考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.willproceedwiththe（）of48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.purchase

B.pursuit

C.probe

D.pledge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)purchase表示“購(gòu)買(mǎi)，購(gòu)置，獲得”；B選項(xiàng)pursuit表示“追趕，追求”；C選項(xiàng)probe表示“調(diào)查，探針”；D選項(xiàng)pledge表示“抵押，保證，誓言”。分析句意可知，交通運(yùn)輸部會(huì)繼續(xù)購(gòu)置48輛新的輕軌，因此只有purchase詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Theyfailedthistime,butIwould______aguessthattheywilldofairlywellinthenextelection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursue

B.hazard

C.illustrate

D.crave

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pursue“繼續(xù)，從事，追趕”，B項(xiàng)hazard“大膽猜測(cè)，冒……的危險(xiǎn)”，C項(xiàng)illustrate“闡明，舉例說(shuō)明，圖解”，D項(xiàng)crave“渴望，懇求”。由空格后的guess“猜測(cè)”可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：他們這次失敗了，但我敢打賭他們?cè)谙麓芜x舉中會(huì)表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)好。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.寫(xiě)作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonPrivateSchoolsinChina.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Theiradvantages;

2.Theirdisadvantages;

3.Yourcomments.

【答案】PrivateSchoolsinChina

Itisknowntoallthatmoreandmoreprivateschoolshavebeensetupinourcountrysince1990s.Toacertaindegree,thoseschoolsareabletomakeupfortheshortageofschoolsinChina.Withtheadventofmoreandmoreprivateschools,alotofpeopleshowtheirinterestinthem.Asaresult,manystudentshavebeenenrolledintheseschools.

Privateschoolshavemanyadvantages.Firstofall,theyrelievethefinancialburdenofthegovernment.Althoughthegovernmenthaskeptprovidingmoneyforestablishingpubicschools,itcannotsatisfytheincreasingdemandofpubliceducation.Besides,theseschoolsusuallyprovideabetterlearningenvironmentforstudentsconsistingofbetterfacilitiesandbetterteachingequipment.Furthermore,thesalaryofteachersinprivateschoolsisnormallyhigherthanthatinpublicschools.Therefore,theycanattractqualifiedteachers.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwon’tsendmychildtoaprivateschool.Foronething,theteachingqualityinprivateschoolsinChinaisgenerallynotasgoodasthatinpublicschools.Foranother,thetuitionfeeinaprivateschoolisnormallyhigherthanthatinapublicschool.Lastbutnotleast,studentswhograduatefromprivateschoolsareusuallydiscriminatedagainstwhileseekingtheirjobs.

4.寫(xiě)作題

Therearealotofchoicesyouhavetomakeinyourlifeandsomeeventsorchangesthathaveoccurredbecauseofthem.Inthefollowingyouarerequestedtowriteacompositionaboutoneofthechoicesyouhavemade.Describehowyourlifechangedbecauseofthechoiceandthendescribehowitmighthavebeenormightbeifyouhavedonethingsdifferently.Youressayshouldbeabout400words.ThesuggestedtitleisATurningPointinMyLife.

Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainidea,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthemainideawithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】【略】

5.單選題

Sinceyouchangedlaneswithoutsignaling,youareasmuchto（

）fortheaccidentasus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blame

B.accusation

C.condemnation

D.charge

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。blame“責(zé)任，過(guò)失”；accusation“指責(zé)，譴責(zé)”；condemnation“譴責(zé)，定罪”；charge“控告，控訴”。句意：由于你變道前沒(méi)開(kāi)轉(zhuǎn)向燈，你就應(yīng)該像我們一樣對(duì)這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Peoplebuyinsuranceinordertosubstituteasmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertaincatastrophicone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominate

B.exchange

C.input

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dominate支配；控制B.exchange交換

C.input投入；輸入D.manipulate操縱

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與介詞搭配

【解題思路】原文語(yǔ)義為“人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)保險(xiǎn)是為了____一個(gè)小的、確定的、可以承受的損失為了（for）一個(gè)大的、不確定的災(zāi)難性損失?！痹~substituteAforB“用A代替B”?？崭裉幩钤~與介詞for搭配，B選項(xiàng)exchange“交換”最符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接與搭配，exchangeAforB“用A換B”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文介詞搭配與語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)保險(xiǎn)是為了用一個(gè)小的、確定的、可以承受的損失來(lái)代替一個(gè)大的、不確定的災(zāi)難性損失。

