考研考博-英語-廈門東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門東海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThePsychologyofWarrantiesProtectionRacket

Ifextendedguaranteesareoverpriced,whyaretheysopopular?

CUSTOMERStendtoagoniseovertherelativemeritsofdifferentmodelsofelectronicgoodssuchasdigitalcamerasorplasmatelevisions.Butwhentheygettothetill,manyspendfreelyonsomethingtheybarelythinkaboutatall:anextendedwarranty,whichisoftenmoreprofitabletotheretailerthanthedeviceitcovers.

Shopperstypicallypay10%-50%ofthecostofaproducttoinsureitbeyondthetermcoveredbythemanufacturer’sguarantee.（1）Yetproductsrarelybreakwithintheperiodcovered,andrepairstendtocostnomorethanthewarrantyitself.（2）

Sowhy,asksapaperpublishedintheDecemberissueoftheJournalofConsumerResearch,somanyconsumersstillbuyextendedwarranties?Theauthors—TaoChenoftheUniversityofMaryland,AjayKalraofRiceUniversityandBaohongSunofCarnegieMellonUniversity—examinedpurchasedatafromabigelectronicsretailerforover600householdsfromNovember2003toOctober2004.

（3

）Ifacustomerisabouttobuysomethingfun(i.e.,aplasmatelevisionratherthanavacuumcleaner),hewillbemoreinclinedtosplashoutonextrainsurance.Thisisbecauseconsumersvalue“hedonic”itemsoverutilitarianones,regardlessoftheactualpricetag.（4

）Thestudyalsofoundthatpoorerconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“potentiallyunnecessaryandoverpricedinsurance”,becausetheyaremoreworriedabouttheexpenseofreplacingaproductifitbreaks.

（5）Butalthoughmostpoliciesgounused,headmitsthattheemotionaltranquilitythatcomeswithbuyinganewwarrantyisnotinitselfwithoutvalue,evenif“rationally,itdoesn’tmakesense”.

問題1選項

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

問題2選項

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

問題3選項

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

問題4選項

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

問題5選項

A.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheitemisonsale,asfindinganunexpectedbargainleavesbuyersfeelingflushandpleased.

B.Thetermsofthesedealsvary(andthereisoftenagreatdealoffineprint),buttheyusuallypromisetorepairorreplaceafaultydeviceforbetweenoneandfouryears.

C.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

D.Thisisbecauseconsumersaremorelikelytobuy“hedonic”items.

E.Theyconcludedthatthedecisiontobuyawarrantyhadagreatdealtodowithashopper’smood.

F.Thepopularityofwarrantiesshouldlogicallydependonthelikelihoodofaproduct’sfailure,saysMr.Kalra.

G.Thatmakeswarrantiesamazinglyprofitable:theygenerateover$16billionannuallyforAmericanretailers,accordingtoWarrantyWeek,atradejournal.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:G

第3題:E

第4題:A

第5題:F

【解析】1.根據(jù)上下文，空格前提到人們通常會支付一部分錢來延長保險期使其超過制造商的保修期，空格后提到維修費用不會超過保證書承諾的額度，選項B中theterm和上文形成照應(yīng)，對上文提到的制造商擔(dān)保的保修期進行了進一步解釋。句意：保險協(xié)議的條款各不相同（通常有很多細(xì)則），但他們通常承諾在一到四年里可以修復(fù)或更換有故障的設(shè)備，選項B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)上下文，空格處是第三段的最后一句，選項G是上文所描述的情況的結(jié)果，也就是保單之詐帶來的結(jié)果，使保單業(yè)務(wù)利潤驚人，而且本句也有點題的作用。選項G符合題意。

3.

根據(jù)上下文，空格上一段的開頭sowhy提出疑問，為什么有如此多的人還要購買保單呢？緊接著提到了一系列的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，可推斷空格應(yīng)該是一個結(jié)果的呈現(xiàn)。選項E中theyconcludedthat說明是調(diào)查的結(jié)果，句意：他們總結(jié)道：購買保修單的決定在很大程度上與購物者的心情有關(guān)。選項E符合題意。

4.根據(jù)上下文，空格上一句提到，重視享樂的人們更傾向于在保險上花錢，而不顧產(chǎn)品真實的價格標(biāo)簽。選項A中thisisespeciallytrue對這個現(xiàn)象進行了進一步的解釋，存在順承關(guān)系。選項A符合題意。

