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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題
Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.
Inthechaosoftoday'smediaandtechnologybrawl—iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD—wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it'sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit'sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.(1)Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfotechisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.
Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday'sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.(2)SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn'texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.
It'snosurprise,ofcourse.(3)Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision'sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.
(4)Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople~over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.
Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumers.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe'dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe'reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.
(5)NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.B.White,whoin1938wrote,"Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure."Westilldon'tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.
ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese
【答案】(1)當(dāng)你設(shè)法弄清消費(fèi)信息技術(shù)將向何處發(fā)展以及這對(duì)社會(huì)意味著什么時(shí),要記住這個(gè)重要的核心事實(shí):人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。
(2)就像其他每個(gè)消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司做的那樣,索尼公司在最近的消費(fèi)類電子產(chǎn)品展會(huì)上推出大量產(chǎn)品,這些產(chǎn)品是用來把網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻放到電視上。在同時(shí)舉行的麥客世界展會(huì)上,蘋果公司總栽史蒂夫?喬布斯推出具有同樣功能的蘋果電視。
(3)從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在,基本而明顯的事實(shí)是處理器的功能不斷提高和帶寬的不斷增大,而預(yù)言家們已經(jīng)自信地預(yù)測(cè)了這一天。正如他們自信地預(yù)言它的含義:傳統(tǒng)的電視節(jié)目會(huì)被替代。
(4)實(shí)際情況卻正好相反。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代有其他多種選擇,我們美國(guó)人如今看的無聊電視卻比以往任何時(shí)候都多,這就說明了問題。
(5)關(guān)于電視,沒有人比著名的《紐約人》雜志評(píng)論家E.B.懷特的評(píng)價(jià)更恰當(dāng)。他在1938年寫道:“我們的好壞將取決于電視,這一點(diǎn)我敢肯定?!?/p>
2.單選題
DuringtheinitialstagesofinstructedL2acquisitionstudentslearnacouplethousand,mainlyhighfrequencywords.Functionallanguageproficiency,however,requiresmasteryofaconsiderablylargernumberofwords.Itisthereforenecessaryattheintermediateandadvancedstagesoflanguageacquisitiontolearnalargevocabularyinashortperiodoftime.Thereisnotenoughtimetocopythenatural(largelyincidental)L1wordacquisitionprocess.Incidentalacquisitionofthewordsisonlypossibleuptoapoint,because,onaccountoftheirlowfrequency,theydonotoccuroftenenoughintheL2learningmaterial.
AcquisitionofnewwordsfromauthenticL2readingtextsbymeansofstrategiessuchascontextualdeductionisalsonotasolutionforanumberofreasons.Thereappearstobenoalternativetointentionallearningofagreatmanynewwordsinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Thewordstobelearnedmaybepresentedinisolationorincontext.Presentationinbilingualwordlistsseemsanattractiveshortcutbecauseittakeslesstimethancontextualpresentationandyieldsexcellentshorttermresults.Longtermretention,however,isoftendisappointingsocontextualpresentationseemsadvisable.
AnysuggestionsonhowtoimplementthisinpedagogiccontextsshouldbebasedonasystematicanalysisofthetwomostimportantaspectsoftheL2wordlearningproblem,thatistosay,selectingtherelevantvocabulary(whichandhowmanywords)andcreatingoptimalconditionsfortheacquisitionprocess.Thisarticlesetsouttodescribeacomputerassistedwordacquisitionprogramme(CAVOCA)whichtriestodopreciselythis:theprogrammeoperationalizescurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisition,anditscontentsarebasedonasystematicinventoryofthevocabularyrelevantforthetargetgroup.Toestablishitsefficiency,theprogrammewascontrastedinanumberofexperimentalsettingswithapairedassociatedmethodoflearningnewwords.Theexperimentalresultssuggestthatanapproachcombiningthetwomethodsismostadvisable.
36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.
37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.
38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?
39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.
40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabulary
B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywords
C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetence
D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttime
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.presentationinbilingualwordlists
B.contextualpresentation
C.presentationinisolation
D.attractivepresentation
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.ofteaching
B.practical
C.following
D.difficult
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.selecttherelevantvocabulary
B.createoptimalconditions
C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruse
D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabulary
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition
B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisition
C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition
D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisition
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
36.FromwhattheauthorsaidinParagraph1,wecaninferthat______.36.從作者在第一段所說的,我們可以推斷______。
A.L2studentsshouldmakefulluseofincidentalacquisitionofthewordstoenlargetheirvocabularyA.第二語言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來擴(kuò)大詞匯量
B.advancedstudentsshouldmasteratleastacouplethousandhighfrequencywordsB.高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯
C.advancedstudentsshouldacquirealargernumberofwordssoastoimprovetheirfunctionallanguagecompetenceC.高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握大量的詞匯,以提高其功能語言能力
D.itisimpossibleforL2studentstomasteralargernumberofwordsinashorttimeD.第二語言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】定位至文章第一段,從第二句“功能語言熟練需要掌握大量的單詞”,以及第三句“因此,在語言習(xí)得的中高級(jí)階段,有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”,可知,中高級(jí)學(xué)生在語言習(xí)得階段,必須掌握大量的詞匯,而功能語言也需要掌握大量單詞;綜合理解可推斷,中高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握大量的詞匯來提高功能語言能力。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)定位第一段最后一句“偶然習(xí)得這些單詞只有在一定程度上是可能的,因?yàn)樗鼈兂霈F(xiàn)的頻率很低”,可推斷A項(xiàng)“第二語言學(xué)生應(yīng)充分利用詞匯的偶然習(xí)得來擴(kuò)大詞匯量”是錯(cuò)誤的,反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)在文中只是提到“學(xué)習(xí)大量詞匯”,“高級(jí)學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握至少兩千個(gè)高頻詞匯”中的具體數(shù)字無法從文中推斷,無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“第二語言的學(xué)生不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量的單詞”中的impossible使用太絕對(duì),而且也與原文相反,反向干擾。
37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
37.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystomasteralargernumberofvocabularyforacomparativelylonglimemayfallon______.37.在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握大量詞匯最有效的方法之一可能是______。
A.presentationinbilingualwordlistsA.使用雙語單詞表
B.contextualpresentationB.情境呈現(xiàn)
C.presentationinisolationC.孤立地呈現(xiàn)
D.attractivepresentationD.吸引人的表達(dá)方式
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】第二段主要描述的是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的各種方法及其可行性,根據(jù)第二段最后一句“……情境呈現(xiàn)似乎是可取的(contextualpresentationseemsadvisable)”,綜合理解可知,contextualpresentation(情境呈現(xiàn))在掌握大量詞匯上是可行的。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)定位至第二段最后兩句“用雙語單詞列表展示似乎是一個(gè)很有吸引力的捷徑,因?yàn)樗惹榫吵尸F(xiàn)花費(fèi)的時(shí)間更少,而且能產(chǎn)生優(yōu)秀的短期效果。然而,長(zhǎng)期留存率往往令人失望……”,從最后一句的however轉(zhuǎn)折可知,“使用雙語單詞表”不是一個(gè)有效的辦法,該項(xiàng)反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“孤立地呈現(xiàn)”雖然在第二段有提到,但是并沒有講述它是否是一個(gè)有效的辦法,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“吸引人的表達(dá)方式”沒有提及,無中生有。
38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
38.Whatdoestheword“pedagogic”inParagraph3mean?38.第三段中的“pedagogic”是什么意思?
A.ofteachingA.教學(xué)的
B.practicalB.實(shí)際的
C.followingC.接著的
D.difficultD.困難的
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pedagogic定位至第三段第一句“任何關(guān)于如何在pedagogic情境中(inpedagogiccontexts)實(shí)施這一方法的建議,都應(yīng)以第二語言詞匯學(xué)習(xí)問題的兩個(gè)極其重要的方面進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地分析為基礎(chǔ)”,其中pedagogic是修飾contexts(情境);這一句是對(duì)上一段的銜接,上一段是討論了各種單詞習(xí)得的方法,最后得出“情境呈現(xiàn)(contextualpresentation)似乎是可取的”,而與情境呈現(xiàn)相關(guān)的是教學(xué),所以推測(cè)pedagogic指“教學(xué)的”的意思。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“實(shí)際的”、C選項(xiàng)“接著的”和D選項(xiàng)“困難的”屬于曲解原文。
39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
39.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,theCAVOCAprogrammeaimsto______.39.根據(jù)第三段,CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是______。
A.selecttherelevantvocabularyA.選擇適中的詞匯量
B.createoptimalconditionsB.創(chuàng)造最佳條件
C.bringcurrenttheoreticalthinkingaboutwordacquisitiontoabetteruseC.使當(dāng)前關(guān)于詞匯習(xí)得的理論思維得到更好的應(yīng)用
D.findoutthebestapproachtoenlargeL2students’vocabularyD.找出擴(kuò)大第二語言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】首先定位至文章第三段,第二句對(duì)CAVOCA有描述“本文主要介紹一種努力實(shí)現(xiàn)這一想法的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助單詞學(xué)習(xí)軟件(CAVOCA),其操作原理就是單詞學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)行理論,內(nèi)容就是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的目錄,涵蓋了那些學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)象需要的詞匯”,其中“這一想法”指的是第一句提到的“確定較為適中的詞匯量(哪些以及有多少單詞)并制定學(xué)習(xí)過程中的最優(yōu)條件”,綜合理解可知,CAVOCA的目的就是實(shí)現(xiàn)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”這兩種方法,而這兩種屬于單詞習(xí)得的現(xiàn)行理論。綜上所述,可以推斷出CAVOCA計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是使當(dāng)前這兩種詞匯習(xí)得理論思維得以應(yīng)用。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“選擇適中的詞匯量”和B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造最佳條件”都不全面,以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“找出擴(kuò)大第二語言學(xué)生詞匯量的最佳方法”表述不正確,CAVOCA計(jì)劃是使詞匯習(xí)得的兩種理論辦法成為可行,而不是“找出辦法”,該項(xiàng)曲解原文。
40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
40.Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe______.40.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是______。
A.ComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionA.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得
B.AnAbstractofComputerAssistedSecondLanguageVocabularyAcquisitionB.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要
C.ASystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionC.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法
D.AnAbstractofSystematicApproachtoImproveVocabularyAcquisitionD.提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】首先,定位首段和末段的核心句,首段第三句“在語言習(xí)得的中高級(jí)階段,有必要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)大量的詞匯”,以及末段最后一句“實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,兩種方法相結(jié)合的方法是最合適的”,可知該篇文章講述的是提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法;另外第二段對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的有效辦法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的描述,所以文章的主旨就是“提高詞匯習(xí)得的方法”。根據(jù)第三段第二句“本文(Thisarticlesetsoutto)描述了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助詞匯習(xí)得程序……”,可知,這篇文章是在介紹另外一篇文章,所以推斷這是一篇文章的摘要。綜合理解可知,D選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法摘要”最適合文章標(biāo)題。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得”和B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)輔助第二語言詞匯習(xí)得研究摘要”概括不全面,以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“提高詞匯習(xí)得的系統(tǒng)方法”對(duì)文章體裁表述不正確,曲解原文。
3.單選題
Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.torrent
B.transient
C.tensile
D.textured
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。torrent急流,激流;transient短暫的;tensile可伸長(zhǎng)的,可拉長(zhǎng)的;textured起紋理的,質(zhì)地不平的。能與feelingofdepression搭配的只有B項(xiàng)。句意:她很悲傷,但是她相信這種悲傷的感覺只是短暫的。故B項(xiàng)正確。
4.翻譯題
假如預(yù)期實(shí)際油價(jià)的上漲幅度將超過替代資產(chǎn)的回報(bào)率,生產(chǎn)者會(huì)把石油留在地下不開采。因此決定當(dāng)前價(jià)格的,是預(yù)期的未來價(jià)格。最重要的推動(dòng)因素是新興國(guó)家(尤其是中國(guó))需求的預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)情況,以及對(duì)替代能源供應(yīng)的擔(dān)憂。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速增長(zhǎng)及其資源高度密集型的增長(zhǎng)方式,是最重要的因素。
【答案】
Producerswillleaveoilinthegroundiftheriseinrealoilpricesisexpectedtobefasterthanthereturnonthealternativeassets.Whatdeterminesthecurrentpricethenistheexpectedfutureprice.Themostimportantstimulationshavebeentheprospectivegrowthinthedemandofemergingcountries,particularlyChina,andgloomaboutalternativesourcesofsupply.China’srapidandhighlyresource-intensivegrowthisthemostimportantfactor.
5.單選題
Virtuallyunknownadecadeago,bigonlineteachereducationprogramsnowdwarftheirtraditionalcompetitors,outstripping(超過)eventhelargeststateuniversityteachers’colleges.
AUSATODAYanalysisofnewlyreleasedU.S.DepartmentofEducationdatafindsthatfourbiguniversities,operatingmostlyonline,havequicklybecomethelargesteducationschoolsintheUSA.Lastyearthefour—threeofwhichareforprofit—awardedonein16bachelor’sdegreesandpost-graduateawardsandnearlyonein11advancededucationawards,includingmaster’sdegreesanddoctorates.
Adecadeago,thefor-profitUniversityofPhoenixawarded72educationdegreestoteachers,administratorsandotherschoolpersonnelthroughitsonlineprogram,accordingtofederaldata.Lastyear,itawardednearly6,000degrees,morethananyotheruniversity.
Traditionalcollegesstillproducemostofthebachelor’sdegreesinteaching—ASUtoppedthelistwith979bachelor’sdegreesin2011.ButonlineschoolssuchasPhoenixandWaldenUniversityawardedthousandsmoremaster’sdegreesthaneventhetoptraditionalschools,allofwhicharepushingtoofferonlinecoursework.
“Weshouldn’tbesurprisedbecausethewholeindustryismovinginthatdirection,”saidRobertPianta,deanoftheUniversityofVirginia’sCurrySchoolofEducation.“ThethingIwouldbeinterestedinknowingisthedegreetowhichtheyaresimplypushingthesethingsoutinordertogeneratedollarsorwhetherthere’ssomerealinnovationsinthere.”
For-profituniversitieshavebeenthesubjectofintensescrutinyinCongress.TomHarkin,D-Iowa,whochairstheSenateHealth,Education,LaborandPensionsCommittee,lastweekreleasedfindingsfromatwo-yearinvestigationshowingthattheycostmorethancomparablenot-for-profitschoolsandhavehigherdropoutrates.For-profits,theinvestigationfound,enrollabout10%ofU.S.collegestudentsbutaccountfornearly50%ofstudentloandefaults.
Onlineeducationschools,manyofwhichhaveopen-enrollmentpoliciessimilartocommunitycolleges,saytheirofferingsarehighquality.
JanetWilliams,interimassociatedeanforeducatorlicensureprogramsatWalden’sRichardW.RileyCollegeofEducation&Leadership,saidherstudent-teachersmustundergoafullsemesterinareal-liveK-12schoolasa“demonstrationteacher,”pairedwithamasterteacherandsupervisorintheschooldistrict.
MeredithCurley,deanoftheUniversityofPhoenixCollegeofEducation,saidmanystudentsarereturningtocompletetheireducationafterstartingfamiliesandchangingcareers.Theiraverageageis33,shesaid,andmanyworkwhiletheyattendclasses.BeckyLodewyck,Phoenix’sassociatedean,saidteachingcandidatesmustcompleteatleast100hoursoffieldexperience.Shesaidonlineclassesare“incrediblydynamic”andhavethepotentialtoholdstudentsmoreaccountablethanface-to-faceclasses.“Youcan’thide,”shesaid.“Everyoneparticipates—everyonehastobefullyengagedinthework.”
6.Whatcanweknowaboutthefourbiguniversitiesthatmainlyoperateonline?
7.Thefor-profitUniversityofPhoenix_____.
8.WhatwasRobertPiantainterestedin?
9.WhatwasshowedinthefindingsreleasedbyTomHarkin?
10.AccordingtoBeckyLodewyck,studentsinonlineclasses_____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.TheyhaveanimportantpositionineducationintheUS.
B.Theyhavebecomethelargestfor-profitschoolsinAmerica.
C.TheyfocusondevelopingadvancededucationintheUS.
D.Theyawardmostofthebachelor’sdegreesinteaching.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.becamethelargestonlineeducationuniversity
B.madegreatprofitfromitsonlineprogram
C.enlargedthescaleofitsonlineeducation
D.surpassedthetraditionaluniversitiesinscale
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Whethertheexpandedonlineschoolshavesomerealinnovation.
B.Whetherstudentscanlearnsomethingnewfromthoseonlineschools.
C.Whetherthoseonlineschoolscangetabigprofitfromexpansion.
D.Whethertheonlineschoolswillmoveinthesamedirection.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Studentsinnot-for-profitschoolsaremuchmorelikelytodropout.
B.Manystudentsinfor-profitsschoolscannotpayforstudentloan.
C.Ittakestwoyearstoinvestigatethedropoutratesinfor-profitsschools.
D.For-profitsschoolshavehigherenrollmentratethannot-for-profitschools.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.havechangedcareersbeforetheireducation
B.completeatleast100hoursoffieldexperience
C.haveastrongersenseofresponsibility
D.havetodevotethemselvesintotheirstudies
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】6.判斷推理,第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第二段最后一句awardedonein16bachelor’sdegreesandpost-graduateawardsandnearlyonein11advancededucationawards,includingmaster’sdegreesanddoctorates.(在16個(gè)學(xué)士學(xué)位和研究生學(xué)位獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)中有1個(gè)被授予,在11個(gè)高等教育獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)中有近1個(gè)被授予,包括碩士學(xué)位和博士學(xué)位),十一份高等教育學(xué)歷就有一張是四大機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)的,第二步,尋找上下文線索,上下文都是在說四大機(jī)構(gòu)所集中的領(lǐng)域都是大學(xué)教育范圍,所以C選項(xiàng)“他們專注于發(fā)展美國(guó)的高等教育”正確。
A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诿绹?guó)的教育中占有重要地位”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“他們已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)最大的盈利性學(xué)校”,見正確選項(xiàng),雖然有三家機(jī)構(gòu)是盈利性質(zhì)但是還有一家不是,所以B選項(xiàng)不能選,屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“他們授予大多數(shù)的教學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位?!?,定位到第四段第一句Traditionalcollegesstillproducemostofthebachelor’sdegreesinteaching—ASUtoppedthelistwith979bachelor’sdegreesin2011.(傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)仍然提供大部分的教學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位——2011年,亞利桑那州立大學(xué)以979個(gè)學(xué)士學(xué)位高居榜首)從這里可知是傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)提供的教學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位比較多,而不是線上教育,所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,這里屬于反向干擾。
7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,第一步精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第三段第一二句話Adecadeago,thefor-profitUniversityofPhoenixawarded72educationdegreestoteachers,administratorsandotherschoolpersonnelthroughitsonlineprogram,accordingtofederaldata.Lastyear,itawardednearly6,000degrees,morethananyotheruniversity.(聯(lián)邦數(shù)據(jù)顯示,十年前,以盈利為目的的菲尼克斯大學(xué)(UniversityofPhoenix)通過其在線項(xiàng)目向教師、管理人員和其他學(xué)校工作人員頒發(fā)了72個(gè)教育學(xué)位。去年,它頒發(fā)了近6000個(gè)學(xué)位,比其他任何一所大學(xué)都多),從這里可知,十年前鳳凰大學(xué)只頒發(fā)了72個(gè)教育學(xué)位而去年頒發(fā)了6000個(gè),從這里可以看出答案選C“擴(kuò)大在線教育的規(guī)?!?;
A選項(xiàng)“成為最大的在線教育大學(xué)”,定位到第四段第二句話ButonlineschoolssuchasPhoenixandWaldenUniversityawardedthousandsmoremaster’sdegreesthaneventhetoptraditionalschools(但鳳凰城大學(xué)(PhoenixUniversity)和瓦爾登大學(xué)(WaldenUniversity)等在線商學(xué)院頒發(fā)的碩士學(xué)位甚至比頂級(jí)傳統(tǒng)商學(xué)院還要多數(shù)千人),雖然這里提到鳳凰大學(xué)超過了線下教育,但是沒有說它與瓦爾登大學(xué)誰最大,屬于曲解原文;
B選項(xiàng)“從它的在線項(xiàng)目中獲得了巨大的利潤(rùn)”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
D選項(xiàng)“在規(guī)模上超過了傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
8.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第五段最后一句話“ThethingIwouldbeinterestedinknowingisthedegreetowhichtheyaresimplypushingthesethingsoutinordertogeneratedollarsorwhetherthere’ssomerealinnovationsinthere.”(“我感興趣的是,他們?yōu)榱速嶅X而推出這些產(chǎn)品的程度,或者是否有一些真正的創(chuàng)新?!保?,第二步,綜合理解,這些在線學(xué)校能否從擴(kuò)張中獲得巨大利潤(rùn)。由這里可知羅伯特院長(zhǎng)知道這些學(xué)校推動(dòng)線上課程會(huì)賺錢,他的疑惑是線上課程的推動(dòng)是僅僅為了賺錢還是真的有創(chuàng)新概念在里面,答案選A“擴(kuò)大后的在線學(xué)校是否有一些真正的創(chuàng)新”。
B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生是否能從網(wǎng)上學(xué)校學(xué)到一些新東西”,文章沒有提及所以不選,這里屬于無中生有;
C選項(xiàng)“這些在線學(xué)校能否從擴(kuò)張中獲得巨大利潤(rùn)”,見正確選項(xiàng),所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,這里屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校是否會(huì)朝著同樣的方向發(fā)展”,文章沒有提及所以不選,這里屬于無中生有。
9.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第六段最后一句For-profits,theinvestigationfound,enrollabout10%ofU.S.collegestudentsbutaccountfornearly50%ofstudentloandefaults.(調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),營(yíng)利性機(jī)構(gòu)招收了大約10%的美國(guó)大學(xué)生,但卻造成了近50%的學(xué)生貸款違約)。第二步,綜合理解,10%的學(xué)生占了50%的貸款違約率,由此可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“許多盈利性學(xué)校的學(xué)生不能支付學(xué)生貸款”。
A選項(xiàng)“非營(yíng)利性學(xué)校的學(xué)生退學(xué)的可能性更大”,定位到第六段第二句lastweekreleasedfindingsfromatwo-yearinvestigationshowingthattheycostmorethancomparablenot-for-profitschoolsandhavehigherdropoutrates.(上周公布的一項(xiàng)為期兩年的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,這些學(xué)校的成本高于類似的非營(yíng)利性學(xué)校,輟學(xué)率也更高),這些機(jī)構(gòu)(指盈利性機(jī)構(gòu))比非盈利性輟學(xué)率高,由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“花了兩年時(shí)間調(diào)查營(yíng)利性學(xué)校的輟學(xué)率”,見A選項(xiàng),這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的目的是對(duì)比盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利學(xué)校的區(qū)別,調(diào)查的目的不是為了研究輟學(xué)率,這里屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“盈利性學(xué)校的入學(xué)率高于非盈利性學(xué)?!?,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
10.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第九段第三句話BeckyLodewyck,Phoenix’sassociatedean,saidteachingcandidatesmustcompleteatleast100hoursoffieldexperience.(鳳凰大學(xué)的副院長(zhǎng)貝克爾?洛德維克(BeckyLodewyck)說,教學(xué)候選人必須完成至少100小時(shí)的實(shí)地試驗(yàn)),由此可知答案選B“完成至少100小時(shí)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。
A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诮邮芙逃耙呀?jīng)改變了職業(yè)”,定位到第九段第一句話MeredithCurley,deanoftheUniversityofPhoenixCollegeofEducation,saidmanystudentsarereturningtocompletetheireducationafterstartingfamiliesandchangingcareers.(鳳凰城大學(xué)教育學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)梅雷迪思?柯利(MeredithCurley)表示,許多學(xué)生在成家和轉(zhuǎn)行后重返校園完成學(xué)業(yè)),這句話雖然正確但是不是貝克爾說的,這里屬于張冠李戴;
C選項(xiàng)“有更強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感”,定位到第九段第四句hesaidonlineclassesare“incrediblydynamic”andhavethepotentialtoholdstudentsmoreaccountablethanface-to-faceclasses.(他說,網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程“令人難以置信地充滿活力”,比面對(duì)面的課程更有可能讓學(xué)生負(fù)起責(zé)任來),根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞havethepotential可知這只是貝克爾的一個(gè)推測(cè),并沒有實(shí)際的依據(jù)說明上網(wǎng)課能讓學(xué)生有更強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感,這里屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“必須全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)中去”,定位到最后一段最后一句話“Youcan’thide,”shesaid.“Everyoneparticipates—everyonehastobefullyengagedinthework.”(“你躲不掉的,”她說?!懊總€(gè)人都參與——每個(gè)人都必須全身心地投入工作。)這只是貝克爾的一種推斷,她覺得每個(gè)人不得不全身心投入工作,但是她沒有實(shí)際的事例或者實(shí)驗(yàn)來支持她這一說法,雖然B、D選項(xiàng)都是出自貝克爾之口,但是前者描述的是一種基本事實(shí),后者則是她自己的主觀臆斷,所以D選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文,不能選。
6.單選題
Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnot()fortheelectionofsucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.reasonable
B.ripe
C.ready
D.practical
【答案】B
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。reasonable明理的,
理智的;ripe成熟的;ready準(zhǔn)備好的;practical實(shí)際的,
現(xiàn)實(shí)的。根據(jù)前面的time可知,這里指時(shí)機(jī)不成熟。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。句意:輿論認(rèn)為,選舉像瓊斯先生這樣激進(jìn)的候選人的時(shí)機(jī)還不成熟。
7.單選題
Theattorneywantedto(
)theprocess,asherclientwasbecomingimpatient.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.expedite
B.evaluate
C.reverse
D.justify
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。expedite“加快進(jìn)展,迅速完成”;evaluate“評(píng)價(jià),估價(jià)”;reverse“顛倒,掉換”;justify“為…辯護(hù),對(duì)…做出解釋”;根據(jù)句意‘律師想(
)進(jìn)度,因?yàn)樗目蛻糇兊貌荒蜔┝恕!_定A選項(xiàng)“加快進(jìn)展,迅速完成”符合題意。
8.單選題
Weallnotedthatonly“naturalborn”citizensareeligibleforthePresidency.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.registered
B.qualified
C.withheld
D.special
【答案】B
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.registered已登記的B.qualified有資格的;能勝任的
C.withheld(be~)被拒絕(動(dòng)詞過去分詞)D.special特殊的
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析
【解題思路】原文語義為“我們都注意到,只有‘自然出生的’公民____擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)”,原詞eligible“符合條件的;有資格的”,B選項(xiàng)qualified“有資格的;能勝任的”最符合原文。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義。
【句意】我們都注意到,只有“自然出生的”公民才有資格擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)。
9.單選題
Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Allrespondentswereafraidofmakingahighexpenseclaim.
B.Anumberofrespondentsgaveanaverageanswerof400miles.
C.Over10%oftherespondentsliedaboutthedistancetheydrove.
D.Mostoftherespondentsgotcompensatedfordriving384miles.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyrespondedtocolleagues’suspicion.
B.Theycaredaboutotherpeople’sclaims.
C.Theywantedtoprotecttheirreputation.
D.Theyendeavoredtoactuallybehonest.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theyseempositive.
B.Theyareintuitive.
C.Theyareillustrative.
D.Theyareconclusive.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:B
【解析】RecordingTwo
Now,believeitornot.Peoplesometimeslieinordertomaintainagood,honestreputation—evenifithurtsthemtodoso.Atleast,thisiswhatateamofscientistsissuggesting,withevidencetoproveit.
Picturethisscenario:Youoftendriveforworkandcanbecompensatedforupto400milespermonth.Mostpeopleatyourcompanydriveabout300mileseachmonth.Butthismonth,youdrove400miles.Howmanymilesdoyouthinkyou’dclaiminyourexpensereport?
Thescientistsaskedthisexactquestionaspartofthestudywe’rediscussingtoday.Withsurprisingresults,[19]theyfoundthat12%ofrespondentsreportedthedistancetheydroveaslessthantheactualfigure,givinganaverageanswerof384miles.Inotherwords,theyliedabouttheirnumberofmiles,eventhoughtheywouldforfeitmoneytheywereowed.
Theresearchersbelievethiswastoseemhonest,withtheassumptionbeingthatotherswouldbesuspiciousofahighexpenseclaim.Butwhywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetriment?Theresearchersexplainedthatmanypeoplecareagreatdealabouttheirreputationandhowthey’llbejudgedbyothers.Iftheycareenough,theyconcernedaboutappearinghonestandnotlosingtheirrespectofothers,maybegreaterthantheirdesiretoactuallybehonest.
Theresearchersassertthattheyfindanewsuggestthatwhenpeopleobtainveryfavorableoutcomes,theyanticipateotherpeople’ssuspiciousreactionsandpreferlyingandappearinghonesttotellingthetruthandappearingasselfishliars.
Sowhyisthisresearchimportant?Well,expertsgenerallyagreedtherearetwomaintypesoflie,selfishliarsandliarsthataremeanttobenefitothers.Thefirst,asyoumaypredict,isforselfishgain,suchassubmittingafraudulentclaimtoaninsurancecompany;whilethesecondinvolveslyingtohelpothersornotoffendothers,forexample,tellingafriendwhoseoutfityoudon’tlikethattheylookgreat.
Buttheresearchersaresuggestingathirdtypeoflying:[20]lyingtomaintainagoodreputation.Nowthishypothesisisnewandsomeskepticsarguethatthisisn’tawholenewcategoryoflie.[21]Butthefindingsseemintuitivetome.Afterall,oneofthemainmotivationsforlyingistoincreaseourworthintheeyesofothers,soitseemshighlylikelythatpeoplewilllietoseemhonest.
19.Whatdidtheteamofscientistfindintheirstudy?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)在他們的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?錄音中提到,他們(科學(xué)家們)發(fā)現(xiàn)12%的受訪者報(bào)告的行駛距離比實(shí)際數(shù)字要少,給出的平均答案是384英里。換句話說,他們(受訪者)在里程數(shù)上撒了謊。C選項(xiàng)“超過10%的受訪者在開車的距離上撒了謊”與錄音原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“所有的受訪者都害怕提出高額的費(fèi)用報(bào)銷”表述過于絕對(duì),錄音中說的是12%的受訪者,因此A選項(xiàng)不正確;B選項(xiàng)“許多受訪者給出的平均答案是400英里”表述不準(zhǔn)確,這里只是12%的受訪者,并不是很多受訪者給出的答案;D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)受訪者因駕駛384英里而獲得賠償”在文中沒有提及,因此排除。
20.Whywouldpeoplefabricatenumberstotheirowndetrimentaccordingtotheresearchers?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)研究人員的說法,為什么人們會(huì)捏造對(duì)自己不利的行車?yán)飻?shù)?錄音中提到研究人員解釋說,很多人非常在意自己的聲譽(yù),以及別人會(huì)如何評(píng)價(jià)自己。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們想要保護(hù)自己的聲譽(yù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)同事的懷疑作出回應(yīng)”和B選項(xiàng)“他們關(guān)心別人的要求”利用錄音中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行干擾,實(shí)際與原文表述不符;D選項(xiàng)“他們努力做到真正的誠(chéng)實(shí)”與錄音中為了聲譽(yù)撒謊的意思恰好相反,因此不正確。
21.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheresearchers’findings?
【試題答案】B
【試題解析】題目問說話者對(duì)研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么看法?說話者說這些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎很直觀(seemintuitive),B選項(xiàng)“它們看起來很直觀”與原文表述一致,因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們看起來是積極的”;C選項(xiàng)“它們是說明性的”和D選項(xiàng)“它們是結(jié)論性的”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。
10.單選題
Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris(1)asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis(2)andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.
Tounderstandhowthis(3)hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook(4)ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery(5)dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became(6)changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers(7)prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.
Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis(8)longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,(9)puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof(10)werenolongeressentialforsurvival.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exhibited
B.displayed
C.paraded
D.revealed
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.accurate
B.inaccurate
C.comfortable
D.uncomfortable
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.transformation
B.transmission
C.transaction
D.transition
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.at
B.up
C.into
D.on
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.image
B.pledge
C.survival
D.appeal
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.restrictively
B.radically
C.practically
D.exclusively
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.and
B.or
C.but
D.so
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.immensely
B.immerse
C.imminently
D.permanent
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.was
B.were
C.is
D.are
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.hunting
B.farming
C.killing
D.penning
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:B
第7題:A
第8題:A
第9題:A
第10題:A
【解析】1
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