考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽醫(yī)科大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

問題2選項

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

問題3選項

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

問題4選項

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

問題5選項

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在決策的理論模型中，決策被定義為從一組執(zhí)行選項中選擇一個選項的過程。也就是說，需要考慮多種選擇，選項B符合原文。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……組織中所有參與了這個過程的人都圍繞著決策者。由此可推測，決策者和組織是緊密相連的，所以選項D更恰當。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句，決策單元的成員對一個身份不明的問題做出反應，需要通過研究問題，確定組織的目標，制定方案，評估每一個決策的優(yōu)點和缺點，包括問題本身的性質(zhì)，對組織施加影響的外部力量，決策單元的內(nèi)部動態(tài)以及決策者的個性。選項A屬于評估每一個決策的優(yōu)點和缺點；選項B屬于確定組織的目標；選項D屬于決策單元內(nèi)部的動態(tài)；所以，只有選項C沒有涉及。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”決策由理性的人做出，他針對來自外部環(huán)境的特定威脅，直接而有目的地做出特定的決策。由此可知，他們做事是帶有目的性的，而不是隨機應變的，所以他們最不可能做的是選項B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”經(jīng)過仔細分析而選擇出的最佳選項。選項C正確。

2.單選題

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

問題1選項

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

問題2選項

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

問題3選項

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

問題4選項

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

問題5選項

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.（在不列顛群島，溫度從80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列顛群島的溫度快接近100度，故C選項“接近100”正確。A選項“保持在80度”，B選項“從80上升到90度”和D選項“超過100度”錯誤。因此C選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.（美國的死亡人數(shù)仍然很少，這在很大程度上要歸功于前幾年和前幾個月安裝的空調(diào)設備。），可知，在美國很少人因為高溫而喪生得益于空調(diào)，故D選項“人們裝有最舒適的空調(diào)”正確。A選項“溫度還可以忍受”和B選項“人們在室內(nèi)待了幾個星期”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.（全國各地氣溫上升到人類承受能力的極限，人們被迫連續(xù)數(shù)周待在室內(nèi)。），可知這氣溫已超出承受范圍，故A選項錯誤，并且因為氣溫太高人們不得不待在室內(nèi)，這是高溫帶來的影響而非只有少數(shù)人死亡的原因，故B選項錯誤。C選項“政府已經(jīng)采取了有效的措施來降低高溫”：文章沒有提到政府做了什么，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

3.實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.（最終，海水表層的溫度上升了……致命的濕度增加。）和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday（天氣一天比一天潮濕和炎熱），可知是海水溫度和濕度增加影響的開羅和好望角地區(qū)，故B選項“隨著海洋表層海水濕度的增加，溫度變得更潮濕、更熱”正確，A選項“溫度變得非常熱”中僅僅因為溫度變化不至于造成這樣的結果。C選項“他們的條件太危險了”：這是對這情況的描述而非原因，故錯誤。D選項“他們對高溫無計可施”：根據(jù)第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.（人類之所以能活下來，完全是因為挖到了洞穴和地窖。），可知人類運用了一些對策面對高溫，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.（到了七月的第四個星期……溫度降低了一點……但不能說情況有所改善……就像對人類和許多其他動物不利一樣），可知對人類來說，氣溫的威脅降低了，可是其他的危險同時出現(xiàn)，人類安全與否仍然未知，故D選項“生死仍未定”正確。A選項“人類將不可能存活”，B選項“越來越多的人將失去生命”和C選項“更少的人可以被拯救”與句意不符，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmosphere（昆蟲的數(shù)量急劇增加，因為灼熱的大氣對它們有利），可知昆蟲因為灼熱的大氣而增加，故A選項“灼熱的大氣”正確。B選項“熱帶氣候”C選項“云雨天氣”和D選項“潮濕的空氣”：文章沒有說這些因素和昆蟲數(shù)量增多的關系，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Ultimately,thecaseprovedtohavenothingtodowithhim.

問題1選項

A.Remarkably

B.Presumably

C.Noticeably

D.Eventually

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Remarkably顯著地B.Presumably大概；想必

C.Noticeably明顯地D.Eventually最終

【答案】D

【考查點】副詞辨析

【解題思路】原詞Ultimately“最終”，D選項Eventually“最終”與之語義最接近。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原文語義。

【句意】最終證明這一案件與他無關。

4.單選題

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

問題1選項

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

問題2選項

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

問題3選項

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

問題4選項

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

問題5選項

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句話便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（與說話嗓音有關的一些因素顯露出說話者的個性）。選項B“嗓音與個性的聯(lián)系”符合題意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener提到交談者的語氣有意或者無意地表達出直觀的同情或反感，冷漠或感興趣，疲勞、緊張、熱情或激動等等。選項B“語氣可能帶著超越言語意思的信息”符合題意。

3.文章第一段Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture提到公開表演是一種高度專業(yè)的交流方式，需要通過聲音的技巧或手勢來取得所需要的效果，題目中artistic,political等都屬于這一類公開表演。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第二段Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits提到自我形象可以通過語氣來表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑釁、友好等等，這些都是個性的特點。選項B符合題意。

5.文章第二段byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry可知選項D符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Thereare2shortpassagesinthispart.PassageAisforyoutotranslatefromEnglishtoChineseandpassageBisfromChinesetoEnglish.

PassageA

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpureeyes.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindcertainstereotypes.JohnDeweyhassaidthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofthemothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalk.

PassageB

教育的主要目標之一就是給未來的公民準備好他們在成人社會占有一席之地所需要的一切。當今的成人社會由男人和女人組成，所以男女分開的學校怎么可能為他們的將來做好恰當?shù)臏蕚淠兀磕信５慕逃o孩子提供的完全是現(xiàn)實社會的真實縮影。男孩女孩都有機會互相了解，有機會學著從小在一起生活。在這里，他們可以在學習能力、體育運動成績和許多課外活動方面進行相互比較，這些都是學校生活的一部分。

【答案】風俗一般不被認為是什么重要的課題。我們認為我們大腦的內(nèi)部活動特別值得研究。但對于傳統(tǒng)風俗，我們卻覺得那不過是最平常的行為而已。但事實恰恰相反。全世界的風俗習慣是很多具體行為的集合，這些具體行為不管有多不正常，也比任何個體行為令人驚訝。這只是問題的次要方面。最重要的是，風俗習慣在人們的經(jīng)驗及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所體現(xiàn)的多樣性。

沒有人能以純凈的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲學探索中，他也沒有徹底拋棄成見。約翰?杜威曾經(jīng)說過，風俗對于個體行為的塑造之于個體對風俗的影響，正如一個人的母語詞匯與他的咿呀學語一樣。

Amajorgoalofeducationistoprepareeverythingtheyneedforfuturecitizenstotheirplaceinadultsociety.Today’sadultcommunityiscomposedofmenandwomen,so,howcanschoolsseparatemenandwomentomakeappropriatepreparationsfortheirfuture?Whatco-educationaleducationprovidedtochildreniscompletelytruemicrocosmoftherealworld.Theyhavetheopportunitytohavemutualunderstandingandlearntolivetogether.Here,theycancomparewitheachotherinlearningabilities,sportsperformanceandmanyextra-curricularactivitiesandallofthesearepartsofschoollife.

6.單選題

Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget（

）.

問題1選項

A.disposition

B.defect

C.discrepancy

D.deficit

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項disposition“處置，性情”；B選項defect“缺點，劣勢”；C選項discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D選項deficit“赤字”。根據(jù)動詞“cut削減，砍掉”和“budget預算”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“赤字，不足額”，句意為：能源稅能抑制普通的空氣污染，限制石油進口和削減預算赤字。故正確答案選D。

7.單選題

heboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles（）rightaway.

問題1選項

A.hadtobeprinted

B.shouldhavebeenprinted

C.havebeenprinted

D.beprinted

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。當句中出現(xiàn)deem,suggest,insist,require等表主觀愿望的詞時,

從句需要使用虛擬語氣,

即should+動詞原形,should可省略。根據(jù)句意：委員會認為迫切需要立即把這些文件打印出來。由此可知文件還沒打印,

所以不用完成時。選項D正確。

8.單選題

Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

問題1選項

A.contributeto

B.attributeto

C.attendto

D.devoteto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個原因”；B選項attributeto“把……歸因于”；C選項attendto“處理；照料”；D選項devoteto“獻身于；作……專用”。句意：攝入太多脂肪會______心臟病和引起高血壓。根據(jù)語境，攝入太多脂肪是造成心臟病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個原因”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes.

問題1選項

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項concerned“有關的；關心的”；B選項careless“粗心的；無憂無慮的”；C選項indifferent“冷淡的；不關心的”D選項cold“冷淡的，不熱情的”。句意：他對別人的態(tài)度漠不關心。beindifferentto是固定搭配，表示“對…漠不關心”，因此C項正確。

10.寫作題

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

11.單選題

Therealitydoesnotalways（

）toone’sexpectations.

問題1選項

A.contribute

B.add

C.amount

D.correspond

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contribute“貢獻；出力”；B選項add“增加”；C選項amount“總計；合計；等于”；D選項correspond“符合；相應”。句意：現(xiàn)實并不總是盡如人意。句中的reality“現(xiàn)實”和expectation“期望”之間應有的關系是“符合”，因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

問題1選項

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty傷亡人員；critics評論家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亞馬遜雨林中減少焚燒的直接受益者之一是栗子工業(yè)：通過給栗樹授粉，使栗子發(fā)育的昆蟲往往會被煙霧趕走。根據(jù)冒號后的內(nèi)容可判斷空格處應填一個正面的積極詞匯，故D項正確。

13.單選題

Thosewhoareunder18arenot（

）tojointhisclub.

問題1選項

A.available

B.legitimate

C.capable

D.eligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。available意為“可獲得的”；legitimate意為“合法的，合理的”；capable意為“有能力的”；eligible意為“合適的”。

句意：18歲以下的人加入這個俱樂部是違法的。

14.單選題

Youmustn'tallowyourworktobecomesloppy,butratheryoushouldtrytoimproveit.

問題1選項

A.falloff

B.comeoff

C.putoff

D.wearoff

【答案】A

【解析】動詞短語辨析。句意:你不應該讓你的工作水平下滑，而應當努力提高。、

falloff:下降，降低。comeoff:舉行，達到效果。Putoff：推遲，延遲。Wearoff:麿損，逐漸消逝。sloppy:馬虎的，草率的，粗心的。故A與原文相符。

15.填空題

Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.（）.

Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.（）.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare（i）youyourself,（ii）yourinsurancecompany,and（iii）anybodyelseforexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.（）.

AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard（keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.

Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.（）.YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.IfyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensivelikeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.

Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatallprovidedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.（）.Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.

【答案】1.G

2.C

3.E

4.D

5.A

【解析】1.第一段列舉了一些可能發(fā)生的危險的例子，比如房子燒毀，地板被老鼠和甲蟲吃掉等。此空作為第一段的最后一句，G項“一切都有可能發(fā)生，”與第一句呼應。

2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保險是強制性的?？芍酉聛淼膬?nèi)容會講到強制性的保險。而C項正好是一個強制性保險的例子。故C項正確。

3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保險只是為了保護道路使用者免受他人的傷害?！笨芍@種保險有局限性，E項中的comprehensive與原文中的only很自然地形成對比。故E項正確。句意：如果你想為可能發(fā)生在你或你的車身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保，你可以買一份綜合保險。

4.上文提到Lloyd's是一個6000人組成的團體，并且受委員會管制。故空格處如果填D項“Lloyd's不是一般意義上的保險公司，而是一個保險市場，你不能直接和它做生意?！蹦芘c上下文自然地銜接。

5.空前提到“只要你繳納保險費，Lloyd's會保護你的一切危險。”接下來空格后舉例“小丑可能會為他的鼻子買保險”。而A項“鋼琴家會為他們的手買保險”正好與下文的例子構成并列關系，并且是對上文的論證。故A項正確。

16.單選題

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

問題1選項

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.explicitly

D.exceptionally

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項extravagantly“揮霍無度地”；B選項empirically“以經(jīng)驗為主地”；C選項explicitly“明確地，明白地”；D選項exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根據(jù)關鍵詞“l(fā)aw法律”和“stated被表明，被解釋”，可知“明確地”符合題意，句意為：有關醉酒駕駛的法律規(guī)定得很清楚。故正確答案選C。

17.翻譯題

作為中國歷史上一個文化與智慧迅速擴張的時代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個時代被譽為中國思想的黃金時期和百家爭鳴的時期，它見證了不同思想學派的興起。

不少起源于這個時代的中國古典著作直到今日對中國人的生活方式和社會意識還有著深遠的影響。這個時代的知識型社會以流動的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國家的君主任用為顧問，針對治國之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對國人生活最具有長遠影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學者學派，其文學遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會奠定了基礎，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻，宣揚“人性本善”。

中國同樣見證了國學思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說中的圣人老子和莊子所構建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個人而不是社會中的個人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個人的生活目標應該是調(diào)整自我來適應自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時期和2200年前的戰(zhàn)國時期，2400年前，諸子百家的出現(xiàn)以及他們的倡導者老子和孔子都在世界哲學史的發(fā)展過程中占據(jù)了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

18.單選題

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

問題1選項

A.beingthere

B.shouldtherebe

C.therewas

D.therehavingbeen

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結構和選項，可知空格中應填入虛擬條件句，因為省略if，所以應使用倒裝，選項C和D可排除。根據(jù)句意可知，句子是對將來的虛擬，主句形式為should/could/would/might+動詞原形，從句形式為should+動詞原形。句意：如果突然發(fā)出很大的聲音，這些動物很可能會受到驚嚇。因此選項B符合題意。

19.填空題

UnemploymentintheWest:Thequestforjobs

Itisnot（1）forpoliticianstoreducetheWest'sfrighteninglyhighunemploymentlevels.

ALITTLFgeographicalimaginationhelpstoconveythescaleofjoblessnessintheWest.Ifthe44mpeoplewhoare（2）inthemainlyrichmembersoftheOECDlivedinonecountry,itspopulationwouldbesimilarto（3）.InSpainitself,whichhastheWest'shighestjoblessrate(21%),thenumberofpeople（4）workmatchesthecombinedpopulationofMadridandBarcelona.InAmericathe14mpeopleofficiallyjoblesswould（5）thefifth-most-populousstateintheunion.Andinthe11m“underemployed”,whoareworkinglessthantheywouldlike,anditisthesizeofTexas.

Thelandscapeisnotuniformlybleak.Germany,forexample,nowhasa（6）joblessratethanbeforethefinancialcrisis.Butinmostoftherichworldthe（7）ofpeopleunemployed,thoughdownabitfromitspeakin2009,（8）stillalarminglyhigh,evenasfearsmountthatseveralcountriesmaybeslippingbackintorecession.Andthehumancostoftheeconomiccrisisispaidlargely（9）thosewhoareoutofwork,forjoblessnessincreasesdepression,divorce,substanceabuseandprettymucheverythingthatcango（10）inalife.

Worse,today'sjoblessnessisaparticularlydangeroussort.Adisproportionateshareofthoseoutofworkarcyoung,andyouthunemploymentleavesmorescars,intermsoflowerfuturewagesandgreaterlikelihoodoffutureunemployment.

【答案】1.impossible

2.unemployed

3.Spain’s

4.without

5.form

6.lower

7.number

8.is

9.by

10.wrong

【解析】1.詞匯題。該處句型為:Itis...forsb.todosth.,因此應填入一個形容詞。根據(jù)文章可推測,此處句意為:對于政客們來說，降低西方國家令人為之恐懼的高失業(yè)率并不是不可能。