7.單選題

Theproblemwithemploying（）peopleisthattheyoftendon’tstayinthejobforlong.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overpriced

B.overqualified

C.overrated

D.overwhelmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。overpriced“定價(jià)過(guò)高的”；overqualified“資歷過(guò)高的，條件太好的”；overrated“評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高的，高估的”；overwhelmed“不堪重負(fù)的，受寵若驚的”。句意：招聘那些不堪重負(fù)的人的問(wèn)題就是這些人不會(huì)在工作崗位上待太久。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

TheremedyproposedbyMr.Maxwellissimple,easyand（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciable

B.amendable

C.collapsible

D.practicable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。appreciable可評(píng)估的，相當(dāng)可觀的；amendable可修正的；collapsible可折疊的；practicable可實(shí)行的，行得通的。

句意：Maxwell先生提出的補(bǔ)救辦法簡(jiǎn)單而且切實(shí)可行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitloreofthem.Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegreeMostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpactwasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudentsstruggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe’rulesofthegame,'and"takeadvantageofcollegeresources,"theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.

1.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepaperbelievesthatfirst-generationstudents

（

）.

3.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reducedtheirdropoutrates

B.narrowedtheachievementgap

C.misseditsoriginalpurpose

D.depressedcollegestudents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

B.canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

C.maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

D.areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class

B.studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

C.socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

D.collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘招募更多第一代大學(xué)生己經(jīng)如何？’根據(jù)文章第一段“Thishascreated’’aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"achievementgapbasedonsocialclass...這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)“悖論”，即招收第一代學(xué)生，但卻眼睜睜地看著他們中的許多人失敗，這意味著高等教育“繼續(xù)繁衍和擴(kuò)大，而不是縮小”基于社會(huì)階層的成就差距，所以這是一種自相矛盾的事……”。確定C選項(xiàng)‘能達(dá)到其最初的目的’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘本文作者認(rèn)為第一代學(xué)生如何？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“...first-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.第一代大學(xué)生缺少的不是潛力，而是在處理大多數(shù)大學(xué)生面對(duì)的問(wèn)題時(shí)的實(shí)際的常識(shí)?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“在大學(xué)里沒(méi)有處理問(wèn)題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘最后一段中可以推斷什么？’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的學(xué)院和大學(xué)很少承認(rèn)社會(huì)階層是如何影響學(xué)生的教育經(jīng)歷的，所以許多第一代學(xué)生缺乏對(duì)他們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)掙扎的洞察力，也不知道像他們這樣的學(xué)生如何才能進(jìn)步?！笨梢酝浦狣選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校應(yīng)該為目前的問(wèn)題承擔(dān)部分責(zé)任”正確。

10.單選題

Whenpeoplearehappy,theytendtogive（

）interpretationsofeventstheywitness:theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.charitable

B.elaborate

C.conscientious

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義。charitable“慷慨的；仁慈的”；elaborate“精心制作的；詳盡的”；conscientious“認(rèn)真的；小心謹(jǐn)慎的”；coherent“一致的”。句意：人在快樂(lè)時(shí)傾向于對(duì)自己所見(jiàn)的事情給出仁慈的解釋?zhuān)磁杂^者的觀點(diǎn)被自身的情緒所影響。由theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Theygathered（）informationbeforedesigningthemeasuringequipment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreatmany

B.vastamountsof

C.alargenumberof

D.anumberof

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。Agreatmany,alargenumberof和anumberof后都接可數(shù)名詞，information為不可數(shù)名詞，所以選用vastamountof，句意：他們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)測(cè)量設(shè)備之前收集了大量的信息。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedtowriteacompositiononthetopicof“OntheAgingPopulation”.Youshouldwriteatleast160-180words.

【答案】略

13.單選題

Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,California.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andI’moutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.

EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunningprotectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTomitzeronabike.Ishout“Tomitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTomitzer’sbackwheel.TomitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver，awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTomitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.Insevendays,Iwillbe8yearsold.

