考研考博-英語-南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereasonwhytheydidn'tgetanypeopletohelpthemintheworkis（）theydidn'twanttotroubleanyone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.for

C.since

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】thereasonwhy...isthat...為特定句型。所以本題選D。

2.單選題

Accordingto（）sources,theLeaningTowerofPisaistobeuprightedunderarestorationplanbytheItalianGovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformed

B.confirmed

C.informed

D.transformed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。conformed"一致的,順從的";confirmed"確定的,堅(jiān)定的"";informed"消息靈通的,見多識廣的";transformed"轉(zhuǎn)變的"。句意：據(jù)可靠消息,在意大利政府的一項(xiàng)恢復(fù)計(jì)劃中,比薩斜塔將得到修復(fù)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.單選題

Therobberwasbroughttothejudge,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hishandswerefasttied

B.hishandstobefasttied

C.hishandshavingbeenfasttied

D.hishandsfasttied

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：搶劫犯被帶到法官面前，雙手被綁得緊緊的。根據(jù)雙手被綁確定用被動語態(tài)，結(jié)合動作發(fā)生在過去，所以D選項(xiàng)hishandsfasttied正確。A選項(xiàng)hishandswerefasttied是完整的句子，語法錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)hishandstobefasttied表示動作未發(fā)生，語法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)hishandshavingbeenfasttied表示動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生，語法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

大學(xué)之所以有理由存在，是因?yàn)樗估仙賰纱嗽诟挥谙胂罅Φ膶W(xué)習(xí)中，保持了知識與生活熱情之間的聯(lián)系。大學(xué)提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，這是它應(yīng)該為社會發(fā)揮的作用。一所大學(xué)如果做不到這一點(diǎn)，就沒有理由存在。富于想象的思維可以營造出一種令人興奮的氛圍，而這種氛圍又可以轉(zhuǎn)化知識。事實(shí)不再只是純粹的事實(shí)，它被賦予了種種可能性。它不再是記憶的負(fù)擔(dān)，而是充滿活力，猶如能描繪我們夢境的詩人，能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們意圖的建筑師。

【答案】Thejustificationforauniversityisthatitpreservestheconnectionbetweenknowledgeandthezestoflife,byunitingtheyoungandtheoldintheimaginativeconsiderationoflearning.Theuniversityimpartsinformation,butitimpartsitimaginatively.Atleast,thisisthefunctionwhichitshouldperformforsociety.Auniversitywhichfailsinthisrespecthasnoreasonforexistence.Thisatmosphereofexcitement,arisingfromimaginativeconsideration,transformsknowledge.Afactisnolongerabarefact:itisinvestedwithallitspossibilities.Itisnolongeraburdenonthememory:itisenergizingasthepoetofourdreams,andasthearchitectofourpurposes.

5.單選題

Thefirststrokeguidelinestospecificallytargetwomen（）preventionearlierinlifeandrecognizeuniquefemalerisksforthedisorder,includingpregnancyandbirthcontrolpills.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglect

B.avoid

C.emphasize

D.admire

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。neglect忽視；avoid避免；emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)；admire欽佩，贊美。由“andrecognize…認(rèn)識到女性患這種疾病的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”可知___preventionearlierinlife也是積極性的內(nèi)容，C項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：第一份針對早期預(yù)防女性中風(fēng)的指南強(qiáng)調(diào)女性應(yīng)該早期預(yù)防，并認(rèn)識到女性患中風(fēng)的獨(dú)特風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，包括懷孕和避孕藥。

6.單選題

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn'tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditisaproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe“SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.Itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Attheturnofthecenturythatfiguregrewto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson’sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone’sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone’sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.Ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparents.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheaged.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren'tgettingrelatives'support?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptable.Andwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitis

unjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw:thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

1.TheMaintenanceofParentsBill（

）.

2.Byquotingthegrowingpercentagepointsoftheagedinthepopulation,theauthorseemstoimplythat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues

（

）.

5.TheauthorthinksthatiftheBillbecomeslaw,itseffectwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receivedunanimoussupportintileSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecountrywillfacemountingproblemsoftheoldinfuture

B.thesocialwelfaresystemwouldbeundergreatpressure

C.youngpeopleshouldbegivenmoremoraleducation

D.theoldshouldbeprovidedwithmeansoflivelihood

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw.

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstolookaftertheirchildren.

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking.

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwasdissatisfiedwiththeproblemsoftheold.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblems

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.contradictory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文第一句內(nèi)容"ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”可知雖說新法受到了新加坡政府的支持，但是在第二段中說了議會中有些成員反對此法，所以A選項(xiàng)‘得到了新加坡議會的一致支持’錯(cuò)誤。作者雖然介紹了此法的一些作用，但并沒有說新法將會解決貧窮老人所有的問題，所以B選項(xiàng)‘被認(rèn)為是解決所有貧困老人的問題’錯(cuò)誤。由本文倒數(shù)第二段看出新法不僅不會取代新加坡的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀，反而會在保持傳統(tǒng)美德方面起重要作用，所以C選項(xiàng)‘是為了取代新加坡的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀’錯(cuò)誤。運(yùn)用排除法確定只有D選項(xiàng)“新法能讓年輕人對自己的父母更負(fù)責(zé)任”正確。

2.推理判斷題。作者通過新加坡老齡人口比率的迅速增長來暗示這個(gè)國家將會面臨很多由人口老齡化帶來的問題。而第四段最后一句“Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)不活躍人口的比例將會下降。”表明問題已經(jīng)是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的問題了，所以A選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)國家未來將面臨越來越多的老年人問題’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文第七段第二句內(nèi)容“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.法律可以強(qiáng)迫父親撫養(yǎng)孩子。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘父親有照顧孩子的法律義務(wù)。’正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)本文倒數(shù)第二段第一句話“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.《贍養(yǎng)父母法案》的提出是為了鼓勵(lì)傳統(tǒng)美德，這些美德迄今使亞洲國家避免了其他富裕社會所遭遇的一些崩潰。”確定作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)美德會保持亞洲的獨(dú)特性，所以C選項(xiàng)‘保持亞洲的獨(dú)特性很重要’正確。

5.推理判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者認(rèn)為，如果該法案成為法律，其效果將是….’文章最后說“Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.只有在極端情況下，父母才會把孩子告上法庭。”在接下來的幾段里，作者講到贍養(yǎng)父母是個(gè)人的責(zé)任，并非社會的責(zé)任。而有些人礙于情面，不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問題。因此該議案起到了間接的作用。A選項(xiàng)‘間接的’正確。B選項(xiàng)unnoticed表示“被忽視的”；C選項(xiàng)apparent表示“明顯的”；D選項(xiàng)contradictory表示“矛盾的”。

7.單選題

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。prick意為“刺，扎，戳”；poke意為“戳，捅”；probe意為“追問，探究”；peer意為“凝視”。

句意：一個(gè)好的科學(xué)家會探究一個(gè)問題的所有方面去找到解決方案。

8.單選題

TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shockedmeabout

B.whenhewalkedintothe

C.namely

D.hadimagined.

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】人稱代詞誤用。he改為she。句中queen（女王）指的是女性。

9.單選題

Manyathletestakeextravitaminsasa______totheirdietwhentheyarepreparingforcompetition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nutrition

B.compliment

C.supplement

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。nutrition“營養(yǎng)”；compliment“恭維，稱贊”；supplement“增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充”；component“組成部分”。句意：當(dāng)為比賽做準(zhǔn)備時(shí)，許多運(yùn)動員把額外的維生素作為飲食的補(bǔ)充。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Steelisnotasas（

）castiron;itdoesnotbreakaseasily

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elastic

B.brittle

C.adaptable

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。elastic“有彈性的;靈活的;易伸縮的”；brittle“易碎的，易斷裂的”；adaptable“適合的;能適應(yīng)的”；flexible“靈活的；易彎曲的”。句意：鋼不像鑄鐵那樣脆，不容易斷裂。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Theboyfellofftheladderandbadly（

）himself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wounded

B.damaged

C.harmed

D.injured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。wound“使受傷”；damage“損害，毀壞，對有用或有價(jià)值的人或財(cái)產(chǎn)的破壞”；harm“傷害，危害，身體或心理上的損害或傷害”；injure“損害，傷害，通常指肉體上的傷害”。句意：這個(gè)男孩從樓梯上摔了下來，傷得很嚴(yán)重。只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

WhenyourpersonalwealthisgreaterthanthegrossdomesticproductofSlovakia,findinganincentivetogetoutofbedonachillyMondaymorninginSeattleisnevergoingtobeeasy.

