的使用有何限制,要真正接受和適應(yīng)第三方使用手機(jī)的負(fù)擔(dān),社會(huì)仍有很長的路要走。只有當(dāng)建立了不同的社會(huì)規(guī)范來處理普通的手機(jī)使用時(shí),這項(xiàng)技術(shù)才會(huì)變得更被接受,并被視為不那么刺激。”從中可知如果要真正接受手機(jī)的使用,就要建立不同的社會(huì)規(guī)范來處理手機(jī)的使用,B項(xiàng)“正常使用手機(jī)的社會(huì)規(guī)范需要被采納”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“政府必須通過法律規(guī)定使用手機(jī)的條件”作者沒有提到,該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于手機(jī)使用的法律必須與社會(huì)規(guī)范相協(xié)調(diào)”該項(xiàng)表述絕對,屬于過度推斷;

D項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該不受限制地繼續(xù)使用手機(jī)”與最后一段內(nèi)容相反,該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

14.單選題

MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysicalexpansion,itsortedoutpeopleandlanduses,anditacceleratedtheinherentinstabilityofurbanlife.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepre-modernera.In1850,forexample,bordersofBostonlayscarcelytwomilesfromtheoldbusinessdistrict;bytheturnofthecenturytheradiusextendedtenmiles.Nowthosewhocouldafforditcouldlivefarremovedfromtheoldcitycenterandstillcommutethereforwork,shopping,andentertainment.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Overthesameperiod,another550,000wereplottedoutsidethecitylimitsbutwithinthemetropolitanarea.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears—lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.

Ofcourse,manywereneveroccupied;therewasalwaysahugesurplusofsubdivided,butvacant,landaroundChicagoandothercities.Theseexcessesunderscoreafeatureofresidentialexpansionrelatedtothegrowthofmasstransportation:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers.Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoroutsidecityborderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit.Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.WhydoestheauthormentionbothBostonandChicago?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasonedisadvantageofresidentialexpansion?

4.TheauthormentionsChicagointhesecondparagraphasanexampleofacity,().

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"anticipate"meaninthesecondparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Typesofmasstransportation

B.Instabilityofurbanlife

C.Howsupplyanddemanddeterminelanduse

D.Theeffectofmasstransportationonurbanexpansion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Todemonstratepositiveandnegativeeffectsofgrowth

B.Toexemplifycitieswithandwithoutmasstransportation

C.Toshowmasstransportationchangedmanycities

D.Tocontrasttheirrateofgrowth

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasexpensive

B.Ithappenedtooslowly

C.Itwasunplanned

D.Itcreatedademandforpublictransportation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatislarge

B.thatisusedasamodelforlanddevelopment

C.wherethedevelopmentoflandexceededpopulationgrowth

D.withanexcellentmasstransportationsystem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Totakepartin

B.Toexpect

C.Tobeagainst

D.Topayfor

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章首句即文章主題句:MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways(公共交通從三個(gè)方面改變了美國城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu))。后面則是就此三方面進(jìn)行論述。因此D項(xiàng)“公共交通對城市擴(kuò)張的影響”比較符合文章大意。

第2題:判斷推理題。作者舉例“波士頓及芝加哥城市受公共交通影響發(fā)生的擴(kuò)張”是為了論證前面的主題句:公共交通從三個(gè)方面改變了美國城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知作者是為了論證“公共交通改變了城市”。故選C項(xiàng)。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:urbansprawlwasessentiallyunplanned.Itwascarriedoutbythousandsofsmallinvestorswhopaidlittleheedtocoordinatedlanduseortofuturelandusers(城市擴(kuò)張基本上是沒有規(guī)劃的。它是由成千上萬的小投資者執(zhí)行的,他們很少注意到土地的協(xié)調(diào)使用或未來的土地使用者)。因此,C項(xiàng)“(住宅擴(kuò)張)沒有規(guī)劃”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段最后指出:Chicagoisaprimeexampleofthisprocess.Realestatesubdivisionthereproceededmuchfasterthanpopulationgrowth(芝加哥就是這一過程的一個(gè)典型例子。那里房地產(chǎn)區(qū)域的發(fā)展比人口的增長更快)。由此可知,芝加哥“土地開發(fā)超過人口增長”。故選C。

第5題:詞義題。"anticipate"所在句為:Thosewhopurchasedandpreparedlandforresidentialpurposes,particularlylandnearoroutsidecityborderswheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated,didsotocreatedemandasmuchastorespondtoit(那些購買和準(zhǔn)備住宅用地的人,特別是城市邊界附近或城外的土地,因?yàn)槟抢镉泄痪€路和中產(chǎn)階級居民,這樣做既是為了滿足需求,也是為了創(chuàng)造需求)。wheretransitlinesandmiddle-classinhabitantswereanticipated是定語從句修飾landnearoroutsidecityborders(靠近城市邊緣或城市之外的區(qū)域)。而這些區(qū)域曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是具有公交線路和中層階級居住的地方,由此推斷,與anticipated意思相近的是B項(xiàng)“期望”。

15.單選題

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sowell

B.toowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:這個(gè)解決方案只對那些自由工作者,沒有小孩且在一起的時(shí)候大部分時(shí)間都相處得()的夫妻來說有用。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)這里詞意要填“很好”,所以不能選B選項(xiàng),因?yàn)閠oo…to是“太……而不能”;C,D選項(xiàng)則會(huì)把因果倒置“因?yàn)橄嗵幍煤盟源蟛糠謺r(shí)間待在一起”。so…to“太……而”這個(gè)搭配與too…to的意思相對,答案選A。

16.單選題

Aseriesofattempts()made,hecametorealizethathehadunderestimatedtheenormityofthetask.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were

B.tobe

C.hadbeen

D.havingbeen

【答案】D

【解析】語法知識題。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法,A和C選項(xiàng)均為謂語動(dòng)詞,可以排除,一系列的嘗試在意識到問題之前就做過了,應(yīng)該用完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一系列的嘗試之后,他意識到他低估了這個(gè)任務(wù)的繁重性。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s,andthattalentisinevenshortersupply.Computerscienceenrollmentsareatanall-timelow;baby-boomerworkersareretiringandtakingallofthatlegacy—systemsknowledgewiththem;andSiliconValleyishotagain.Wouldthatyoung,brilliantdeveloperratherjointhenextZyngaorupgradethepayrollsystemsatyourinsurancecompany?

Twoweeksago,IaskedtheITexecutivereadershipofmyweeklynewsletter,TheHellerReport,toanswerthequestion:Ifyouhadamagicwand,whichonetalentproblemwouldyousolve?Responsespouredinandaddressedchallengesaroundrecruiting,developingleaders,andretainingthetalentthattheycurrentlyhave.Butmorethan70percentofreaderswouldusetheirmagicwandtodoonlyonething:givebusinessskillstotheirtechnologists.Theirpeople,theyworry,aresonarrowlyfocusedonthetechnologythattheyfailtoseetheforestforthetrees.Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.

Thislackofbusiness-savvytechnologytalentisaseriousproblemforeverycompanythatreliesontechnologytoexist(whichis,ofcourse,everycompany).Thosebeautifully“blendedexecutives,”whocantalktechnologyinonemeetingandcantalkbusinessinanother,arerarebirds.Yetwithtechnologymovingdirectlyintotherevenuestreamofyourcompany,youneedthem,andyourneedisonlygoingtoincrease.

Oneoptionistospendallofyourtimeandmoneyonrecruitingblendedexecutivesfromtheoutside.Youwillbeinheatedcompetitionwitheveryothercompanyinyourmarket,andifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas:

Buildarotationalprogram.EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.Thiskindofprogramisnoteasy,withyourCIOhavingtosurvivewithoutatrustedITleaderforaperiodoftime,butthelong-termresultofagoodrotationalprogramcanbetremendous.Itmaywellbeworththeinvestment.

Involveyourbusinessleaders.Ifarotationalprogramistoomuchtotakeonrightnow,buildaleadershipdevelopmentprogramforITthatinvolvesyourbusinessexecutives.EncourageyourCIOtoinvitetheheadsofyourmajorbusinessunitstomeetregularlywiththeseniorITteamtoeducatethemontheirbusinessarea.Andbesurethatyou,CFO,arespendingenoughtimewithIT.Usethatinteractiontochipawayatthelong-standingwallthatoftenexistsbetweenthebusinessandIT.

1.CompaniesareingreaterneedoftechnologytalentNOTbecauseof().

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat().

3.Thephrase“recruitingfunction”underlinedinParagraph4refersto().

4.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveenoughtimeandmoneytohireexecutivesitneeds,itshould().

5.ArotationalprogramDOESN’Tinvolve().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theaccumulationofmoredata

B.theneedtoserveconsumers

C.therisingdemandforcloudcomputation

D.thedevelopmentofmedicalindustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.profounddiscussionisrequired

B.ITemployeesshouldbebusiness-savvy

C.technologysupportisexpected

D.therearechallengesinrecruitingdevelopers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.recruitmentofaparticularfirm

B.thefunctionalityofrecruitment

C.competitiverecruitmentstrategy

D.employmentofITworkersforacertainemployer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.achievelong-termresults

B.deviseatrainingprogram

C.participateinheatedcompetition

D.callonallbusinessleaders

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.blendedITexecutives

B.CIO

C.CEO

D.allbusinessleaders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:公司特別需要技術(shù)人才不是因?yàn)開______。通過題干定位到文章第一段的第一句話Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s.(隨著云計(jì)算、移動(dòng)性、大數(shù)據(jù)和消費(fèi)化,企業(yè)比上世紀(jì)90年代末更需要技術(shù)人才。),A選項(xiàng)“更多數(shù)據(jù)的累積”,對應(yīng)“大數(shù)據(jù)”,B選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)消費(fèi)者的需要”,對應(yīng)“消費(fèi)化”,C選項(xiàng)“云計(jì)算需求的增加”,對應(yīng)“云計(jì)算”,只有D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展”,在文中并沒有提及,所以本題應(yīng)該選D選項(xiàng)。

2.主旨大意題。題干:第二段的中心思想是________。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容“如果你有根魔杖,你會(huì)解決哪一個(gè)人才問題?70%的讀者的選擇是把商業(yè)技能傳授給他們的技術(shù)人員”,所以B選項(xiàng)“IT員工應(yīng)該具有商業(yè)頭腦”符合題意。文中最后一句提到Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.(他們不了解其技術(shù)工作的業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境,也不能與業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者就其技術(shù)支持進(jìn)行有意義的討論。),由此可知,和業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行深入的討論是包括在商業(yè)技能里面的,所以A選項(xiàng)“需要深入的討論”不正確,C選項(xiàng)“期待技術(shù)支持”和D選項(xiàng)“在招聘開發(fā)者方面存在一些挑戰(zhàn)”都是想要解決的問題之一,但不是中心思想。綜上所述,該題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.語義推測題。題干:文中第四段的劃線部分“recruitingfunction”指的是_______。第四段中提到ifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas:(如果你的recruitingfunction對你來說不是一件有競爭力的武器,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一場失敗的戰(zhàn)斗中。你最好發(fā)展自身,以下是一些建議:),緊接著第五,第六段提出一些建議。所以recruitingfunction在這里指的是“有競爭力的招聘策略”,C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“特定公司的招聘”,B選項(xiàng)“招聘的功能”,D選項(xiàng)“為某個(gè)雇主雇傭IT工人”,均不是對recruitingfunction正確的解釋。綜上所述,該題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干:如果一家公司沒有足夠的時(shí)間和資金來聘請它所需要的高管,那么它應(yīng)該_________。文章第五段和第六段提到的兩個(gè)建議,第一個(gè)是Buildarotationalprogram(建立一個(gè)輪換計(jì)劃),第二個(gè)是Involveyourbusinessleaders(讓你的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖參與進(jìn)來),由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“號召所有的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“取得長期結(jié)果”,在文中并未提及,排除A選項(xiàng),B選項(xiàng)“制定培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃”,文中第六段提到的輪換計(jì)劃指的是將IT人員輪換到業(yè)務(wù)的不同職能的程序,和B選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不相符,排除B選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)“參加激烈的比賽”,在文中并未提及,排除C選項(xiàng)。所以本題應(yīng)該選擇D選項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:輪換制度不包括________。由關(guān)鍵詞“rotationalprogram”定位到文章第五段EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.(鼓勵(lì)您的人力資源主管與您的CIO和其他一些業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)合作,建立一個(gè)將IT人員輪換到業(yè)務(wù)的不同職能的程序。),由此可知,D選項(xiàng)“所有商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”,不正確,所以本題選擇D選項(xiàng),A選項(xiàng)“混合IT高管”,B選項(xiàng)“CIO”均在第五段中提到,C選項(xiàng)“CEO”在第六段中提到“businessexecutives”,綜上所述,本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Thebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotaket

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