1.Thebesttitleforthisstorycouldbe（）

2.ThemainimageinParagraph1isofayoungboy（）.

3.ThemainimageinParagraph2isof（）.

4.Thestorystartwiththefeelingof（）,andendswiththefeelingof（）.

5.Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthrough（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Summer

B.KillerDogs

C.MyEighthBirthday

D.TheAlley

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.climbingawhitebrickfences

B.snatchingavocados

C.runningwithfearandexhilaration

D.defyingferociousdogs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tomitzerridinghisbike

B.exhilarationturningintohorror

C.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealley

D.thehysteriaofthewomandriver

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.joyfulaction...horrifiedinaction

B.running...standing

C.beingalone...beingwithothers

D.beingaloneintheopen...shiveringintheheat

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuseofminutedetail

B.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcold

C.itsimpliedreferencetotheword“frozen”

D.thecontrastofdeathandplay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章講述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段第一句話(huà)提到小男孩偷牛油果(astolenavocado)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:文章第二段講述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看見(jiàn)Tomitzer在騎自行車(chē)，很高興地喊他，但是他在回頭的時(shí)候，被汽車(chē)撞死了。見(jiàn)到此情此景，小男孩Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.說(shuō)明小男孩內(nèi)心很害怕。這一段主要講述了小男孩由偷牛油果的興奮到間接害死朋友的恐懼心理。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第4題:根據(jù)上題，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第5題:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常開(kāi)心的，但是當(dāng)Tomitzer因?yàn)樗懒说臅r(shí)候他感覺(jué)很害怕。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)用來(lái)描述死亡與玩耍的對(duì)比，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Safetydevices（

）inpreventingaccidentsintheworkshop.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assist

B.assure

C.assemble

D.contribute

【答案】A

【解析】句意:安全設(shè)備有助于防止車(chē)間出事故。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Assist幫助,促進(jìn),assistindoingsth.協(xié)助做某事;assure保證,擔(dān)保;assemble集合,聚集,裝配;contribute貢獻(xiàn),出力。因此A符合句意。

15.單選題

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-H,below.Writethecorrectletter,A-Hinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.

1.Homemedicalaids（）.

2.Regularamountsofexercise（）.

3.Feelingsofcontroloverlife（）.

4.Feelingsofloneliness（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.maycauseheartdisease

B.canbehelpedbyhormonetreatment

C.maycauserisesinlevelsofstresshormones

D.havecosttheUnitedStatesgovernmentmorethan$200billion

E.mayhelppreventmentaldecline

F.maygetstrongeratnight

G.allowoldpeopletobemoreindependent

H.canreducestressindifficultsituations

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:E

第3題:H

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第八段第一句，“Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.”，許多老年人在生活中越來(lái)越具獨(dú)立性，這可能與越來(lái)越多地使用簡(jiǎn)單的家庭醫(yī)療設(shè)備有關(guān)?？膳袛喑黾彝サ囊恍┽t(yī)療設(shè)備讓老年人變得更加獨(dú)立。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第九段第一句，“Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning…”，每天保持一定程度的鍛煉活動(dòng)可能有助于維持腦力功能?？膳袛喑鲇幸?guī)律的鍛煉有助于防止腦力衰退。選項(xiàng)E符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段，“Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.”，在做駕駛等具有挑戰(zhàn)性活動(dòng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬中，那些感覺(jué)能掌控自己生命的人會(huì)分泌出如皮質(zhì)醇之類(lèi)的較低水平的壓力荷爾蒙。可判斷出掌控生命的感覺(jué)可以使人在困境中減輕壓力。選項(xiàng)H符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句，“Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.”，感到孤獨(dú)的老年人即使在睡覺(jué)時(shí)也會(huì)保持較高水平的壓力荷爾蒙。可判斷出孤獨(dú)感會(huì)增加壓力荷爾蒙的水平。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Howmanytimesdidtheclock（

）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hit

B.knock

C.beat

D.strike

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。strike可以用來(lái)表示“敲打鐘表”，其他的詞則不行，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)assist表示“幫助，協(xié)助”；B項(xiàng)acknowledge表示“致謝，承認(rèn)”；C項(xiàng)advocate表示“提倡，擁護(hù)”；D項(xiàng)admit表示“承認(rèn)，容許”。根據(jù)句中against可知作者反對(duì)電子游戲，所以應(yīng)該支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：瓊斯先生強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)電子游戲，提倡關(guān)閉所有的電子游戲娛樂(lè)設(shè)施。故本題正確答案為C。

18.單選題

Theyhavedevelopedcomputersthatcanunderstandthingspeoplesay,andcannowgivea[A]meaninganswer.Buthumanintelligenceisbetterthanhavinga[B]goodmemory.Itmaybe[C]possibletobuildcomputersthatcanrememberalotmorethanthehumanbrain.[D]Buthumanscandoalotmore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.good

C.possible

D.But

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞性混用。A選項(xiàng)修飾的詞語(yǔ)是answer，因此meaning應(yīng)改為形容詞性的meaningful“有意義的”。

19.單選題

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（與現(xiàn)代工業(yè)陶藝家不同的是，史前工匠們用最簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和裝飾器皿方面表現(xiàn)出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B項(xiàng)“早期陶器的制作和裝飾”，后文都是在講早期陶器制作和裝飾的過(guò)程。

A項(xiàng)“考古學(xué)家為什么研究史前造壺”，文中并未提及；C項(xiàng)“早期陶藝家使用的窯爐的發(fā)展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主題；D項(xiàng)“史前陶器上裝飾的種類(lèi)”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至關(guān)重要：它被仔細(xì)地?fù)v碎，并與水混合，使其質(zhì)地完全均勻）。meticulously“仔細(xì)地”。A項(xiàng)“大量地；沉重地”，B項(xiàng)“最初”，C項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)地；小心翼翼的”，D項(xiàng)“徹底地；完全地”，因此只有C項(xiàng)符合。

56.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干：以下哪種方法是一些陶工用來(lái)給器皿玻璃般的飾面？文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一塊圓石或者類(lèi)似的東西打磨，可以得到一個(gè)光亮、堅(jiān)硬的表面），因此正確選項(xiàng)為D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它們”。A項(xiàng)“用濕手撫平它們”，這并不能得到一個(gè)玻璃般的飾面，而且接下來(lái)還有很多步驟；B項(xiàng)“將粘土與有色溶液混合”，文中未體現(xiàn)；C項(xiàng)“在很高的溫度下烘烤”，這是glaze“釉料”的制作過(guò)程。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被稱(chēng)為窯爐的特殊烘箱中，溫度要高得多，這種烘箱……），

是說(shuō)用這種特殊的烤爐里可以得到高得多的溫度，因此正確選項(xiàng)為B“達(dá)到更高的溫度”。A項(xiàng)“燃燒所需木材較少”，C項(xiàng)“把灰從罐子里拿開(kāi)”，D項(xiàng)“烘烤容器并且容器沒(méi)有開(kāi)裂”，均在文中未體現(xiàn)。

20.單選題

Theactoramusedtheaudienceby______somewell-knownpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.embroidering

B.rigging

C.yelping

D.mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.embroidering繡花，刺繡B.rigging索具，繩索；傳動(dòng)裝置n.

C.yelping尖叫D.mimicking模仿，戲弄

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息amusedtheaudience（取悅觀眾）以及well-knownpeople（名人）可知，這位演員是通過(guò)模仿名人來(lái)取悅觀眾，因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這個(gè)演員模仿一些名人來(lái)逗樂(lè)觀眾。

21.單選題

Theydidnotrealizethattheyhad（）acrimebycuttingdownthetree.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performed

B.undertaken

C.made

D.committed

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。perform“履行”;undertake“從事”;make“制造”;commit“犯罪，承諾”。句意：他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到砍樹(shù)這件事情使他們犯罪了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能倒裝；whatever后面常跟名詞；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后面跟形容詞或副詞。句意：不管他有多遲鈍，他無(wú)疑是一位非常成功的高管。

23.單選題

Alllivingorganismsconstantlyabsorbcarbon14______theirexistence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.about

C.around

D.throughout

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)out“向外”，B項(xiàng)about“大約，關(guān)于”，C項(xiàng)around“圍繞”，D項(xiàng)throughout“自始至終，遍及”。句意：所有生物在其生存過(guò)程中都會(huì)不斷地吸收碳14。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

24.翻譯題

Inalmosteveryformofm