Soit’sperhapsnogreatsurprisethatBillGates,theworld’srichestman,hasdecidedtowalkawayfromhisday-to-dayinvolvementwithMicrosoft,thebehemothheco-foundedmorethan30yearsago.

Insteadoffrettingaboutcomputercodes,the50-year-oldwillusehisobsessiveattentiontodetailtooverseehowtheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationspendsitsassetsof￡16billion.

Inabandoninghiscareeronthecuspofmiddleageanddevotingtherestofhislifetocharitablecauses,Gates—whoisworthabout￡27billionisfollowingawell-troddenpath.

Eversincetheindustrialrevolution,wealthyself-madebusinessmenandwomenhavefeltacallingtocreatealegacythatgoesbeyondaprofitandlosssheet.

【答案】當(dāng)你的個(gè)人財(cái)富超過斯洛伐克的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值時(shí)，要想找出周一早上頂著西雅圖的寒冷徹骨也要起床上班的動力，就實(shí)在不那么容易了。

因此，世界首富比爾?蓋茨（BillGates）決定不再參與30多年前他與人共同創(chuàng)辦的軟件巨頭——微軟的日常工作，也就不足為奇了。

現(xiàn)年50歲的蓋茨決定不再與軟件代碼這一類事務(wù)打交道，轉(zhuǎn)而專心致志于比爾和梅琳達(dá)?蓋茨基金會如何花費(fèi)了160億英鎊這一細(xì)節(jié)問題上。

身價(jià)270億英鎊的蓋茨在中年之際放棄了自己的事業(yè)，將余生獻(xiàn)給了慈善事業(yè)。

自工業(yè)革命以來，白手起家的富有商人們就感受到了超越追求財(cái)產(chǎn)損益表力量的召喚。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.我們清楚地認(rèn)識到，中國人口多，底子薄，城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡，資源環(huán)境約束加強(qiáng)，就業(yè)壓力增加，脫貧任務(wù)仍然很艱巨。中國已經(jīng)制定了未來五年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的藍(lán)圖，中國將堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，深化改革開放，保障民生，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

2.文化并不僅限于語言，它包含了智力、感情和感官。要知道自己的文化傾向，最準(zhǔn)確的指標(biāo)是我們的直覺反應(yīng)。語言是另一種重要指標(biāo)，因?yàn)闆]有多少人會用第二外語來表達(dá)突如其來的痛楚或愉悅；但我們也有明顯的非語言指標(biāo)，如對食物的偏愛。正因?yàn)檫@些反應(yīng)不受我們自己或別人的支配和偽裝，所以準(zhǔn)確度很高。

3.隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，人類使用化石能源創(chuàng)造了巨大的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，但同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了大量污染物和溫室氣體。全球能源、氣候變化和環(huán)境問題越來越突出，成為人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。代表們在這次會議上就這個(gè)重大戰(zhàn)略性問題交換看法，反映出本地區(qū)國家加強(qiáng)合作，應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的愿望和決心。

【答案】1.WearefullyawarethatChinaremainsadevelopingcountrywithlargepopulation,weakeconomicfoundationandunevendevelopmentamongdifferentregions.Itfacesintensifyingresourcesandenvironmentalconstraints,increasingemploymentpressureandalongbattletoeradicatepoverty.Chinahasdrawnupablueprintforitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Itwillcontinuetofollowthescientificapproachtodevelopmentandfocusonacceleratingtransformationoftheeconomicdevelopmentpattern,inordertodeepenreformandopening-up,improvepeople’slivelihoodandensurethesteady,fastandlong-termeconomicgrowthandtheharmonyofthesociety.

2.Cultureisnotjustamatteroflanguage,itinvolvestheintellect,emotionsandsenses.Ourinstinctiveresponseisthemostaccurateindicatorofthetendencyofourculture.Andlanguageisanotherimportantindicator,sincefewpeoplewouldconveytheirfeelingsofsuddenpainandpleasureinasecondlanguage.Butclearlytherearenon-linguisticindicatorstoo,forexample,ourpreferenceforfood.Sincetheseresponsescannotbedominatedandcamouflagedbyourselvesorothers,theyhaveaveryhighdegreeofaccuracy.

3.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustry,mankindhascreatedmaterialwealthbyusingfossilfuel，aswellaslotsofpollutantsandgreenhousegas.Theglobalpowersources,climatechangeandenvironmentalissuesaremoreandmoreprominentandhavebecomeachallengeforallthehumanbeings.Therepresentativesexchangetheiropinionsaboutthismajorstrategicproblematthemeeting,reflectingthedesireanddeterminationtoenhancethecooperationamongcountriesinthisregion.

14.單選題

Mrs.Jenkins,uponhearingthatherarmwasbroken,looked______atthedoctor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jovially

B.plaintively

C.fortuitously

D.opportunely

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.jovially高興地；愉快地B.plaintively哀怨地，傷心地

C.fortuitously偶然地，意外地D.opportunely及時(shí)地；恰好地

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息herarmwasbroken（她的胳膊斷了）可知，空格處填入“傷心地”符合句意。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】詹金斯太太聽到她的胳膊斷了，悲傷地看著醫(yī)生。

15.單選題

Theteacherwasinaragewithhim,forhishandwritinginthecompositionwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illegible

B.incomprehensible

C.inaudible

D.decipherable

【答案】A

【解析】illegible難以辨認(rèn)的,字跡潦草的；incomprehensible費(fèi)解的,不可思議的；inaudible聽不見的；decipherable可辨認(rèn)的,可解密的。句意：老師對他很生氣,因?yàn)樗淖魑淖舟E潦草。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.單選題

Britain’shopeofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered（）yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringpreliminarysession.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asevereset-back

B.sharpset-back

C.asevereblown-up

D.sharpblown-up

【答案】A

【解析】set-back阻礙，停止，為名詞，前面需加冠詞a，排除選項(xiàng)B；blown-up放大的，膨脹的，為形容詞，不用冠詞a修飾，排除選項(xiàng)C。句意：當(dāng)Hunter在預(yù)賽中未能晉級，英國在奧運(yùn)會上奪冠的希望昨日遭遇嚴(yán)重挫折。選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

17.單選題

Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loss

B.stake

C.danger

D.threat

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)loss“損失”；B選項(xiàng)stake“（在公司、計(jì)劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”，atstake“得失都可能；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)threat“威脅，恐嚇；兇兆”。句意：農(nóng)民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因?yàn)樗麄兠媾R著更多______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是沒有下雨的話，農(nóng)民比城市里的人面臨更多不確定因素，結(jié)合短語atstake“得失都可能；有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)stake“（在公司、計(jì)劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

（）usearlier,（）yourrequesttothefull.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Youhavecontacted...wecouldcomplywith

B.Hadyoucontacted...wecouldhavecompliedwith

C.Youhadcontacted...couldwehavecompliedwith

D.Haveyoucontacted...wecouldcomplywith

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。綜合題干和選項(xiàng)判斷，本題考查的是省略if的虛擬語氣。本題表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況，從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would/could/might/should+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.問答題

Thetextanddialoguebelow(A)focuson(B)culturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocietieswhich(C)cancreatemisunderstandingifignoring(D).

【答案】試題答案：D;ignored

【解析】考查分詞用法。ignore與其邏輯主語culturaldifference之間是被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞形成。

20.單選題

EveryU.S.Presidentmusttakeanoathtoupholdtheconstitution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ritual

B.pledge

C.option

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ritual“儀式，慣例”，B項(xiàng)pledge“保證，誓言”，C項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng)，選擇權(quán)”，D項(xiàng)position“位置，姿態(tài)，處境”。句意：每一位美國總統(tǒng)都必須宣誓維護(hù)憲法。oath在句中表示“誓言”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

21.翻譯題

今天，阿拉木圖（Alma-Ata）宣言的目標(biāo)比起25年前反而離實(shí)現(xiàn)更為遙遠(yuǎn)了。深刻的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等和社會不公正繼續(xù)拒絕給許多人提供良好的健康，繼續(xù)扮演全球持續(xù)性健康受益的障礙。全世界的國家間及國家內(nèi)部在健康成就的步伐上和等級上仍有巨大的差異。一個(gè)可能的解釋是開始于20世紀(jì)80年代作為世界銀行結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整計(jì)劃一部分的健康部門的改革還沒有顯示出改進(jìn)不平等的結(jié)果；在某些情況下，它們反而讓這些不平等更為嚴(yán)重了。

現(xiàn)在我們面臨健康研究中的四大挑戰(zhàn)：道德價(jià)值、公平和美德、可持續(xù)的健康研究體系、良好的研究環(huán)境及知識的產(chǎn)出和應(yīng)用。為了應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)，保健體系和健康研究體系兩者應(yīng)向一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的和解決問題的模式推進(jìn)，把創(chuàng)新包括在運(yùn)作之中，更好地掌握未來發(fā)展的機(jī)遇。沒有效果明顯的錦囊妙計(jì)，沒有簡單的解決方法，只是有許多事情要去學(xué)習(xí)。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Today,thegoalsofAlma-AtaDeclarationseemevenmoredistantthantheywereaquarterofacenturyago.Deepeconomicinequalitiesandsocialinjusticescontinuetodenygoodhealthtomanyandpersistasobstaclestocontinuedhealthgainsworldwide.Thereisalsogreatvariationinthepaceandlevelofhealthachievementsbothbetweenandwithincountriesaroundtheworld.Onepossibleexplanationisthathealthsectorreformsthatbeganinthelate1980saspartofthestructuraladjustmentprogrammeoftheWorldBankhavenotbeenconclusivelyshowntoimproveinequities;insomecasestheymayhaveworsenedthem.

Nowwearefacedwithfourkeychallengesforhealthresearch:valuesofethics,equityandexcellence,sustainablehealthresearchsystems,favorableresearchenvironment,andknowledgeproductionandapplication.Torisetothechallenge,healthsystemsandhealthresearchsystemstogethershouldmoveintoalearningandproblemsolvingmode,integrateinnovationintotheiroperationsandbettermanageopportunitiesforfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Therearenoquickfixes,nosimplesolutionsandmuchremainstobelearnt.

22.單選題

Hemakesan（）casethattheocean’sforgottencornershavebecometoodangeroustoneglect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eminent

B.eligible

C.eloquent

D.animated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。eminent“杰出的；有名的”；eligible“合格的；合適的”；eloquent“雄辯的；有說服力的”；animated“生機(jī)勃勃的；活躍的”。句意：他用一個(gè)______案例證明被遺忘的海洋角落已經(jīng)變得非常危險(xiǎn)，不應(yīng)該被忽視。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

23.單選題

1Formillionsofyears,BritainwaspartoftheEuropeancontinent.Ahighridgeoflimestone—nowfamouslyexposedasthechalkycliffsofDover-extendedallthewaytowhatisnowFrance,allowingmammoths,hippopotamiandeventuallyhumanstopassfreelybackandforth.Butabout450,000yearsago,thisrockyroadwascutoffbyafloodofunimaginableproportions.Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailedevidenceofhowthistorrentofdestructionwasunleashed.“They’vemanagedtoidentify...howtheridgewasbreached,”saysgeologistPhilipGibbardoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUnitedKingdom,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudy.“I'mquiteenthusiastic.”

2TheideathatenormousfloodsquicklycarvedpartsoftheEnglishChannelwasfirstproposedin1985.Atthetime,geologistAlecSmithofBedfordCollegeinLondonnoticedlarge,interweavingscourmarksonmapsoftheEnglishChannelseafloor.HerecognizedthatthepatternsoferosionresembledthoseoftheChanneledScablands,ahighlyerodedlandscape-stark,barrenandwithlittlesoil—ineasternWashingtonstateinthenorthwesternUS.Thelandscapewasformedbyfloodsfromglaciallakesthatbursttheiricydamsbetween15,000and18,000yearsago.

3SimilarglaciershaveexistedinEurope.Some450,000yearsago,amassiveicesheetspannedScandinavia,reachingdownintonorthernEuropeandmuchofwhataretodaytheBritishIsles.Hemmedinbytheicewasalargeglaciallake.Nooneknowsexactlyhowbigitwas,butitmayhavebeenseveralhundredkilometerswide,anditlikelyfilledthesouthernpartoftheNorthSea.Becausesomuchwaterwasstoredonlandasicesheets,sealevelsarethoughttohavebeenabout120meterslowerthantoday,exposingthebottomofwhatisnowtheEnglishChannel.

4Withthechalkridgeformingadamtothesouth,andtheRhineandotherriversflowingintotheglaciallake,thewaterwouldhavekeptrising.Smithproposedthatthelakewouldeventuallyhavecascadedoverthechalkcliffs.Asevidence,hepointedtolarge,deeppitsatthebaseoftheformerridge—“plungepools”thatwereformedbytheforceofthewaterfallsandlaterfilledinwithsediment.Thescourmarksonthechannelbottomwouldhavebeencarvedbyavastfloodrichindebris.Stillunknownwaswhatunleashedthedeluge.

5Thedramaticideawasthenforgottenformanyyears.“Idon'tthinkmanypeoplebelievedit,”saysSanjeevGupta,ageologistatImperialCollegeLondon.(Smith,whoretiredafewyearsafterfloatinghisidea,diedin2015.)“Ifsmith'shypothesisnowwinsgeneralacceptance,thenthedecadesofdelaywillbeoddlysimilartothedecadesittookfortheoriginoftheChanneledScablandstobeaccepted.WhenthegeologistsJTPardeeandHarlenBretzfirstarguedthatthe

Scablandsweretheproductofashortcatastrophicfloodofhugeproportions,ittookalmostfortyyearstowinovertheirfellowearthscientists.”

6NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration.WithdatafromBritish,BelgianandFrenchresearchvessels,theteamputtogetheraclearpictureofsevenplungepoolsonthechannelfloor(seemapbelow),eachnearlyakilometerwideandupto140metersdeep—evenlargerthanSmithhadestimated.“It'sclearthatthescaleisreallyfargreaterthanoriginallyimagined,”Gibbardsays,“Theplungepoolswereenormous.”

7Thewaterfallspouringfromthelakemighthavebeen50metershighortaller,Guptasays,althoughitisdifficulttoknow.Therelentlesspoundingofthecascadesmayhavespunlargeblocksofstoneinsidethepoolsatthebottom,drillingintothebedrock.Allthisdiggingmighthavefatallyweakenedtheridge,eventuallycausingittofail,GuptaandcolleaguesproposetodayinNatureCommunications.“Ithinkthey’veworkedoutanintelligentaccountofhowthismayhavehappened,”saysKimCohen,ageologistatUtrechtUniversityintheNetherlands,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.

8Itisnotyetpossibletoknowhowlongittookthewaterfallstoerodethechalkridge,Guptasays.Theonlywaytotellwouldbetocollectsamplesbydrillingintothesedimentsthatlaterfilledinthepools.Butthatisatrickyproposition,giventhebusytrafficoftheshippingchannelanditsstrongcurrents,"it’sadangerousareatodogeologicalresearchin,"saysGibbard,notingthatjustgettingthenewsubmarineimageswasanaccomplishment.

9Theimagesalsoclarifytheextentoferosionfromanotherroundofcatastrophicfloodingduringasubsequenticeage.Again,theevidenceissubmerged,becausesealevelismuchhighertoday.Butperhaps160,000yearsago—thetimingisuncertain—hugefloodsdugoutwhatisknownastheLobourgChannel,whichtheimagesrevealedtobeabout10kilometerswideand20metersdeep.Thiswasprobablythefinalbreachoftheremnantsofchalkridge,Guptasays.

10Thesetwindisastersmeanttroubleforancientcommuters.ThisisbecausetheyputtravelbetweenBritainandEuropeatthemercyofsealevel.Previously,whentheseasroseandcoveredthefloorofthechannel,thechalkridgewouldstillhavebeenpassable.Butwhenthefirstcatastrophicfloodtorethrough,Britainwascutoffforthefirsttime.(Ofcourse,whensealevelfellenough,theEnglishChannelwouldhavebeendryagainDespiteamajorriverflowingtothesouthwest,animalsandpeoplecouldpassbackandfortheasily.

11Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago.And—nowthattheUnited

KingdomhasofficiallyannounceditsintentiontosevertieswiththeEuropeanUnion--itwillbecomeevenmoreofone.

1.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,Britainhasbeenmoreorlessthegeographicislandthatweknowitastodaysince（

）.

2.TheauthortellsusthatPhilipGibbardwasnotinvolvedinthestudybeingreportedonhere.Hemostprobablydoesthisinorderto（

）.

3.EarlierresearchontheoriginoftheChannelScablandsofeasternWashingtonwaspresumablyusefultoAlecSmithinthatit（

）.

4.Somethingseemstobemissingfromthetextofthisarticleasitisprintedhere.Themissingitemis（

）.

5.IsPhilipGribbardoptimisticaboutthelikelihoodthatwewillsoonknowhowlongittookwaterfallstoerodethechalkridgementionedinparagraphs7-10?

6.Thearticleindicatesthat,thankstothenewdataandimages,Guptaandhisfellowresearchershave（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.450,000yearsago.

B.160,000yearsago.

C.approximately13,000BC.

D.roughly7,000BC.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.showthatGibbard’sopinionsshouldbeviewedwithcaution

B.lendgreaterweighttoGibbard'sopinionsandinput

C.distinguishGibbard’srolefromthatofSanjeevGupta

D.makeitclearthatmostgeologistsagreewithGuptaandhisteam

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpedhimtorecognizethescourmarksontheflooroftheEnglishChannel

B.indicatedthelandscapethatheshouldwatchforaroundtheglaciallakethatcoveredancientBritain

C.showedhowoldthescourmarksmightbe

D.suggestedwhatkindofeventmighthaveproducedthescourmarks

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.achart

B.amap

C.agraph.

D.atableofprehistoricsealeveldata

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.No,becausethemanyshipsandpowerfulcurrentsintheChannelmakeithazardoustodrillthere.

B.No,becausetheplungepoolscarvedoutbytheancientwaterfallsarenowburiedunderverythicklayersofsediment.

C.Yes,becausesubmarineimagesclarifywhicheventscausedhowmucherosionandwhere.

D.Yes,becausesubmarinescannowprovideextremelyvaluableassistanceinthedrillingoperationsthatwillbenecessary

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.provedthatgeologistswererighttodismisssmith'shypothesiswhenitwasproposed32yearsago

B.conclusivelydemonstratedthecorrectnessofsmith'shypothesis

C.shedafavorablenewlightonsmith'shypothesis,butwithsomanynovelfeatures(especiallythemuchgreaterscale)thatitisnowasmuchGupta’sideaassmith’s

D.revivedinterestinSmithshypothesisandmoveditclosertogeneralacceptance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是:不列顛大約什么時(shí)候開始變成我們今天所指的地理島?第11段首指出:Britainmostrecentlybecameanislandabout9000yearsago(不列顛大約9000年前成為了一個(gè)島嶼)。據(jù)此推斷,答案為D:大約公元前7000年。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Now,ateamofresearchershasdetailed…study.“I’mquiteenthusiastic.”(一組研究人員詳細(xì)地證明了這股毀滅的洪流是如何爆發(fā)的。英國劍橋大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家菲利普?吉布德（PhilipGibbard）說：“他們已經(jīng)設(shè)法確定了……山脊是如何被破壞的?！彼麤]有參與目前的研究。但他說:“我很熱情。”)。這里的ateamofresearchers指的是下文中的Cupta和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)。這里說PhilipGibbard沒有參與目前的研究,D但表明了他的觀點(diǎn)。據(jù)此推斷這么做是為了將他們區(qū)分開來。

3.推理判斷題。第二段指出:1985年,首次提出了巨大的洪水快速雕刻出英吉利海峽的部分地區(qū)的觀點(diǎn)。地質(zhì)學(xué)家AlecSmith研究英吉利海峽海底大片交織的沖刷痕,這和華盛頓東部由冰川湖的洪水形成的ChanneledScablands地貌很相似，據(jù)此推測:英吉利海峽沖刷痕可能是同樣的原因（洪水）形成的。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段括號處(seemapbelow）見下圖?？芍恼氯笔б环鶊D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。Gibbard說：“在這里進(jìn)行地質(zhì)研究很危險(xiǎn)”。他說，一項(xiàng)成就是獲得新的潛艇圖像。由此可知對于弄清楚瀑布用多長時(shí)間侵蝕著白堊山脊，Gibbard并不樂觀，因?yàn)楹{里的許多船只和強(qiáng)大的水流使得在那里鉆洞是危險(xiǎn)的”。

6.推理判斷題。第六段:NowGuptaandhiscolleagueshavebroughttheideaofacataclysmicbreakupbackintoseriousconsideration(現(xiàn)在，Gupta和他的同事們對（AlecSmith）災(zāi)難性的分裂的想法重新嚴(yán)肅考慮)。接下來說根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù),研究小組對在英吉利海峽海底的7個(gè)水池進(jìn)行了清晰的描述。由此可知，基于新的數(shù)據(jù)和圖片，Gupta和他的同事們“為Smith的假設(shè)提供了一個(gè)有利的新線索。故選C:為史密斯的假設(shè)提供了一個(gè)很好的新線索，但由于有如此多的新特點(diǎn)（尤其是更大的規(guī)模），以至于Smith的假設(shè)現(xiàn)在成了Gupta的觀點(diǎn)。

24.單選題

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.runinto

B.answerfor