5.根據(jù)空格后一句中headmits，可知空格中應(yīng)該會出現(xiàn)一個人物，選項F提到了Mr.Kalra這個人名，并且空格后but表明轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，將會提到和下文完全相反的情況，選項F提到保單受歡迎的程度從邏輯上說應(yīng)該取決于產(chǎn)品出故障的可能性，空格后提到保單從理性上講并沒有意義。前后形成對比轉(zhuǎn)折。選項F符合題意。

2.單選題

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

問題1選項

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項spurs“鞭策；促進；策馬前進；緊貼主干剪短”；B選項sprays“噴；掃射”；C選項squashes“把……壓扁；擠進，塞入；壓制，抑制；打斷，制止；去除，粉碎；斷然拒絕；把……鎮(zhèn)住，使無言以對”；D選項spreads“傳播；伸展；散布；展開；鋪開”。句意：這種可快速均勻地噴灑成細(xì)霧的驅(qū)蟲劑并非是簡單地注入瓶中的。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthattruefriendshipislikehealth,（）isseldomknowntillitislost.

問題1選項

A.thevalueofwhich

B.itsvalue

C.thevalueofit

D.it'svalue

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。thevalueofwhich在句中充當(dāng)主語,

選項A正確。其他選項都有自己的主語,

但缺少連詞,

所以不選。

4.單選題

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

問題1選項

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)表明，盡管恐懼和攻擊之間有（）狀態(tài)存在，但是恐懼和攻擊無論是從心理角度還是生理角度來看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同時的，聯(lián)立的；exceptional異常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏愛的，不公平的；transitional變遷的，過渡。D選項“過渡”狀態(tài)符合句意。

5.單選題

______thefinancialmeanstoremainindependent,ThomasEdisonwascompelledtoseekemploymentasanighttelegraphoperator.

問題1選項

A.Hewasdeprivedof

B.Thathewasdeprivedof

C.Althoughhewasdeprivedof

D.Deprivedof

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由于沒有了維持獨立的經(jīng)濟來源，托馬斯?愛迪生不得不去找個夜間電報員的工作。選項和題干，逗號前是從句或者短語。A選項Hewasdeprivedof放進來題目變成兩個完整且獨立的句子，故錯誤。B選項Thathewasdeprivedof中that多余，不符合語法，故錯誤。C選項Althoughhewasdeprivedof中although不符合語境，故錯誤。D選項Deprivedof放進來句子還原后是ThomasEdisonwas…operatordeprivedofthefinancialmeanstoremainindependent，符合題意。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Totakeiteasyandcontinuetowork.

B.Totakeasickleave.

C.Tokeepawayfromwork.

D.Tohaveafollow-up.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Doc,shouldIstayawayfromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm（沒必要不工作，只是要保持冷靜）。

7.單選題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

問題1選項

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項bacteria“細(xì)菌”；B選項constituents“成分”；C選項erosion“侵蝕，腐蝕”；D選項contexts“環(huán)境，上下文”。句意：科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進步使我們能夠了解宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的……和生命的奇跡。根據(jù)matter（物質(zhì)）可推測與其搭配的是constituents。結(jié)合句意，A選項及C選項都可排除。D選項contexts（環(huán)境）也不能與matter（物質(zhì)）搭配，因此B選項為正確答案。

8.單選題

Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.

問題1選項

A.pernicious

B.prevalent

C.preventive

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險惡的”；B選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項preventive“預(yù)防性的，防備的；防病的”；D選項perpetual“永久的；不斷的；四季開花的；無期限的”。句意：工程師們對他們公司資助的項目普遍持否定態(tài)度，這是合同遲遲沒有簽訂的原因。本句關(guān)鍵詞pervasive表示“普遍的；到處滲透的；流行的”，四個選項中B選項最合適，因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Marybecame（

）homesickandcriticaloftheUnitedStates,soshefledfromherhomeinwestBloomfieldtoherhometowninAustria.

問題1選項

A.completely

B.sincerely

C.absolutely

D.increasingly

【答案】D

【解析】句意:瑪麗越來越想家，對美國越來越不滿，因此她離開了位于布盧姆菲爾德西部的家,逃往了奧地利的故鄉(xiāng)。

考查副詞辨析。Completely完全地,徹底地;sincerely真誠地,由衷地;absolutely絕對地,完全地;increasingly越來越多地。因此D符合句意。

10.填空題

A:Ittakeshalf（1）hourto（2）tothestation.Ifwedon'tsetoutsoon,I'm（3）we'llmissourtrain.

B:Oh，I’mgladyoutoldme!I（4）itonlytook15minutes.We’d（5）go

rightawaythen.

【答案】1.an

2.get

3.afraid

4.thought

5.better

【解析】1.固定搭配。halfanhour半小時。

2.固定搭配。Getto到達。

3.固定搭配。I’mafraid恐怕…

4.語義題。句意:我還以為只要15分鐘。前面句子為一般過去時,所以這里也用一般過去時(think的過去式thought)。

5.固定搭配。wouldbetterdosth.最好…。

11.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost（）duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項patriotic“愛國的”；C選項primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D選項partial“偏愛的，不公平的”，這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系，美國資本主義帶來發(fā)達的生產(chǎn)力，創(chuàng)造了巨大的財富，因此一時之間美國夢看起來似乎是能實現(xiàn)的，其它三項均不能使句子句意通順。句意：在美國資本主義帶來高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財富期間，美國夢似乎是最能實現(xiàn)的。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

12.單選題

Comewhat（）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessiontohisunreasonabledemands.

問題1選項

A.must

B.should

C.may

D.can

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管怎樣，我們不會對他的無理要求作出任何讓步

考查固定搭配。Comewhatmay不管三七二十一，不管怎樣。

13.單選題

Thedebatesoverstemcellresearchduringthelastdecadehavebeenamongthemostheated（

）inthehistoryofscience.

問題1選項

A.conspiracies

B.contradictions

C.contentions

D.controversies

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。conspiracy意為“陰謀”；contradiction意為“矛盾”；contention意為“論點，爭論”；controversy意為“公開辯論，論戰(zhàn)”。

句意：過去十年中關(guān)于干細(xì)胞研究的爭論是科學(xué)史上最激烈的論戰(zhàn)之一。

14.單選題

Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,which（）tohissuccessinlaterlife.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.attributed

C.contributed

D.districted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他年輕時在學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)，這對他晚年的成功有幫助。

考查短語辨析。Contributeto有助于，產(chǎn)生，對…有幫助。

15.單選題

Somelinguistsbelievethatthe（）ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.

問題1選項

A.optimistic

B.optional

C.optimal

D.oppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項optimistic“樂觀的，樂觀主義的”；B選項optional“可選擇的，隨意的”；C選項optimal“最佳的，最理想的”；D選項oppressed“受壓制的，受壓迫的”。句意：一些語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為兒童學(xué)習(xí)外語的（）年齡是5到8歲。本句表示“兒童學(xué)習(xí)外語的最佳年齡”，因此C選項符合題意。

16.單選題

（）oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

問題1選項

A.Tobefree

B.Tofree

C.Freeing

D.Freed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:擺脫了冰塊的負(fù)擔(dān)之后，氣球向上朝南方飄去。

語法題?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句子的后半部分已經(jīng)完整，因此空格處應(yīng)填入動詞的非謂語形式，前半部分作為整句的狀語。句子的主語是“氣球”，動詞free與其之間是被動關(guān)系，故選D項。

17.單選題

Todaybusinesscardsaredistributedwithabandonbyworkingpeopleofallsocialclasses,illustratingnotonlytheubiquityofcommercialinterestsbutalsothefluidityoftheworldoftrade.Whetheroneisbuttonholingpotentialclientsforacarpentryservice,announcingone’slatestacademicappointment,or“networking”withfellowexecutives,itispermissibletoadvertiseone’stalentsandavailabilitybyanoutstretchedhandandthestatement“Here’smycard.”AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.

Ithasnotalwaysbeenthisway.Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits,andtheprotocol（禮儀）governingthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards.PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady;whenaladymust,andmustnot,turndowntheedgesofacard;andwhetheranunmarriedgirlofbetweenfourteenandseventeenmaycarrymorethansixorlessthanthirteencardsinherpurseinmonthsbeginningwitha“J”.Thecallingcardsystemwasespeciallycherishedbythosewhomadenodistinctionbetweenmannersandmereform,anditspreciousnesswaswelldefinedbyMrs.JohnSherwood.Her1887manualcalledthecard“thefieldmarkanddevice”ofcivilization.

Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury,whentheformerlywell-definedbordersbetweenthecommercialandthepersonalrealmswereusedwidely,societymavens(專家)considereditunforgivabletofusethetworealms.EmilyPost’scontemporaryLilianEichlercalleditverypoortastetousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes,andaslateas1967AmyVanderbiltcounseledthatthemerchant’smarker“mayneverdoubleforsocialpurposes”.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,peopledistributetheirbusinesscardsinorderto（

）.

2.Thesentence“yourmoneywassoold”inthesecondparagraphmeans（

）.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthecalling-cardclassinthe19thcentury?

4.Accordingtothepassage,businesscardsarelikelytohaveappeared（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedorimpliedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.maketheirliving

B.showtheirsocialstatus

C.facilitatesellingtheirproducts

D.illustratethefluidityoftheworldoftrade

問題2選項

A.youhadalotofmoney.

B.yourmoneywasuseless.

C.youhadanoldpoundnote.

D.youinheritedafortunefromyourancestor

問題3選項

A.Theyusedtheircallingcardstowinladies’favor.

B.Therewereguidebooksontheprotocolforthemtoread.

C.Theylivedaleisuredlifewithoutworryingaboutearningaliving.

D.Theiruseofcardswassupposedtogobyasetofcomplexrulesofmanner.

問題4選項

A.after1967

B.afterWorldWarⅠ

C.atthebeginningofthe19thcentury

D.atthebeginningofthe20th

問題5選項

A.Mostpeoplethinkitimpropertousebusinesscardsforsocialpurposes.

B.Today’sbusinesscardsareavulgarizationofthe19th-centurysocialcallingcard.

C.Inthe19thcentury,possessingacallingcardindicatedone’shighsocialposition.

D.Inthe19thcentury,thecalling-cardclassneverusedtheircardsforcommercialpurposes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第一段最后兩句“AsRobertLouisStevensononceobserved,everybodymakeshislivingbysellingsomething.Businesscardsfacilitatethisendeavor.正如羅伯特?路易斯?史蒂文森曾經(jīng)說過，每個人靠賣東西為生。商務(wù)名片促進了這一努力?！庇纱丝芍?，人們遞商務(wù)名片是為了賣產(chǎn)品，選項C符合上下文語境，為正確答案。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時代，擁有名片并不意味著你有興趣結(jié)成商務(wù)關(guān)系，而是你有遺產(chǎn)，所以你不需要為生計犯愁?！庇纱丝芍}干句子的意思應(yīng)該指從祖先那里得到一大筆遺產(chǎn)之意。oldmoney意為“祖?zhèn)鬟z產(chǎn)”，故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段“Forthecalling-cardclass,lifewasacontinualroundofsocialvisits他們的日子就是在社交活動中打發(fā)的”可知選項C符合文意；由“theprotocolgoverningthesevisitswasinextricablylinkedtotheproperuseofcards管理這些社交活動的禮儀與正確使用卡片有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系”可知他們在社交活動中交換名片是需遵守復(fù)雜的禮儀規(guī)范，因此選項D沒錯，以及由“PickupanyetiquettemanualpredatingWorldWarⅠ,andyouwillfindwholechaptersdevotedtosuchquestionsaswhetherasinglegentlemanmayleaveacardforalady在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的禮儀手冊里面整個章節(jié)都在討論這樣的問題：一個單身男士是否可以給女士遞名片?！笨芍x項B無誤；選項A文章中沒有提及，因此答案選A。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thecardsthatweusetodayforcommercialpurposesareavulgarizationofthenineteenth-centurysocialcallingcards,anartifactwithaquitedifferentpurpose.我們今天用于商業(yè)目的的卡片是19世紀(jì)社會名片的俗化，是一種具有完全不同目的的工藝品。”以及文章第三段第一句中“Thebusinessversionofthecallingcardcameinaroundtheturnofthecentury...拜帖的商業(yè)版本（名片）出現(xiàn)在世紀(jì)之交……”；由此推斷選項D最符合句子意思。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第二段第三句“IntheGildedAge,possessingacallingcardindicatednotthatyouwereinterestedinformingbusinessrelationships,butthatyourmoneywassooldthatyouhadnoneedtomakealiving.在鍍金時代，擁有商業(yè)名片不是意味著你有興趣結(jié)成商務(wù)關(guān)系，而是因為你有遺產(chǎn)，所以你衣食無憂”，可知C選項是正確的表述；第二段中對于19世紀(jì)名片發(fā)展歷史的細(xì)節(jié)描述，名片主要用于單純的社交，一戰(zhàn)中禮儀指南提到名片是由青年男性向女士遞交。由此推斷選項D和選項B都是正確的描述。故只有選項A中的描述文章沒有提到。

18.單選題

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

問題1選項

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項pure“純粹的”；B選項right“正確的”；C選項sheer“完全，徹底”；D選項clean“干凈的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘記她的生日了。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant（）.

問題1選項

A.paradoxes

B.paradises

C.galaxies

D.shuttles

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B選項paradises“天堂”；C選項galaxies“星系”；D選項shuttles“班車”。句意：加利福尼亞大學(xué)的天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個最遙遠(yuǎn)的星系。本句表示天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)星系，因此C選項正確。

20.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問題1選項

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常強調(diào)變化的差異性和職權(quán)等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長度”；quantity“數(shù)量”。句意：這家報紙沒有提到由于火災(zāi)所造成的損害程度。C項符合題意。

21.單選題

Ashewalkedoutofthecourt,hewas（）withfrustrationandrage.

問題1選項

A.applauding

B.quivering

C.paralyzing

D.limping

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項applauding“贊同，稱贊”；B選項quivering“顫抖”；C選項paralyzing“癱瘓，麻痹”；D選項limping“跛行”。句意：當(dāng)他走出法庭時，他因沮喪和憤怒而（）。這里表達的意思是“因沮喪和憤怒而顫抖?！币虼薆選項符合題意。

22.單選題

Bloodvesselsrunningallthroughthelungscarrybloodtoeachairsac,oralveolus,andthenbackagaintotheheart.Onlythethinwalloftheairsacandthethinwallofacapillaryarebetweentheairandtheblood.Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs.

Whenbloodissenttothelungsbytheheart,ithascomebackfromthecellsintherestofthebody.Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen.Atthesametime,theairthatgoesintotheairsaccontainsmuchoxygenbutverylittlecarbondioxide.Youhavelearnedthatdissolvedmaterialsalwaysdiffusefromwherethereismoreofthemtowherethereisless.Oxygenfromtheairdissolvesinthemoistureontheliningoftheairsacanddiffusesthroughtheliningintotheblood.Meanwhile,carbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodintotheairsac.Thebloodthenflowsfromthelungsbacktotheheart,whichsendsitouttoallotherpartsofthebody.

Soonafterairgoesintoanairsac,itgivesupsomeofitsoxygenandtakesinsomecarbondioxidefromtheblood.Tokeepdiffusiongoingasitshould,thiscarbondioxidemustbegottenridof.Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair.Thebreathingmusclesarecontrolledautomaticallysothatyoubreatheattheproperratetokeepyourairsacssuppliedwithfreshair.Ordinarily,youbreatheabouttwenty-twotimesaminute.Ofcourse,youbreathefasterwhenyouareexercisingandslowerwhenyouareresting.Freshairisbroughtintoyourlungswhenyoubreathein,orinhale,whileusedairisforcedoutofyourlungswhenyoubreatheout,orexhale.

Somepeoplethinkthatalltheoxygenistakenoutoftheairinthelungsandthatwhatwebreatheoutispurecarbondioxide.Buttheseideasarenotcorrect.Airisamixtureofgasesthatismostlynitrogen.Thisgasisnotusedinthebody.Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout.Butwhileairisinthelungs,itischangedinthreeways:(1)aboutone-fifthoftheoxygenintheairgoesintotheblood;(2)analmostequalamountofcarbondioxidecomesoutofthebloodintotheairand(3)moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatoxygenandcarbondioxide

（

）.

2.Whenbloodtravelsbacktothelungsbytheheart,（

）.

3.Themovementofbreathingcaneffectively

（

）.

4.Whenwebreatheout,theamountofnitrogen

（

）.

5.Theairinthelungschangesthrough（

）.

問題1選項

A.produceenergyforbreathing

B.diffuseimmediatelyintheblood

C.penetrateslowlyintotheairsacs

D.travelinoppositewaysinthelungs

問題2選項

A.moreoxygenwascontainedinblood

B.morecarbondioxidewascontainedintheblood

C.lesscarbondioxidewascontainedinanairsac

D.lessoxygenwascontainedinanairsac

問題3選項

A.helptheexchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideinthelungs

B.preventtheinhalingofexcessivecarbondioxide

C.keeptheregularcirculationofblood

D.strengthenthefunctionofbreathingmuscles

問題4選項

A.increasesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

B.reducesabitbecauseoftheexchangeofair

C.remainsthesameaswebreatheitin

D.keepsthesameasthatneededinlungs

問題5選項

A.inhalingsomeamountofoxygen

B.theevaporationofmoisture

C.exhalingsomeamountofcarbondioxide

D.generatingapassageforevaporation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Sooxygeneasilydiffusesfromtheairsacsthroughthewallsintotheblood,whilecarbondioxideeasilydiffusesfromthebloodthroughthewallsintotheairsacs(所以氧氣很容易穿過薄壁，從肺泡擴散到血液，而二氧化碳則很容易穿過薄壁，從血液擴散到肺泡),故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干為:當(dāng)血液由心臟返回到肺部時…。第二段指出:Sothebloodthatgoesintothewallofanairsaccontainsmuchdissolvedcarbondioxidebutverylittleoxygen(所以進入肺泡的血液含有很多溶解的二氧化碳和很少的氧氣),故選B(血液里含有更多二氧化碳)。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:Breathing,whichiscausedbymovementsofthechest,forcestheusedairoutoftheairsacsinyourlungsandbringsinfreshair(由胸腔運動導(dǎo)致的呼吸將使用過的空氣排出肺泡，然后吸入新鮮空氣)。故選A(幫助氧氣和二氧化碳在肺部交換)。

4.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Sotheamountofnitrogendoesnotchangeasairisbreathedinandout(當(dāng)呼氣和吸氣時，氮氣保持不變)。故選C(吸氣時保持不變)。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:moisturefromtheliningsoftheairpassagesandairsacsevaporatesuntiltheairisalmostsaturated(氣道和氣泡內(nèi)壁水分會蒸發(fā)，直到空氣飽和狀態(tài))。故選B(水分蒸發(fā))。

23.單選題

Thealliessufferedlessthan20（

）whileenemylossesweresaidtobehigh.

問題1選項

A.casualties

B.consequences

C.calamities

D.severities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。casualty意為“(戰(zhàn)爭或事故的)傷員，傷亡”；consequence意為“結(jié)果，后果”；calamity意為“災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難”；severity意為“嚴(yán)重”。

句意：同盟國遭受傷亡的人數(shù)不到20，而敵人的傷亡據(jù)說很高。

24.單選題

Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof（）.

問題1選項

A.persuasion

B.remedy

C.encouragement

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。persuasion“說服”；remedy“補救辦法”；encouragement“鼓勵”；compromise“妥協(xié)”。句意：如果一個人提及到他的弱點，他的聽眾應(yīng)該說一些鼓勵他的話。選項C符合題意。

25.單選題

Itwasfeltthathelackedthe（）topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.

問題1選項

A.petition

B.engagement

C.commitment

D.qualification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項A：petition“請愿，祈求,[法]訴狀”；選項B：engagement“婚約，約會,交戰(zhàn),諾言”；選項C：commitment“獻身,承諾”;選項D:qualification“資格，條件,賦予資格”。由題意可知本題選項C更切合題意，正確。句意：有人認(rèn)為，他缺乏將一項困難的任務(wù)堅持到底的奉獻精神。

26.單選題

Thegirl’s（）conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

問題1選項

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項moot“無實際意義的；未決議的”；B選項prestigious“有名望的；享有聲望的”；C選項abject“卑鄙的；不幸的；可憐的；（境況）凄慘的”；D選項meretricious“俗氣的；華麗而庸俗的”。句意：這位女孩可憐的狀況是因她不能為校友返校節(jié)而找到一件完美的禮服。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

27.單選題

By（

）allofthemoredifficultquestionsbythepress,themayorarousedsuspicionthathewasnotwellinformedintheissues.

問題1選項

A.avoiding

B.considering

C.answering

D.requesting

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。avoid意為“避免”；consider意為“考慮”；answer意為“答復(fù)”；request意為“要求”。

句意：通過回避媒體提出的所有更棘手的問題，市長引起了人們的懷疑，人們認(rèn)為他不了解這個問題。

28.單選題

John（）onhismistakelongafterthetestwasover.

問題1選項

A.considered

B.dwelt

C.contemplate

D.figured

【答案】B

【解析】dwellon為固定搭配，指“細(xì)想，凝思”。句意：測試結(jié)束后很久，約翰還在想著他的錯誤。選項B符合句意。

29.單選題

ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshoweroronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghascertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectb