考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballeris（1）asamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimis（2）andhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.

Tounderstandhowthis（3）hastakenplacewemustbrieflylook（4）ourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirvery（5）dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,became（6）changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers（7）prey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.

Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,afterthis（8）longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,（9）puttoanewuse—thatofpenning,controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesof（10）werenolongeressentialforsurvival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibited

B.displayed

C.paraded

D.revealed

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.accurate

B.inaccurate

C.comfortable

D.uncomfortable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.transformation

B.transmission

C.transaction

D.transition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.up

C.into

D.on

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.image

B.pledge

C.survival

D.appeal

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.restrictively

B.radically

C.practically

D.exclusively

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.so

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.immensely

B.immerse

C.imminently

D.permanent

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.hunting

B.farming

C.killing

D.penning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exhibited“表現(xiàn)出；展覽”；B選項(xiàng)displayed“陳列；展示；表露（特點(diǎn)、素質(zhì)、情感）”；C選項(xiàng)paraded“（為使自己獲益而）展示；游行”；D選項(xiàng)revealed“透露；揭露”。句意：從生物學(xué)角度來看，現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動員______是偽裝的狩獵群體中的一員。根據(jù)語境，這里是生物學(xué)的角度顯示出現(xiàn)代足球運(yùn)動員是偽裝的狩獵者，D選項(xiàng)revealed“透露；揭露”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)accurate“準(zhǔn)確的；精確的”；B選項(xiàng)inaccurate“不準(zhǔn)確的”；C選項(xiàng)comfortable“舒服的”；D選項(xiàng)uncomfortable“不舒服的”。句意：如果他目標(biāo)______，并且得分，會享受類似獵人殺死獵物取得勝利的感覺。根據(jù)語境，這里指足球運(yùn)動員踢進(jìn)足球贏得分?jǐn)?shù)，A選項(xiàng)accurate“準(zhǔn)確的；精確的”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)變；（徹底的）變化”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“傳送；傳播”；C選項(xiàng)transaction“交易”；D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)型；（逐漸地）轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：為了理解這種______是如何發(fā)生的。根據(jù)文章第一句可知體育活動本質(zhì)上是狩獵行為的改良，所以體育活動是從狩獵行為演變而來，A選項(xiàng)transformation“轉(zhuǎn)變；（徹底的）變化”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”；B選項(xiàng)lookup“查閱；（久別后）拜訪”；C選項(xiàng)lookinto“觀察；調(diào)查；瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)lookon“看待；視作”。句意：我們必須簡略地______我們的祖先。根據(jù)語境，這里是指看看我們的祖先的具體情況，A選項(xiàng)lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)image“想象”；B選項(xiàng)pledge“諾言；抵押”；C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”；D選項(xiàng)appeal“上訴；吸引力”。句意：他們的______取決于在獵場上的成功。根據(jù)語境，這里指在獵場上成功捕到獵物讓他們生存下來，C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restrictively“限制性地”；B選項(xiàng)radically“從根本上，徹底地”；C選項(xiàng)practically“實(shí)事求是地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地，專有地”。句意：在這種壓力下，他們的整個生活方式，甚至他們的身體，都發(fā)生了______變化。根據(jù)上文，這里指成功捕獵才能存活的壓力讓我們的祖先發(fā)生了變化，以及下一句中交代的追逐、賽跑、跳高、瞄準(zhǔn)、投擲等，可知這是生活方式和身體上質(zhì)的變化，B選項(xiàng)radically“從根本上；徹底地”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)and“和”；B選項(xiàng)or“或者”；C選項(xiàng)but“但是”；D選項(xiàng)so“所以”。句意：他們成為追逐者、賽跑者、跳高者、瞄準(zhǔn)者、投擲者_(dá)_____捕食者。根據(jù)語境，這里表示并列，包含這里列出的所有身份，A選項(xiàng)and“和”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)immensely“極其地；非常地”；B選項(xiàng)immerse“使浸沒于；沉浸在”；C選項(xiàng)imminently“緊急地；迫切地”；D選項(xiàng)permanent“永恒的”。句意：然后，大約一萬年前，在經(jīng)歷了______漫長的狩獵形成時期之后，他們成為了農(nóng)民。根據(jù)語境，這里的一萬年非常久，A選項(xiàng)immensely“極其地，非常地”修飾long“長的”比較合理。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查主謂一致。句意：他們的智力提高了，這對它們以前的狩獵生活至關(guān)重要，現(xiàn)在智力又有了新的用途——圈養(yǎng)、控制和馴養(yǎng)獵物。根據(jù)主語是intelligence確定謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，根據(jù)動作發(fā)生在以前確定用一般過去時，所以A選項(xiàng)was正確，其余選項(xiàng)語法錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hunting“捕獵”；B選項(xiàng)farming“耕作”；C選項(xiàng)killing“謀殺”；D選項(xiàng)penning“用石塊鋪砌”。句意：______的風(fēng)險和不確定性不再是生存的必要條件。根據(jù)上文，捕獵是生存的必要條件，A選項(xiàng)hunting“捕獵”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Idon'tthinkthechargeforoverhaulingtheequipmentisexcessivein（

）toitssize.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.correspondence

B.equation

C.proportion

D.dimension

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。correspondence意為“一致，符合”；equation意為“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意為“份額，比例”，inproportionto意為“與……成比例，與……相稱”；dimension意為“尺寸，規(guī)模”。

句意：相對于它的尺寸來說，我認(rèn)為大修這個設(shè)備所花的費(fèi)用并不過分。

3.單選題

Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyear（）thanautomobileaccidents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sevenmoretimes

B.overseventimes

C.seventimesmore

D.seventimes

【答案】C

【解析】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)。由句意可知，吸煙對個人健康的危害如此之大，每年導(dǎo)致的死亡人數(shù)是汽車事故的7倍。而倍數(shù)的常用表達(dá)形式為：A+倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+B，由此可知，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Please（）yourremarkstothosewhichareimmediatelyrelevanttothematterinhand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.enclose

C.confess

D.confine

【答案】D

【解析】句意:涉及到與手邊事情直接相關(guān)的方面，限制你的發(fā)言。

考查動詞辨析。。restrict約束，限制；enclose封入，圍繞;confess坦白，供認(rèn)；confine限制，與介詞to搭配，構(gòu)成confinesth.to…限制于…。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Homeschoolingappearstobeagreatsuccessformiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhenoneparentishomemostofthetime.However，homeschoolingdoesnotworkininner-cityneighborhoodsbecauseparentseitherworkduringthedayoractivelylookforwork.Numerousestimatesbetween1and2millionhavebeenmaderegardingthenumberofhome-schooledchildreninthiscountry.Homeschoolingwillgrowinthefutureascoursematerialsandtutoringsystemsvastlyimprove.

Nottoomanyyearsago，learningathomemeantreadingabookanddoinghomeworkwithtutoringfromaparentoroldersibling.Today,homeshaveanoutstandingtutoravailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thistutorneverlosesitspatience，becomesupset,turnscritical,orscoldsachildforpoorperformance.Infact,thenewtutoringsystemconstantlyrecognizesgoodperformanceandprovidespraiseforprogressinlearning.Thistutoristhemultimediapersonalcomputer.Fordecades，studentshavebeenlearningviatelevisionprograms.Inrecentyears，studentshavelearnedhowtouseapersonalcomputer.NowtechnologyisbringingtogethertheInternet,video,slides，CD-ROM,andtheinteractivityofacomputertocreatemultimediapresentationsthatstudentsenjoy.

Thecostofthistutoringsystemisabout$1,200.Itcanbeusedforatleastsixyears,sotheannualcostis$200.Iftherearetwostudentsinthefamily,theannualcostdropsto$100perstudent.Inmanyhouseholds,theparentsalsousethecomputer,whichreducestheannualcostevenfurther.

Thetutoringsystemallowshomeschoolerstoexploresubjectswithoutaparentorteachertellingthemwhattodonext.Thecomputeralsoprovidesasafeenvironmentforstudentstotakerisks.Theyseeandhearimmediate,positivereinforcementeverytimetheylearnsomething.Immediate,positiveremediationalsoisavailablewhenthestudentdoesn’tfullyunderstandthelesson.Thecomputeristrulyabreakthroughinstudentlearningandinbuildingself-esteem.

Atfirst,coursewaredevelopersthoughttheyhadtoselltheirproductstocurriculumdirectors,teachercommittees,andschoolboards.Now,thesecompaniessellcoursewaredirectlytoparents.Forexample,insteadofbuyingaleather-boundeditionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica,workingparentscanpurchaseacomputerizedencyclopediafor$35orless.

Coursewarequalityandcoursematerialsimproveannuallybecauseparentsandstudentsbuyonlyhigh-qualityandmotivationalcourses.Withmillionsofhomeschoolersandotherchildrenusingthesematerials,thepricepersubjectnowvariesfrom$20to$40.Intheearlyschoolyears,oneortwocoursewaresystemsaresufficientfortheentireschoolyear.Thecoursewaremarkethasbecomeamulti-million-dollarindustryinwhichqualityincreasesandcostsdecreaseconstantly.

Studieshaveshownthatinteractivecoursewarespeedslearningby30to50percentoverconventionalteachingmethods.Lessonretentionalsoimproves.Manyhomeschoolersneedtostudyonlythreeorfourhours,leavingthemmorethanenoughtimeforextracurricularactivities.

Howwillcoursewareimpactthepublicschools?Itcaneitherbeviewedasasideshowthathasnoplaceinaschoolsystem,whichwouldbeamistake,orpublicschoolscanstudywhycoursewareandhomeschoolinghavesucceeded.Investinginoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystemshavebeenhomeschooling’skeystosuccess.Thisisexactlywhatmostpublicschoolsdonotdo，eventhoughtheyspendmorethan$300billionintaxpayers’money.Instead,theyclaimtheyhavenomoneyforoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystems.

Itshouldalsobenotedthatmosthome-schoolingparentsarenotformerteachers.Manyofthemjusthavehighschooldiplomasorhavestudiedayearortwoincommunitycolleges.Thisinformationindicatesthatcertifiedteacherswithininner-cityschoolscouldbemoresuccessfuliftheirclassroomshadoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems，andtutoringsystems.

Homeschoolingwillgrowinresponsetotheviolenceinschoolsandtotheconstantdroneofmessagesaboutpoorstudentperformance，butitcannotreplaceourpublicschoolssystemsbecausemostparentsaresimplynotavailabletoprovidehomeschooling.Itishoped,however,thatpublicschoolswillbegintoadoptthesuccessfulaspectsofhomeschooling.Insomecommunities,schooldistrictsareworkingwithhome-schoolingfamiliesonspecialclassesandextracurricularactivities.Thispartnershiphelpssolvetheproblemofovercrowdedschoolsandhelpsreducethemassivebuildingcostsassociatedwithnewschoolbuildings.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

2.ThegrowthofhomeschoolingisduetoseveralfactorsEXCEPT（）.

3.Homeschoolingwillnotreplacepublicschoolsystemsbecause（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor，publicschoolsareexpectedto（）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspublicschools?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Moderntutorsaremorepatientthanthoseinthepast.

B.Studentsarepraisedwhenevertheylearnnewthings.

C.Coursewarequalityimproveswiththehelpofparents.

D.Tutoringsystemscanhelpstudentsbuildself-esteem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tutors

B.parents

C.coursematerials

D.tutoringsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostfamiliescannotaffordthecoursematerials

B.mostparentscannotstayathomeduringtheday

C.teachersofpublicschoolsaremorequalifiedthanparents

D.publicschoolswillalsoinvestinoutstandingcoursematerials

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.studywhyhomeschoolinghassucceeded

B.workwithhomeschoolingfamilies

C.investinoutstandingcoursematerials

D.adoptsuccessfulaspectsofhomeschooling

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Optimistic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Critical.

D.Indifferent.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句，“Thecomputeristrulyabreakthroughinstudentlearningandinbuildingself-esteem.”，可知通過電腦在輔助教學(xué)系統(tǒng)上學(xué)習(xí)，對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和建立自尊確實(shí)是一個突破。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“Homeschoolingwillgrowinthefutureascoursematerialsandtutoringsystemsvastlyimprove.”，可知教材及教學(xué)系統(tǒng)是影響家庭教育的因素，排除C和D選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Today,homeshaveanoutstandingtutoravailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thistutorneverlosesitspatience…”，可知這種教學(xué)系統(tǒng)24小時在線，不會失去耐心，也是影響家庭教育增長的一個因素，排除選項(xiàng)A。父母和家庭教育的增長聯(lián)系并不大，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句，“However，homeschoolingdoesnotworkininner-cityneighborhoodsbecauseparentseitherworkduringthedayoractivelylookforwork.”，在中心城區(qū)，家庭教育并不成功，因?yàn)楦改敢窗滋旃ぷ?，要么積極地尋找工作。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Itishoped,however,thatpublicschoolswillbegintoadoptthesuccessfulaspectsofhomeschooling.”，可以期望公立學(xué)校開始采納家庭教育成功的方面。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨題。根據(jù)全文，作者首先提到課程資料和教學(xué)系統(tǒng)等方面的發(fā)展使家庭教育呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的趨勢，隨后通過學(xué)習(xí)速度、時間及出色的課程等各方面將家庭教育和傳統(tǒng)公立學(xué)校進(jìn)行了對比，家庭教育都是存在優(yōu)勢的。最后作者希望公立學(xué)校能采納家庭教育成功的方面，做一些改進(jìn)?？赏茢喑觯髡邔W(xué)校是存在批判的態(tài)度的。學(xué)校C符合題意。

6.單選題

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知everything為定語從句的先行詞，everything后面所接部分是修飾everything的定語從句；thereis結(jié)構(gòu)作“目前有的”解時，可引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，置于被修飾的名詞后面，作該從句主語的關(guān)系代詞that常常省略。

7.單選題

Inanattemptto______astrike,thetwosidesagreedtonegotiatethroughthenight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arbitrate

B.herald

C.trigger

D.avert

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.arbitrate仲裁，公斷B.herald是（某事）的前兆，預(yù)示

C.trigger引起，觸發(fā)D.avert防止，避免（危險、壞事）

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“為了______罷工，雙方同意徹夜談判”可知，空格處表示“避免，防止”符合句子前后意思。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B項(xiàng)不符合句意；

C選項(xiàng)trigger“引起，觸發(fā)”，一般和off搭配，尤指使某事突然發(fā)生，且與句子中“徹夜談判（negotiatethroughthenight）”不相配，排除。

【句意】為了避免罷工，雙方同意徹夜談判。

8.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項(xiàng)D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因?yàn)椤?。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點(diǎn)的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時候會推著堅果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住?？魑淦髭s跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“森林靈長類動物和海洋中的某些動物被用來作為動物使用工具的例子，下列哪項(xiàng)不包含在內(nèi)”。文章第二段提到動物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，還有動物用工具來準(zhǔn)備食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石頭來砸堅果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具來趕跑敵人。由此可知只有選項(xiàng)D沒有提及，符合題意。

9.單選題

The______causeofdeathtodayinBritainisheartdisease,withcancerinsecondplace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initial

B.previous

C.subsequent

D.prime

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。initial“最初的，第一的”；previous“以前的，早先的”；subsequent“隨后的”；prime“主要的，最好的”。句意：如今，英國人的主要死亡原因是心臟病，癌癥位居第二。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.寫作題

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.China’sOpportunitiesandChallengeswiththeComingofGlobalization.

2.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingdamagedbyhuman,activity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

【答案】略

11.單選題

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”；resolute“堅決的，剛毅的”；insolate“使暴曬”，insulate“隔離，使絕緣”。句意：為了安全起見，最好在電線涂上橡膠以絕緣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathinginitself.Itisn’t.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecan’tthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisn’t.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.

TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcameintobeing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.

Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Farwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearth-quakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.

Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.

ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,thendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalwouldstarve.

Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.

Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.

Inthesameway,onplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarth’slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfertilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.

Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwearandtear—asintheskinorintheintestinallining—growandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerveandmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.

Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofdie“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecalledecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheyliveonaredecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thendeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.

Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.

Inecology,thesamewouldhappeningif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyattheexpenseofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystem—mostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoftheinanimateenvironment.

Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively.

AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,whenEarth’shumanpopulationisestimatedtohavebeen150million,thatpopulationwasincreasingatratethatitwoulddoublein1000yearsifthatrateremainedsteady.Today,withEarth’spopulationestimatedatabout4000million,itisincreasingataratewhich,ifsteady,willcauseittodoublein35years.

ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth’sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.

Thecure?Justwhatitisforanycancer.Thecancerousgrowthmustsomehowbestopped.

Ofcourse,itwillbe.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthwillstop,asacancerousgrowthinamanwillstopifnothingisdone.Themandiesandthecancerdieswithit.

Howcanthehumanpopulationexplosionbestopped?Byraisingthedeathrateorbyloweringthebirthrate.Therearenootheralternatives.Thedeathratewillrisespontaneouslyandfinallycatastrophically,ifwedonothing—andthatwithinafewdecades.Tomakethebirthratefall,somehow,issurelypreferable,andthatisthereforethefirstorderofmankind’sbusinesstoday.

Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjusticeasthemassmurdereroflifegenerally,hisownincluded,andmassdisrupteroftheintricateplanetarydevelopmentthatmadelifeinitspresentglorypossibleinthefirstplace.

1.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theanalogybetweentheentireplanetandthehumanbodyisbasedonallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisNOTtrueaboutthepopulationintheworld?

4.In“Failingthis,mankindwouldstandatthebarofabstractjustice”(lastparagraph),whichofthefollowingdoes“this”referto?

5.“Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinorganism”(12thparagraph)means______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ittooktheuniverse5billionyearstoformtheearth.

B.Evaporation,condensation,solution,weatheringarefourmajorfactorsthatcontributedtotheformationoftheearth.

C.Lifeformswerefirstdevelopedindeepwaterbetween2billionand3billionyearsago.

D.Lifeisasmuch,partofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionisandinreverse,theinanimateportionoftheEarthisshapedandmodifiedbylife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarebothcomposedofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions.

B.Theyarebothenormouslyintricateandinterrelatedsystems.

C.Theyarebothmadeupof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.

D.Theiroverallgrowthmaybedisruptedifagroupofcellsoraparticulartypeoforganismbeginstogrowwithoutlimit.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Forthousandsofyears,humanpopulationhasbeenincreasinginnumber.

B.AtthetimeofJuliusCaesar,humanpopulationwasincreasingslowly.

C.Today,theEarth’spopulationisestimatedtodoublein35years.

D.Ifwedonothingatall,thegrowthoftheEarth’spopulationwillneverstop.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thehumanpopulationexplosionbeingstopped.

B.Raisingthedeathrateorloweringthebirthrate.

C.Thedeathraterisingspontaneouslyandcatastrophically.

D.Reductionofthebirthrate.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thebalancedandinterrelateddevelopmentofanorgan.

B.Thepurecostofdevelopmentwithinorganism.

C.Theveryslowdevelopmentwithinorganism.

D.Therapiddevelopmentoforganism.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，下列哪個陳述是正確的？”根據(jù)第二段第一句TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.（地球自從呈現(xiàn)目前的形狀近50億年以來，已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了一次巨大的演化）可知，50億年前地球初步形成，并非地球花了50億年才形成，A項(xiàng)“宇宙花了50億年才形成了地球”錯誤；由第三段前兩句Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.（海洋、大氣和固體地殼在形成后也不是相互獨(dú)立的?？偸怯邢嗷プ饔茫赫舭l(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化。）可知，蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化只是地球形成后海洋、大氣層以及地殼之間作用的形式，而不是地球形成的因素，B項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)，凝結(jié)，溶解，風(fēng)化是促成地球形成的四個主要因素”錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsin