考研考博-英語-南通師范高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen'sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,Ms.Holmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn’tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.”Womengetinandoutofcarstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelytheycangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily".

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk"Historicallythemanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays".

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairout,IsatonitquitenaturallysinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

"Well,"mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,"youdiditagain?'

"Didwhat?’，Iasked,utterlyconfused

"Tookthechair"

Actually,sincePdwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward.Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirstafterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomebadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Bysaying"youdiditagain”,theauthor'swifemeansthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it’ssafetobreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen’sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkintheoutsideofapavement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從這篇文章可以得出,,,’。由第五段中“Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmaybesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.通常，遵守社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則比根據(jù)自己的品味行事更容易。當(dāng)然，我們這些天生優(yōu)雅的人可以安全地打破規(guī)則?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“打破社會(huì)行為準(zhǔn)則是安全的”太絕對(duì)；由第一段中“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies.在婦女解放運(yùn)動(dòng)中，男人的好處之一是不再需要向女人支付舊式的禮遇?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“在婦女的解放中，男性也被解放了”正確。C選項(xiàng)“女性正變得比以前更有能力”在文中沒有提及；由第三段第二句“Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.男性應(yīng)該在他想走的地方走路”確定D項(xiàng)“男性應(yīng)該走在人行道的外側(cè)”與原文不符。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘說“你又做了一次”，作者的妻子意味著…’。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Forexample,whenamanandwomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark,Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherwayaccordingtomywife.例如，當(dāng)一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人在餐館被領(lǐng)到他們的桌子前，服務(wù)員拉出一把椅子，這個(gè)女人應(yīng)該坐在椅子上。根據(jù)安?克拉克女士的說法，我總是用另一種方法來做?！?，下文就舉出作者自己做得相反的例子和倒數(shù)第三段中回答“Tookthechair坐了這個(gè)椅子”，可以確定C選項(xiàng)“作者不應(yīng)該坐在被女侍者拉出的椅子上”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘以下哪一項(xiàng)不是作者比女士先上車的原因?’。由最后一段第一句“Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisisacourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.而且，我的習(xí)慣是先上車，讓女士自己上車。這是一種禮貌，我堅(jiān)持作為更強(qiáng)的性別，出于愛和尊重?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“他想對(duì)女性有禮貌”和B選項(xiàng)“他這那樣做是出于習(xí)慣”是作者先于女性上車的原因；也確定D選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為今天的女性如男人一樣有能力”不是作者先于女性上車的原因，符合題意，正確；由最后一段中“Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.在這樣的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)有攻擊者隱藏起來。”確定C選項(xiàng)“他想保護(hù)女性不受隱藏的危險(xiǎn)的傷害”也是作者先于女性上車的原因。

2.翻譯題

III.(本題3段，每段10分)

TheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsconstituteasystemofscientifictheoriesincludingDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthoughtofThreeRepresents,andtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentandothermajorstrategicthoughts.ThissystemrepresentstheParty’sadherencetoanddevelopmentofMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThoughtandembodiesthewisdomandhardworkofseveralgenerationsofChineseCommunistsleadingthepeopleincarryingouttirelessexplorationsandpractices.Itisanopensystemthatkeepsdeveloping.PracticessincethepublicationoftheCommunistManifestonearly160yearsagohaveprovedthatonlywhenMarxismisintegratedwiththeconditionsofaspecificcountry,advancesinstepwiththetimesarid,istiedtothedestinyofthepeoplecanitdemonstrateitsstrongvitality,creativityandappeal.IncontemporaryChina,tostaytruetoMarxismmeanstoadheretothesystemoftheoriesofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

Educationshouldbewild,exciting,intoxicating.Thesedays,moreandmoretertiaryeducationestablishmentsspecializeincoursesthattooklikeashort-cuttoasexyjob:youcanstudysport,orjournalism,ortelevision,orpopmusic,evenfashion.Theerror?—theheresy—istothinkthattheentirepurposeofeducationistogetyouabetterjob;thattheentirefunctionofanindividuallifeistomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.It’saterribleshame,andIfeelhorriblysadforthepeoplewhomustgothroughitall,carryingtheburdenofeconomicexpectationratherthanthespiritofexplorationandadventure.Wewerealltoobusytryingtosussoutthemeaningoflifetobesidetrackedbysuchside-issuesascareers,untilthetimecametomeetrealityheadon.Thepurposeofmoderneducationistomakeyouawealthyperson.

InaspeechthatwillsetChina’sdirectionforthefuture,hespokeoftheneedtoaddresstheproblemsofenvironmentaldegradation,politicalcorruptionandincomeinequalitybetweentherichcitiesontheeasternseaboardandvillagesinthepoorwesterninterior.HetoldChinese:“Growthisnotouronlygoal.Sustainabilityandcuttinginequalityishighonagenda.”But,headmittedthatthepartyhadstruggledtokeeppacewiththerapidchangesinsociety.“Whilerecognizingourachievements,wemustbewellawarethattheystillfallshortoftheexpectationsofthepeople.”hesaid,“Thegovernmentcapabilityofthepartyfallssomewhatshortoftheneedtodealwiththenewsituationandtasks.”

【答案】中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系，是包括鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀等重大戰(zhàn)略思想在內(nèi)的科學(xué)理論體系。這是我們黨對(duì)馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想的堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展，是幾代中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民不懈探索和實(shí)踐的智慧和汗水的結(jié)晶。它是一個(gè)不斷發(fā)展的開放體系?！豆伯a(chǎn)黨宣言》發(fā)表近160年來的實(shí)踐證明，馬克思主義只有同具體國(guó)情相結(jié)合、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、同人民命運(yùn)緊密相連，才能展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的生命力、創(chuàng)造力和感召力。在當(dāng)代中國(guó)，堅(jiān)持馬克思主義，就是堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系。

教育應(yīng)該是狂野的、令人興奮的和令人陶醉的。如今，越來越多的高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)專門開設(shè)一些課程，這些課程似乎是獲得一份有吸引力的工作的捷徑：你可以學(xué)習(xí)體育，或新聞，或電視，或流行音樂，甚至?xí)r尚。錯(cuò)誤的一個(gè)想法（異端邪說）就是，認(rèn)為教育的全部目的就是為你找到一份更好的工作，而生活的全部目的就是盡可能多地賺錢。這是一種可怕的恥辱，我為那些必須經(jīng)歷這一切的人感到非常難過，他們背負(fù)著經(jīng)濟(jì)期望的重?fù)?dān)，而不是探索和冒險(xiǎn)的精神。我們總是忙于追尋人生的意義，直到現(xiàn)實(shí)砸在我們的腦袋上之前，我們都不考慮一些次要的事情，比如職業(yè)什么的?，F(xiàn)代教育的目的就是讓你成為一個(gè)富有的人。

在這篇將為中國(guó)未來指明方向的演講中，他談到了解決環(huán)境惡化、政治腐敗以及東部沿海富裕城市與西部貧困內(nèi)陸農(nóng)村之間收入不平等等問題的必要性。他對(duì)中國(guó)人說：“增長(zhǎng)不是我們唯一的目標(biāo)?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展和減少不平等是議程上的重點(diǎn)?！钡姓J(rèn)，共產(chǎn)黨一直在努力跟上社會(huì)的快速變化。他說：“我們?cè)诳吹匠煽?jī)的同時(shí)，也要清醒地看到，我們的成績(jī)與人民的期待之間有差距；黨的管理能力與處理新形勢(shì)新任務(wù)的需要有一定差距?！?/p>

3.單選題

Thisisbuta________ofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.friction

B.fraction

C.faction

D.fracture

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“friction”，意為“摩擦力，摩擦”，B選項(xiàng)“fraction”，意為“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分”；C選項(xiàng)“faction”，意為“派別，小集團(tuán)”，D選項(xiàng)“fracture”，意為“破裂，斷裂”，句意：這只是青少年所儲(chǔ)存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheers（）fromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeup

B.brokeforth

C.brokethrough

D.brokeupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokeup“分手；結(jié)束，打碎”；B選項(xiàng)breakforth“迸發(fā)；噴發(fā)；爆發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破；突圍；沖破；取得突破性成就”；D選項(xiàng)breakupon“顯露；突然出現(xiàn)”。句意：當(dāng)人們看見那位職業(yè)拳擊手四肢攤開躺在拳臺(tái)上時(shí)，場(chǎng)上爆發(fā)出歡呼聲和吶喊聲。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Themostimportant（）forassessmentinthiscontestisoriginalityofdesign.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.threshold

B.partition

C.warrant

D.criterion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)threshold“入口，門檻”，B項(xiàng)partition“劃分，分開”，C項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù)，證明”，D項(xiàng)criterion“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞assessmentinthiscontest（本次大賽評(píng)比）可推測(cè)，空格部分表示“評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。句意：本次競(jìng)賽最重要的考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是設(shè)計(jì)的原創(chuàng)性。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

MerrileeMiller,merchantsassociationmarketingdirector,calledthefestivitiesa(n)_______forthesickeningfeelingsleftbytheshootingsatWestroadsMallonWednesday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.antifebrile

B.antidote

C.counteract

D.neutralization

【答案】B

【解析】antifebrile退熱劑;antidote解毒劑,矯正方法;counteract抵消,中和;neutralization中和,中立。句意：美國(guó)商人協(xié)會(huì)市場(chǎng)總監(jiān)MerrileeMiller稱,周三發(fā)生在西街購(gòu)物中心的槍擊事件給人們留下了一種令人厭惡的情緒,而慶?；顒?dòng)則是一劑良藥。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然她很小的時(shí)候就寫了很多短篇小說和詩(shī)歌，但直到25歲她才第一次獲得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故選A。

8.單選題

Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay（）fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takecontrol

B.takeplace

C.takeup

D.takeover

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組固定搭配。takeoverfrom“取而代之”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.“We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsaid.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.''

Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent（有償付能力的）Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthemtosolvethisproblem.

The22.000-studcntdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth,“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.

Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingupa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll（工資單）tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.

Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsinits38schools.

AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.

InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.

Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.

“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”

AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum（論壇）.“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed.”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”

1.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?

2.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?

3.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis（

）.

4.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?

5.ThreehighSchoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.

B.Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.

C.Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.

D.Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.

B.Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.

C.Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.

D.Theydemandedathoroughinvestigation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unavoidable

B.unthinkable

C.insolvable

D.irreversible

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.

B.Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.

C.Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.

D.Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbondissue.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds

B.appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations

C.exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties

D.keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“Vrain學(xué)區(qū)發(fā)生的事情是……”。文章第一段提到“Vrain學(xué)區(qū)試圖去解決因管理不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致的1380萬美金的預(yù)算短缺”（IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement），因此選項(xiàng)A“一個(gè)巨大的財(cái)政問題”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“Vrain校區(qū)的居民應(yīng)對(duì)預(yù)算短缺的方式是……”。文章第一段提到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裾趲椭蠋熀凸芾砣藛T（residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministrators），選項(xiàng)C“幫助一起解決問題”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)邁克?卡夫麥看來，教育預(yù)算短缺是……”。文章第三段中“這太不尋常了。沒有人想到會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事情”(It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel)，因此選項(xiàng)B“不能想象的”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么卡夫麥要求進(jìn)行調(diào)查”。文章第六段提到“他想知道是否地方官員將預(yù)算短缺隱瞞”（hewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortage），因此選項(xiàng)A“想弄清是否對(duì)財(cái)政問題進(jìn)行了掩蓋”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“三名高中生建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站來……”。文章最后一段提到“謠言以光速擴(kuò)散”“我們想知道真相，并把它公之于眾”（“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed.”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”），選項(xiàng)D“讓人們知道危機(jī)”符合題意。

10.單選題

Childrenare（）tohavesomeaccidentsastheygrowup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obvious

B.bound

C.indispensable

D.doubtless

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obvious“明顯的；顯著的；平淡無奇的”；B選項(xiàng)bound“受約束的；被……限制的”；C選項(xiàng)indispensable“不可缺少的；絕對(duì)必要的”；D選項(xiàng)doubtless“無疑的”。句意：孩子們?cè)诔砷L(zhǎng)過程中……會(huì)發(fā)生一些意外。本題還需要注意的是搭配，beboundto表示“必然”符合本句句意。

11.單選題

Thespontaneousmovementofwateracrossamembrane,（

）gradientofwaterconcentrationiscalledosmosis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drivesa

B.drivenbya

C.hasdriven

D.drove

【答案】B

【解析】語法（分詞短語做后置定語）題。首先固定搭配‘a(chǎn)gradientof’，所以排除C和D選項(xiàng)，其次，Thespontaneousmovement與空格后的gradientofwaterconcentration是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以B選項(xiàng)的過去分詞短語做主語的后置定語正確。整句話的句意是‘在水的濃度梯度驅(qū)使下，水分子通過半透膜的自主運(yùn)動(dòng)叫做滲透作用’。

12.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese

ThereisonelastquestionImustdealwithinthischapter.Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral?Anotherwayofputtingtheproblemisasfollows:Isthereanyclearfoundationorbasisformorality—cananyreasonsbefoundforhumanbeingstobegoodanddorightactsratherthanbebadanddowrongacts?

Alloftheargumentsputfortharecompellingandvalidtosomeextent,providedthatfreequestioningofthemoralprescriptionsthattheyhaveestablishedorthattheysupportisallowedandencouraged.Ihavealreadypointedoutsomeofthedifficultiesassociatedwithestablishingareligiousbasisformorality,butproblemsexistwiththeothertwoargumentsaswell.（1）

Theself-interestargumentcanbeaproblemwhenotherinterestsconflictwithit:oftenitisdifficulttoconvincesomeonewhoseesobviousbenefitsinactingimmorallyinaparticularsituationthatitisinhisorherself-interesttodootherwise.Moralityestablishedbytraditionandlawisproblematicbecauseitisdifficultbothtochangeandtoquestionsuccessfully.Thislackofquestioningsometimesencouragesblindobediencetheimmoralpractices.Itencouragesthebeliefthatbecausesomethinghasbeendoneacertainwayforhundredsofyears,itmustberight.

（2）Arethereanyotherreasonswecangiveastowhyhumanbeingsshouldbemoral?Ifweexaminehumannatureasempiricallyandrationallyaswecan,wediscoverthatallhumanbeingshavemanyneeds,desires,goals,andobjectivesincommon.Forexample,peoplegenerallyseemtoneedfriendship,love,happiness,freedom,peace,creativity,andstabilityintheirlives,notonlyforthemselvesbutforothers,too.（3）

Itdoesn’ttakemuchfurtherexaminationtodiscoverthatinordertosatisfytheseneeds,peoplemustestablishandfollowmoralprinciplesthatencouragethemtocooperatewithoneanotherandthatfreethemfromfearthattheywilllosetheirlives,bemutilated,orbestolenfrom,liedto,cheated,severelyrestricted,orimprisoned.

Itismycontention,then,thatmoralityhascomeaboutbecauseofhumanneedsandthrougharecognitionoftheimportanceoflivingtogetherinaco-operativeandsignificantway.Iamnottryingtosuggestthatallhumanbeingscanbeconvincedthattheyshouldbemoral,oreventhatitwillalwaysbeineachindividual’sself-interesttobemoral.Idobelieve,however,thatthequestion“Whyshouldhumanbeingsbemoral”generallycanbestbeansweredbythestatementthatadheringtomoralprinciplesenableshumanbeingstolivetheirlivesaspeacefully,happily,creatively,andmeaningfullyasispossible.

Also,asImentionedwhendiscussinglawandmorality,therehasbeenamarkedincreaseintheteachingofethicsinlawschools.Thesametypesofcourseshavebeenestablishedatmedicalschools,andtherehasbeenanincreaseinbioethicsandotherethicscommitteesinhospitalsandvariousbusinesses.Forexample,JamesO’Toolehasbeenconductingvalues-basedleadershipseminarsforCEOsandothermanagersinbusiness.Onemightask.“Doesthismeanthatwearebecomingmoreethical,orthatwewillbe,astheseethicsbegintofilterdowntothegeneralpopulace?”Certainlyitisadmirablethatsomanyevenpoliticians—areinterestedinvaluesandinimprovingtheethicallevelinAmerica.Mymajorconcerniswithhowsuperficialallofthisis,especiallyasitcomesfrompoliticianstryingtogetelected.Idon’tdoubtthatsomeofthesepoliticiansaresincere,butsome-timesIwonderwhosevaluestheywishtoimpose,andalsoIwonderhowmuchtraininganyofthesepeoplehavehadinethics.

（4）Yetregardlessofhowpopular,superficiallyornot,ethicsmaybecome,itcertainlyshouldbethemostimportantaspectofyourlife.Afterall,whatcouldbemoreimportantthanlearninghowtolivemoreethicallyandimprovingthequalityofyourlifeandthelivesofothersaroundyou?AsAlbertEinsteinsaid,“Themostimportanthumanendeavoristhestrivingformoralityinouractions.Ourinnerbalanceandevenourveryexistencedependonit.Onlymoralityinouractionscangivebeautyanddignitytolife.”

（5）Moralitydealsbasicallywithhumansandhowtheyrelatetootherbeings,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itdealswithhowhumanstreatotherbeingssoastopromotemutualwelfare,growth,creativity,andmeaningandtostriveforwhatisgoodoverwhatisbadandwhatisrightoverwhatiswrong.

【答案】1.當(dāng)與他人利益發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，利己主義的觀點(diǎn)就會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題：在某特定情形下，若不按道德行事，某人會(huì)明顯受益，因此，往往很難說服此人遵守道德規(guī)范對(duì)他或她有益。

2.至于人類為何需要遵守道德規(guī)范，我們還能給出其他的理由嗎？如果我們能夠盡可能地憑借經(jīng)驗(yàn)或理性審視人性，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有人類都有很多相似的需求、欲望、目標(biāo)和目的。

3.不需要進(jìn)一步調(diào)查就能發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類為了滿足這些需求，必須樹立和遵循道德規(guī)范。這會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們與他人進(jìn)行合作，幫助他們擺脫可能會(huì)喪命、致殘，或者遭他人偷竊、撒謊、欺騙、嚴(yán)重地受限制或囚禁等帶來的恐懼。

4.然而無論倫理是否受歡迎或者膚淺，它可能成為，也一定應(yīng)是你的生活中最重要的一面。畢竟，學(xué)習(xí)如何更符合倫理道德地生活，以及改善你的以及身邊人的生活質(zhì)量，難道還有比這更重要的事嗎？

5.道德主要是關(guān)于人，以及他們與其他人或人類以外其他事物之間的關(guān)系。它涉及人類如何對(duì)待其他人或物，從而促進(jìn)共同的福利、發(fā)展、創(chuàng)造力和意義，以及為了好戰(zhàn)勝壞和正義戰(zhàn)勝邪惡而努力。

13.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.當(dāng)前，世情、國(guó)情、黨情繼續(xù)發(fā)生著深刻變化，我們面臨的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)前所未有。全黨一定要牢記人民的信任和重托，更加奮發(fā)有為、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)地工作，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧，繼續(xù)改善人民生活、增進(jìn)人民福祉，完成時(shí)代賦予的光榮而艱巨的任務(wù)。

2.學(xué)生活動(dòng)是美國(guó)大學(xué)的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)，每周都有數(shù)不清的由學(xué)生組織的各種各樣的活動(dòng)。這些活動(dòng)涵蓋了體育、文藝、文化、政治和社會(huì)等各個(gè)方面，其主要目的是為了娛樂。新的學(xué)生活動(dòng)組織不斷涌現(xiàn)，而中國(guó)學(xué)生的參與使這一局面變得更加熱烈，他們甚至在耶魯大學(xué)上演了曹禺的話劇《雷雨》。

3.中國(guó)是一個(gè)有五千年歷史的文明古國(guó)，有著與外來文化取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短、兼容并蓄的傳統(tǒng)。我們的祖先歷來強(qiáng)調(diào)“以和為貴”。由此，中國(guó)人民選擇和平發(fā)展的道路是基于中國(guó)的文化傳統(tǒng)、是基于慘痛的歷史與嚴(yán)酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)所做出的明智選擇。

【答案】1.Atpresent,astheglobal,nationalandourParty’sconditionscontinuetoundergoprofoundchanges,wearefacedwithunprecedentedopportunitiesfordevelopmentaswellasrisksandchallenges.ThewholePartymustbearinmindthetrustthepeoplehaveplacedinusandthegreatexpectationtheyhaveofus.Wemustaimhigherandworkharderandcontinuetoboostthescientificdevelopment,promotesocialharmony,andimprovepeople’slivessoastocompletethegloriousandarduoustasksbestowedonusbythetimes.

2.StudentactivitiesareanotherremarkablefeatureofAmericancollegelife.Eachweektherearecountlessactivitiesofallsortsorganizedbystudents—athletic,artistic,cultural,politicalorsocial,allofwhicharejustforfun.Newstudentorganizationsareconstantlybeingcreated,andChinesestudentscontributetothisferment.TheyevenstageCaoYu’splayRainstorminYale.

3.Chinaisanancientcivilizationwitha5,000-year-longhistory,havingthetraditionofseekingmutualcomplementarities,accommodationandintegrationwithforeigncultures.Ourancestorshavealwaysemphasizedthe“cherishingofharmony”.Accordingly,thechoicebytheChinesepeopletofollowapeacefulpathtodevelopmentisawisedecisionbasedonChina’straditionalculture,painfulhistoryandseriousreality.

14.單選題

Wehadagoodtimethere,andthefoodwasplentifuland（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conducive

B.wholesome

C.helpful

D.appreciative

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在那，我們度過愉快的時(shí)光，而且食物很豐盛又有益于健康。

考查形容詞辨析。conducive使容易（或有可能）發(fā)生的.；wholesome有益于健康的；helpful有幫助的；appreciative感激的；欣賞的。因此B符合句意。

15.單選題

Itshouldbe

thatasindividualsgiftedstudentsareendowedwithcertainattributeswhichrepresenttheirpotentialsuccessinlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reminded

B.perceived

C.marked

D.noted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。remind“提醒，使想起”；perceive“理解，認(rèn)知”；mark“標(biāo)志”；note“注意；記錄”。句意：要認(rèn)識(shí)到一點(diǎn)：作為個(gè)體，有天賦的學(xué)生被賦予了某些特性，這些特性代表著他們生命中潛在的成功。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayinnolessthan250words.

1.盜版現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重

2.盜版造成的后果

3.我對(duì)抵制盜版問題的看法

【答案】【參考范文】

TheProblemofPiracy17.單選題

Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears;middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation—growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,theoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproduction.

Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist’stradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,andthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.

1.Itisimpliedthatfiftyyearsago________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodemmodernindustry________.

3.Theword“dubious”(underlinedinPara2.)mostprobablymeans________.

4.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillis________.

5.Fromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsone________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactories

B.twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployees

C.thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkers

D.thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.factorylaborerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumber

B.theproportionoffactorylaborersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased

C.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylaborers

D.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylaborers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.useful

C.doubtful

D.helpful

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelations

B.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployee

C.moreimportantthanemployeremployeerelations

D.asimportantastheabilitytoco-operatewithothersintheorganization

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareer

B.tobemorespecializedinhisfield

C.tosolvetechnicalproblems

D.todevelophisprofessionalskill

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段Andwhenfiftyyearsago“beingemployed”meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.（50年前，“被雇傭”的意思是作為工廠工人或農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人工作，而今天的雇員越來越多地是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，接受過大量的正規(guī)教育，從事需要智力和技術(shù)技能的專業(yè)或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，當(dāng)人們提到被雇傭時(shí)想到的是工廠或農(nóng)場(chǎng)工人，而現(xiàn)在想到的是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，由此可推斷出50年前，知識(shí)分子作為雇員工作的占比沒有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大，所以D選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)分子作為雇員工作的百分比沒有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的百分比大”正確。A選項(xiàng)“百分之八十的美國(guó)工人受雇于工廠”和B選項(xiàng)“百分之二十的美國(guó)知識(shí)分子是雇員”對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二句“大約一百年前，每五個(gè)在工作的美國(guó)人中只有一個(gè)被雇傭，即為別人工作?！?，此處說的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此處要表達(dá)的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美國(guó)工人受雇于工廠，所以A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)說法都不正確，屬于反向干擾；C選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)分子在全體勞動(dòng)力中的比例幾乎與產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的比例相同”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章第一段說到50年前，知識(shí)分子作為雇員工作的占比沒有產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的大，所以C選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段Inde