考研考博-英語-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thehospitalisnowdiscounting10standardoperations,________havingababytoundergoingaheartbypass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rangingfrom

B.covering

C.consistingof

D.comprising

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)“從……到……”；B選項(xiàng)“覆蓋，包含”；C選項(xiàng)“包括，組成”；D選項(xiàng)“包括”。句意：這家醫(yī)院現(xiàn)在不考慮（做）10種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手術(shù)，（）接生到心臟搭橋手術(shù)。從句子關(guān)鍵詞“to”，選項(xiàng)中和to搭配的只有rangefrom...to；所以答案選A。consistof和comprise后面列舉的例子一般用and連接。

2.翻譯題

人類在歷史上的生活正如旅行一樣。旅途上的征人所經(jīng)過的地方，有時(shí)是坦蕩平原，有時(shí)是崎嶇險(xiǎn)路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高興興地向前走，走到崎嶇的境界，愈是奇趣橫生，覺得在此奇絕壯絕的境界，愈能感到一種冒險(xiǎn)的美趣。

【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.

3.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Atmidnight,hedrovethroughstreets（

）oftraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.empty

B.lacking

C.lack

D.crowded

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析。emptyof“無，沒有”；lackof“缺乏”；crowdedwith“擁擠，擠滿……”。句意：午夜時(shí)分，他開車穿過空無一人的街道。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrels（吟游歌手）andmercenaries（雇傭兵）,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclan（部落）system,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresy（異端）intheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism（流浪）.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery.Itwasn'tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust（大屠殺）.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized（消除）,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned(迅速成長).Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplay(不予重視)theirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,"iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthehistoryoftheGypsies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheoriginoftheGypsiescanonlybeguessedfromtheirlanguage.

B.EuropeanshadthoughtthattheGypsiesoriginatedfromEgypt.

C.SomepeoplehadthoughtthattheGypsiesmightdisappearasadistinctnationality.

D.TherewasonceacountryoftheGypsiesinnorthernIndia.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies（只有在非吉普賽人的威脅面前才能真正團(tuán)結(jié)起來）可知D選項(xiàng)“面對外部威脅”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.（在歐洲，非吉普賽人對他們的迫害開始得很快，教會認(rèn)為他們的算命行為是異端邪說，而政府認(rèn)為他們的游牧生活是反社會行動。在更近的歷史中，吉普賽人被陷入納粹黨歇斯底里的種族迫害中，大約50萬人死于大屠殺）可知吉普賽人受到了教堂、政府以及納粹的迫害，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown—unlikeJews（除了極少數(shù)例外，吉普賽人并沒有表達(dá)出對一個(gè)國家的強(qiáng)烈愿望—不像猶太人那樣）可知吉普賽人與猶太人的主要區(qū)別在于對身份的認(rèn)同，因此選C。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago（從他們的語言羅曼語的各種方言中的線索可知，一千年前他們從印度北部來到中東）可知D選項(xiàng)“印度北部曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)吉普賽人國家”表示不正確，只能推測吉普賽人從印度北部而來。

6.單選題

Itiswrongto（）anyoneofthecandidatesatthemoment，foroneofthemmightturnouttobeadarkhorseinthegeneralelection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.outshine

C.belittle

D.grudge

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deny“否認(rèn)”；outshine“相形見絀”；belittle“輕視，貶低”；grudge“懷恨，吝惜”。句意：現(xiàn)在輕視任何一個(gè)候選人都是不正確的，因?yàn)樗麄冎械娜魏我粋€(gè)都有可能在選舉中成為一匹黑馬。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.Manythingshavechangedintheinterveningyears.Thehotelindustryworriesmoreaboutoverbuildingthanovercrowding,andiftheyhadtomeetanunexpectedinflux,fewinnswouldhaveamanagertoaccommodatethewearyguests.Nowitisthecensustakerthatdoesthetravelinginthefondhopethatahighlymobilepopulationwillstaylongenoughtogetagoodsampling.Methodsofgathering,recording,andevaluatinginformationhavepresumablybeenimprovedagreatdeal.AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes,nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearmentwhichwe,atleastinouryoungeryearswhenthesethingsmattered,wouldhaveassociatedmorereadilywiththedescriptionofafairmaiden.ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets,andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.

43.TaxationinRomandaysapparentlywasbasedon______.

44.TheAmericanStatisticalAssociation______.

45.Themessagetheauthorwishesthereadertogetis______.

46The“greateststoryevertold”referredtointhepassageisthestoryof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.mobility

C.population

D.censustakers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isconvertingstatisticalstudyfromanarttoascience

B.hasanexcellentrecordinbusinessforecasting

C.isneitherhopefulnorpessimistic

D.speakswithmathematicalexactitude

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.statisticianshavenotadvancedsincethedaysoftheRoman

B.statisticsisnotasyetascience

C.statisticianslovetheirmachine

D.computerishopeful

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Christmas

B.TheMets

C.Moses

D.RomanCensusTakers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“羅馬時(shí)代的稅收顯然是基于……”。文章第六句指出AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes（那時(shí)羅馬計(jì)算人頭作為征稅的適當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，目的很簡單）可知，羅馬時(shí)代的稅收是基于人口，C項(xiàng)“人口”正確。B項(xiàng)“流動性”是人口的特點(diǎn)，D項(xiàng)“人口普查員”是普查人口的執(zhí)行者，這兩項(xiàng)都不符合題干；A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”沒提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會……”。根據(jù)文中第六句開始講的觀點(diǎn)：…nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearment…（現(xiàn)在，政府機(jī)構(gòu)和私人組織的一系列復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，由智者和先知人物殷切地瀏覽和解釋以取得預(yù)先外未來事件的線索。圣經(jīng)并沒有告訴我們羅馬的人口調(diào)查員是怎么調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)的。至于我們當(dāng)前更加關(guān)心的問題：目前經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測的可靠性，意見分歧很大。美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會125周年慶?；顒由希藗冊诖笏列麚P(yáng)這些不同觀點(diǎn)。有一種說法是經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測可能正從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展。有些人興高采烈大談新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)系統(tǒng)……）可知，美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會正把統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展，所以A項(xiàng)“正把統(tǒng)計(jì)研究從文科轉(zhuǎn)變成理科”正確。文中提到ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets…（但也有人指出，那些備受尊敬的預(yù)測和預(yù)測者的平均成功率還低于Mets的糟糕記錄）可知，B項(xiàng)“在商業(yè)預(yù)測方面有出色的記錄”不正確。C項(xiàng)“不樂觀也不悲觀”文章沒有提到，只提到了他們半喜半憂地離開協(xié)會。由最后一句thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.（只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測，適用于可確定事實(shí)的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的。）可知，D項(xiàng)“以精確的數(shù)學(xué)說話”不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望讀者得到的信息是……”。根據(jù)文中的描述：…andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.（連統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會的主席也告誡說高能統(tǒng)計(jì)法在實(shí)際材料原始和不允許的地方一般發(fā)揮正常。這跟低級的，不合適的統(tǒng)計(jì)員所假定的正好相反。我們懷著喜憂參半的心情離開周年慶祝宴會，懷著確實(shí)不是新近才有的信念，相信只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測，適用于可確定事實(shí)的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的。），可知只要不把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性預(yù)測，那么統(tǒng)計(jì)法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中就有它的貢獻(xiàn)，從中我們可以推知，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)（理科），所以B項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)”正確。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家從羅馬時(shí)代起就沒有進(jìn)步”和C項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家喜歡他們的計(jì)算機(jī)”沒有提到過。D項(xiàng)“電腦是有希望的”，文中只講了有些人懷著興高采烈的心情大講新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)“系統(tǒng)”，暗示了計(jì)算機(jī)大有希望，但不是所有人都這樣認(rèn)為的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“本文中提到的‘有史以來最偉大的故事’是……的故事”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一句話NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.（自從凱撒奧古斯都下令進(jìn)行的人口普查成為有史以來最偉大的故事的一部分以來，已經(jīng)過去了近兩千年），其中提到了凱撒奧古斯都頒布的征稅法令，而這個(gè)故事是被基督徒稱為圣誕故事的經(jīng)文，所以這是圣誕節(jié)的故事，A項(xiàng)“圣誕節(jié)”正確。B項(xiàng)“theMets”、C項(xiàng)“摩西”和D項(xiàng)“羅馬人口普查員”都不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Anewkindofradarhasbeendevelopedforspace-agetravelers.Aworkinglaboratory

modelofanewsystemofradarthatmakesuseofabeamoflightissaidtobetenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves.

Themodelhasshownthatradarsystemcanmeasurewithabsoluteprecisionspeedsvaryingfromspaceshiporbitalinjectionvelocitiesoflivemilesperseconddowntovirtualstops-speedsoflessthanoneten-thousandthofaninchpersecond.Accordingtothescientistswhoaredevelopingthissystem,suchfinemeasuresofvelocityareofprimeimportanceinspacemissions.Inarendezvous（宇宙飛回合點(diǎn)）betweentwospaceships,orinalandingapproachbyavehicleontoanorbitingspacestation,abumpcouldrip（劃破）openaship’sskin,oranudgecouldknockthestationoutofitsorbit.

Thelight-beamradar,whichoperatesatafrequencyoftrillions（萬億）ofcyclespersecond,couldeasilydetectandmeasurethemovementofavehicleedginguptoasatellitespacestationevenatasmallfractionofaninchpersecond.Acontrolsystemsusingsopreciseasignalasthisallowahugevehicletodockataspacestationaslightlyasafeather.

1.Thisradarsystemissignificantbecauseit（

）.

2.Light-beamradarhasprovedcapableofmeasuringspeedsthat（

）.

3.Precisioninmeasuringslowspeedswillhelpspacepilotsto（

）.

4.Thisradarwillbeespeciallyvaluableinspacebecause（

）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthisselectionwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthefirstradarsystemtoworkinspace

B.ismoreprecisethanmicrowaveradar

C.iseasiertooperatethanmicrowaveradar

D.willworkontheearth’ssurfaceaswellasinspace

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arevirtuallynegligible

B.cannotbedetectedvisually

C.areofextremelyhighvelocity

D.alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainorbital

B.makerendezvousinspace

C.landatspacestations

D.bothBandC

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.accuratemeasurementsareessentialinspace

B.thespeedsofspacevehicleswillvarygreatly

C.inaccuraciesinmeasurementcouldcauseaccidentsinspace

D.allofabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RadarfortheSpaceage

B.Rendezvousinspace

C.TheFunctionofRadar

D.ProblemsinSpaceNavigation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段tenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves提到了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)比之前的要更加準(zhǔn)確，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Themodelhasshownthatradarsystemcanmeasurewithabsoluteprecisionspeedsvaryingfromspaceshiporbitalinjectionvelocitiesoflivemilesperseconddowntovirtualstops-speedsoflessthanoneten-thousandthofaninchpersecond提到這種雷達(dá)能夠測量從太空飛船每秒5英里的發(fā)射速度到實(shí)際靜止的每秒小于萬分之一英寸的速度，可知這種雷達(dá)在肉眼看不到，無法看到，且速度極快，前面三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都包含了，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第二段后半段inarendezvous（宇宙飛回合點(diǎn)）betweentwospaceships,orinalandingapproachbyavehicleontoanorbitingspacestation,abumpcouldrip（劃破）openaship’sskin,oranudgecouldknockthestationoutofitsorbit提到新的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確性對于兩艘宇宙飛船之間的宇宙飛回合點(diǎn)還有空間站是非常重要的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段提到激光雷達(dá)精確的速度測量對太空飛行至關(guān)重要。即使一個(gè)輕微的觸碰都可能劃破飛船外殼，或者是空間站脫離既定的軌道。由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意，前面三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都包含在內(nèi)。

5.文章主要講述的是一種新的雷達(dá)技術(shù)被開發(fā)出來運(yùn)用至太空飛行中。選項(xiàng)A“太空時(shí)代的雷達(dá)”符合題意。

9.單選題

Themost（）technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyisprobablythecomputerrevolution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.solemn

B.prominent

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)solemn“嚴(yán)肅的；隆重的，鄭重的”；B選項(xiàng)prominent“突出的，顯著的；杰出的”；C選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的；興旺的”；D選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。句意：20世紀(jì)最顯著的技術(shù)成功或許是計(jì)算機(jī)革命。結(jié)合句意，選B。

10.單選題

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStateassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetata

placecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.Inlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanother,ithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemiddleI9lhcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborersfromEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SettlementsSpreadWestward

B.TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:AVitalLink

C.AmericanRailroadHistory

D.TheImportanceofTrainsintheAmericanEconomy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem(最嚴(yán)重的問題是建設(shè)能承重的鐵軌和開發(fā)安全、有效的（火車）制動系統(tǒng)),由此可知A項(xiàng)“質(zhì)量差的鐵軌和不可靠的制動系統(tǒng)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets(在鼓勵(lì)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動方面,鐵路（即美國的第一個(gè)橫貫大陸的鐵路）非常重要。它通過運(yùn)輸原材料和快速地把產(chǎn)品分配到更遠(yuǎn)的市場也幫助加強(qiáng)了工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)（的發(fā)展）),由此可知A項(xiàng)“帶來了西部工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展”正確。

3.主旨大意題。第一段提出:火車成為了美國陸地交通的最好方式,第二段講述美國第一條橫貫大陸鐵路系統(tǒng)的修建。因此B項(xiàng)“橫貫大陸的鐵路:重要的連接”適合作文章標(biāo)題。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(1862年,國會授權(quán)兩家西部鐵路公司建設(shè)從內(nèi)布拉斯加州往西和從加利福尼亞州往東到一個(gè)匯聚點(diǎn)的鐵路線,以便完成一條連接大西洋沿岸和太平洋地區(qū)的橫貫大陸的鐵路線),以及:Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater(這個(gè)工程的實(shí)際工作在4年后開始),以及:In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah,manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion(1869年,他們在如今猶他州一個(gè)名為普羅蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客為了這偉大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知橫貫大陸的鐵路線建設(shè)時(shí)間為1866—1869年,供3年,故選D。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(以便完成一條連接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美國東海岸）和太平洋地區(qū)（即文中指代的美國西部）的橫貫大陸的鐵路線),故選C“需要連接?xùn)|海岸和西部”。

11.單選題

Itbestowstheabilitytoovercomelaziness,temptationsandnegativehabits,andtocarryoutactions,eveniftheyrequireeffort,areunpleasantandtediousorcontrarytoone’shabit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.monotonous

B.interesting

C.entertaining

D.equitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)monotonous“單調(diào)的，千篇一律的，因單調(diào)令人厭煩的”；B選項(xiàng)interesting“有趣的，有意思的”；C選項(xiàng)entertaining“令人愉快的，有趣的”；D選項(xiàng)equitable“公平的，公正的”。句意：它賦予人們克服懶惰、誘惑和消極習(xí)慣的能力，并且能夠采取行動，即使這些行動需要付出努力，是令人不快的、乏味的或與自己的習(xí)慣相反的。Tedious“沉悶的；冗長乏味的”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

TheRedCrossappealedtophilanthropytosavealifeofaprisoner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.public

B.charity

C.justice

D.attorney

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)public“公眾，社會，公共場所”；B選項(xiàng)charity“慈善，慈善團(tuán)體”；C選項(xiàng)justice“司法，法律制裁，正義”；D選項(xiàng)attorney“律師，代理人，檢察官”。句意：紅十字會呼吁慈善事業(yè)來拯救一名囚犯的生命。Philanthropy“慈善；慈善事業(yè)”，B選項(xiàng)與該單詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

NASAiscastinganetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)disassemble“拆開、分散”；B選項(xiàng)disembark“登陸、上岸”；C選項(xiàng)neglected“忽視、疏忽”；D選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”，句意為：美國國家航空航天局正在對航天飛機(jī)展開調(diào)查，以查明是什么原因?qū)е潞教祜w機(jī)在著陸前失控。B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

15.單選題

Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances（

）thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mayweuse

B.wemayuse

C.wecoulduse

D.didweuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。undernocircumstances后面要用部分倒裝，即將助動詞提前至主語前面，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.寫作題

Directions:“Thepurposeofeducationshouldbetocreateanacademicenvironmentthatisseparatefromtheoutsideworld.Thiskindofenvironmentisidealbecauseitallowsstudentstofocusonimportantideaswithoutbeingheldbackbypracticalconcerns.”Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordstoexplainyouropinionsonthisissue.

【答案】

ThePurposeofEducation17.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來事實(shí)相反，主句用would/could+動詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動詞原形。

18.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentres