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THESOCIETYAND
CULUTREOFGREATBRITAIN
BookOneThirdEditionHigherEducationPress
THESOCIETYAND
CULUTREOFRequirementsofthecourseAttendance10%
Class-roompresentation10%Quizs20%FinalexamTest(閉卷)
60%RequirementsofthecourseAtte
ContentsIntroductionHistoryPoliticalSystemIndustryandEconomyLiteratureandCultureReligionsandBeliefsEducationContentsIntroductionUnit1
ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdomPartIAbriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdomPartIIEnglandPartIIIScotlandPartIVWalesUnit1
ABriefIntroductionto英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件whereisit？anislandcountrybythesea.NorthwestAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.EnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.whereisit？anislandcountryGeographicalFeatures
1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:
Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthwestAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.2.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands；andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.GeographicalFeaturesPartone
AbriefIntroductionto
theUnitedKingdomAcomplicatednameforacomplicatedcountryPartone
AbriefIntroductionI.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts1.Geographicalnames:theBritishIslesGreatBritainEnglandtheUnitedKingdom(UK)英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件TheBritishIsles:theislandofGreatBritaintheislandofIrelandsurroundingislesUK=GreatBritain+NorthernIrelandGreatBritain=England+Scotland+WalesTheBritishIsles:2.Officialname:
theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland3.Othernames:
theBritishEmpire(大不列顛帝國(guó))BritishCommonwealthofNations（英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家）
2.Officialname:
AfreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.AfreeassociationofindepLondon(Dominant)Capitalcity,LargestcityLargestportLargestpopulation(oneseventhofthenation’spopulation)FinancialandCommercialcentreCulture(hosttheOlympicGamesin1908,1948,2012)London(Dominant)Capitalcity,Politicalcentre1.Westminstercentralgovernmentadministrativearea2.PalaceofWestminsterHousesofparliament(BigBen)3.WestminsterAbbeyancientchurch4.Whitehall(street)Politicalcentre英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件5.Downingstreet,thehouseofNo.10
officialresidenceofthePrimeMinster6.BuckinghampalaceroyalresidenceoftheQueen5.Downingstreet,thehouseo英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件Culturalcenter(hosttheOlympicGamesin1908,1948,2012)TourismCity
Culturalcenter(hosttheOlyComplicatedcountry1.imperialcountry2.CommonwealthofNations3.memberofEuropeanUnion4.amemberofGroupofSevenComplicatedcountry1.imperial5.multiracial6.asocietywithaclassstructure7.regiondifference(justlikeChina)5.multiracialIV.Climate1.Britain'sfavorableclimate
Britainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.IV.Climate3.Rainfall：
Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Thereisawatersurplusinthenorthandwest,andawaterdeficitinthesouthandeast.3.Rainfall：V.ThePeople
1.populationdistributionandconposition：Total
population:about60millionunevenlydistributedHighlyurbanizedMutiracial/MutinationalV.ThePeople2.Theoriginsorancestorsofthepeople:
Anglo-SaxonstheEnglishCeltstheScots,WelshandIrishnon-Europeanethnicity(Indian,Pakistan,Caribbean,etc.)immigrants2.Theoriginsorancestorsof3.Thecharacterofthepeople：
theEnglish
theScotsRegionaldivision
theWelsh
theIrish
Anglo-SaxonsEthnicalgroup
Celts3.Thecharacterofthepeople：Commoncharacteristics
cautiousadaptableconservative
havestrongnationalconsciousnessCommoncharacteristics
TheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople.Theyaremusicloversandareproudoftheirpast.
TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautiousandthriftypeople,andtheyarealsohospitable,generousandfriendly.
TheIrisharecharm.TheWelshareemotionalandc英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件VI.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.(1)EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.(2)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital:CardiffVI.Threepoliticaldivisionso(3)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth；theCentrallowlands；thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast(3)ScotlandisinthenorthoEnglandInthesouthernpartofGreatBritainThelargest,mostpopuloussectionAnglo-SaxonstheEnglishEnglandAhistoryofinvasionsThefourmajorinvasionsinthehistoryofGreatBritain:EnglandwasoccupiedbyCelticpeople.1.in43ADtheRomanempireAhistoryofinvasionsResult:EnglandandWalesbecameapartoftheRomanempirefornearly400years.TheRomanbuiltmanytowns,road,baths,templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritain’snaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.Result:EnglandandWalesbeca2.The5thcenturyADtheAngle-SaxonResult:
a.TheyeitherabsorbedtheCelticpeopleorpushthemtothewesternandnorthernedgesofBritain.2.The5thcenturyADb.Angle-SaxoninvaderswerecalledastheforefathersoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件3.Thelate8thcenturytheVikingsandDanesResultdividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEnglandwhichcanbeexpressedas"Saxon"versus"Dane".KingAlfredtheGreat
3.Thelate8thcenturyHefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.Hefoundedastrongfleetand4．1066TheNormantheimportantbattleofHastingsResults:a.WilliamtheConquerortooktheEnglishthroneandbecameWilliamtheFirstofEngland.4．1066TheNormanb.Underhisrule,thegreatcastle,TowerofLondonwasbuilt.c.WilliamreplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.b.Underhisrule,thegreatcScotlandThesecondlargestnationHavethemoststrongnationalconfidenceTopography:themostruggedpartthreenaturalzonestheHighlandinthenorth,thecentralLowlands,andtheSouthernUplands.ScotlandThesecondlargestnatCapitalcity:Edinburgh,aGermanicname,afineoldculturalcityknownforitsbeauty,fullofantiques,etc.The(third)largestcity:Glasgow,famousasshipbuildingcentreLanguage:English,GaelicPeoples:theScotsandthePictsCapitalcity:Edinburgh,aGerThehistoryofinvasionsa.ScotlandwasnotconqueredbytheRomans.b.MostofScotlandwasn’tconqueredbyAnglo-Saxons.c.In9thcenturytheVikingsinvadedScotland.ThehistoryofinvasionsRelationshipbetweenEnglandandScotlandAnglo-ScottishconflictCloseties:intermarriageTwoimportantbattles1.TheBattleofBannockburn300Yearsoffullindependence
RelationshipbetweenEnglanda2.TheBattleofCullodenthelastbattleonBritishsoil,theHighlandclanculturewasbadlydestroyed.
2.TheBattleofCullodenPolitics:In1707,ScotlandjoinedtheUnionbyagreementoftheEnglishandtheScottishparliament.Politics:Rights:a.Electparliamentmemberandsent72representativestolondonb.havefarmorecontrolovertheirownaffairsthantheWelshC.havenoseparateparliamentRights:Party:TheLabourPartyTheScottishNationalPartyTheConservativePartyCulturesymbol:kilt/tartanFamoussong:AuldLangSynebytheScotlandpoetRobertBurns
Party:
Should
old
acquaintancebeforgot,
andneverbroughttomind?
Should
old
acquaintancebeforgot,
and
old
langsyne?副歌:Forauldlangsyne,mydear,
forauldlangsyne,
we'lltakeacupofkindnessyet,
forauldlangsyne.Andsurelyyou’ll
buy
yourpint
cup
!
andsurelyI’ll
buy
mine!
Andwe'lltakeacupo’kindnessyet,
forauldlangsyne.副歌We
twohave
runaboutthe
slopes,
and
picked
the
daisies
fine;
Butwe’vewandered
many
aweary
foot,
since
auldlangsyne.副歌We
twohavepaddled
inthe
stream,
from
morningsuntilldine;
Butseasbetweenus
broadhaveroared
since
auldlangsyne.副歌Andthere’sahandmytrusty
friend
!
And
giveus
ahando’thine!
Andwe’ll
take
aright
good-willdraught,
forauldlangsyne.Should
old
acquaintancebefo
WalesInthewestofGreatBritain.ThesmallestnationonBritishmainland,largerthanNorthernIrelandTopography:PastureCapital:Cardiff(320,000people)WalesLanguage:English/Welsh(19%),Localismisdeep-rooted.Economy:Traditionalindustry:Coal-mining,coalandsteelNewindustriesbyattractinginvestmentLanguage:English/Welsh(19%),Historyofinvasion:a.WaleswasconqueredbytheRomans.b.Waleswasn’treallyconqueredbyAnglo-SaxonsandtheVikings.c.WaleswasinvadedbytheNormansHistoryofinvasion:RelationshipwithEnglanda.WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernations.b.WaleswasalwaysunderthreatfromEnglandaftertheNormanconquest.RelationshipwithEnglandIn1536,Waleswasbroughtlegally,adminstratively,politicallyintotheUKbyanactoftheBritishParliament.Politics:
Electparliamentmemberandsent38representativestoLondonIn1536,WaleswasbroughtlegaParty:TheNationalistPartyPlaidCymru/ThePartyofWalesLegendaryheroesofWelshnationalism:GlyndwrandLlywelynCulture:TheLandofSongParty:TheWelshkeeptheirlanguageandcultureinthisway:ThroughouttheyeartheyhavefestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycalledEisteddfodau(藝術(shù)年會(huì)).ThegreateventoftheyearistheNationalEisteddfod.OntheseoccasionscompetitionsareheldinWelshpoetry,music,singingandart.TheWelshkeeptheirlanguage
NorthernIrelandOldname:UlsterthesmallestinareaandpopulationTopography:Lowhillsandlakedistrict,ruggedcoastlineslandmark:Giant’sCauseway
Capital:Belfast(about480000people,Titanicwasbuiltthere
)
NorthernIrelaCultureandFigures(4thpara.onPage20)Industry:shipbuildingandaircraftmanufactureEconomy:stagnant(why)LowcrimeandmurderrateLowwealthperheadLowlivingcostCultureandFigures(4thpara.IrishQuestion(politicaltroubles):thegreatestheadacheoftheBritishGovernmentPeople:dividedonthequestionofreligionandnationalloyaltyProtestantsReligionCatholicsIrishQuestion(politicaltrouUlsterloyalistsnationalloyaltytheUnionistsU6.IrishQuestion(politicaltroubles):thegreatestheadacheoftheBritishGovernment
ThemainprobleminNorthernIreland:thefightbetweentheProtestantsandtheRomanCatholics6.IrishQuestion(politicalttheProtestants:thedominantgrouptheRomanCatholics:seekingmoresocial,politicalandeconomicopportunities
HistoryofnationalproblemReasons:
a.Ireland:thefirstcolonyb.Greathatred,littleroomtheProtestants:thedominantThechangeofsituationPursueIrishindependenceHome–rule
IrishpoliticalcontroloverIrishaffairsGuerillaor
terroristactivities
Thechangeofsituation
1.
theEasterRisingof1916:
wasthemostspectacularevent,inwhichtherebelstookoverDublin'sPostOffice,forcingtheBritishtoretakeitbymilitarymeans.
2.
thefightingofIRAin19193.theSinnFein英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件APartitionofIreland(1921)Bringtoanend700yearsofBritishruleinsouthernIrelandThesouthern26countiesformanindependentstateThenorth-eastern6countiesremainapartoftheUKAPartitionofIreland(1921PoliticsasapartoftheUKSent12representativestoLondonStormont:aparliamentofitsownPartylegal:a.theSinnFeinpartyb.SDLP:SocialDemocraticandLabourPartyIRA:IrishRepublicanArmy(illegal)PoliticsasapartoftheUKPoliticaltroublesinNorthernIreland(famous):IndigenousRomanCatholicsvs.ProtestantimmigratesThefuseoftherevoltinthe1970sPoliticaltroublesinNorthernAPartitionofIreland(1921)Bringtoanend700yearsofBritishruleinsouthernIrelandThesouthern26countiesformanindependentstateThenorth-eastern6countiesremainapartoftheUKAPartitionofIreland(1921Generalreasons:sectariandistrustanddownrighthatredFeatures:bloody,chaotic,disastrous,terroristMeans:marches,speeches,sit-ins,strikeevenriots(tit-for-tatorrevengekillings)Generalreasons:sectariandisResults:mostofthecasualtiesofcivilians1969eventTheProvisionalIRAParamilitarygroupsGettoesinNorthernIrishcitiesThepolicyofInternmentTheBloodySundayResults:mostofthecasualtieSolution1973agreement1985agreement1993DowningStreetDeclaration1994ceasefireSolutiontheGoodFridayAgreementtheGoodFridayAgreement
THESOCIETYAND
CULUTREOFGREATBRITAIN
BookOneThirdEditionHigherEducationPress
THESOCIETYAND
CULUTREOFRequirementsofthecourseAttendance10%
Class-roompresentation10%Quizs20%FinalexamTest(閉卷)
60%RequirementsofthecourseAtte
ContentsIntroductionHistoryPoliticalSystemIndustryandEconomyLiteratureandCultureReligionsandBeliefsEducationContentsIntroductionUnit1
ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdomPartIAbriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdomPartIIEnglandPartIIIScotlandPartIVWalesUnit1
ABriefIntroductionto英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件whereisit？anislandcountrybythesea.NorthwestAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.EnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.whereisit？anislandcountryGeographicalFeatures
1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:
Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthwestAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.2.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands；andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.GeographicalFeaturesPartone
AbriefIntroductionto
theUnitedKingdomAcomplicatednameforacomplicatedcountryPartone
AbriefIntroductionI.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts1.Geographicalnames:theBritishIslesGreatBritainEnglandtheUnitedKingdom(UK)英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件TheBritishIsles:theislandofGreatBritaintheislandofIrelandsurroundingislesUK=GreatBritain+NorthernIrelandGreatBritain=England+Scotland+WalesTheBritishIsles:2.Officialname:
theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland3.Othernames:
theBritishEmpire(大不列顛帝國(guó))BritishCommonwealthofNations（英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家）
2.Officialname:
AfreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.AfreeassociationofindepLondon(Dominant)Capitalcity,LargestcityLargestportLargestpopulation(oneseventhofthenation’spopulation)FinancialandCommercialcentreCulture(hosttheOlympicGamesin1908,1948,2012)London(Dominant)Capitalcity,Politicalcentre1.Westminstercentralgovernmentadministrativearea2.PalaceofWestminsterHousesofparliament(BigBen)3.WestminsterAbbeyancientchurch4.Whitehall(street)Politicalcentre英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件5.Downingstreet,thehouseofNo.10
officialresidenceofthePrimeMinster6.BuckinghampalaceroyalresidenceoftheQueen5.Downingstreet,thehouseo英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件Culturalcenter(hosttheOlympicGamesin1908,1948,2012)TourismCity
Culturalcenter(hosttheOlyComplicatedcountry1.imperialcountry2.CommonwealthofNations3.memberofEuropeanUnion4.amemberofGroupofSevenComplicatedcountry1.imperial5.multiracial6.asocietywithaclassstructure7.regiondifference(justlikeChina)5.multiracialIV.Climate1.Britain'sfavorableclimate
Britainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.IV.Climate3.Rainfall：
Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Thereisawatersurplusinthenorthandwest,andawaterdeficitinthesouthandeast.3.Rainfall：V.ThePeople
1.populationdistributionandconposition：Total
population:about60millionunevenlydistributedHighlyurbanizedMutiracial/MutinationalV.ThePeople2.Theoriginsorancestorsofthepeople:
Anglo-SaxonstheEnglishCeltstheScots,WelshandIrishnon-Europeanethnicity(Indian,Pakistan,Caribbean,etc.)immigrants2.Theoriginsorancestorsof3.Thecharacterofthepeople：
theEnglish
theScotsRegionaldivision
theWelsh
theIrish
Anglo-SaxonsEthnicalgroup
Celts3.Thecharacterofthepeople：Commoncharacteristics
cautiousadaptableconservative
havestrongnationalconsciousnessCommoncharacteristics
TheWelshareemotionalandcheerfulpeople.Theyaremusicloversandareproudoftheirpast.
TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautiousandthriftypeople,andtheyarealsohospitable,generousandfriendly.
TheIrisharecharm.TheWelshareemotionalandc英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件VI.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.(1)EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.(2)WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital:CardiffVI.Threepoliticaldivisionso(3)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth；theCentrallowlands；thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast(3)ScotlandisinthenorthoEnglandInthesouthernpartofGreatBritainThelargest,mostpopuloussectionAnglo-SaxonstheEnglishEnglandAhistoryofinvasionsThefourmajorinvasionsinthehistoryofGreatBritain:EnglandwasoccupiedbyCelticpeople.1.in43ADtheRomanempireAhistoryofinvasionsResult:EnglandandWalesbecameapartoftheRomanempirefornearly400years.TheRomanbuiltmanytowns,road,baths,templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritain’snaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.Result:EnglandandWalesbeca2.The5thcenturyADtheAngle-SaxonResult:
a.TheyeitherabsorbedtheCelticpeopleorpushthemtothewesternandnorthernedgesofBritain.2.The5thcenturyADb.Angle-SaxoninvaderswerecalledastheforefathersoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.英語國(guó)家社會(huì)與文化入門(unit12)課件3.Thelate8thcenturytheVikingsandDanesResultdividebetweennorthernersandsouthernersinEnglandwhichcanbeexpressedas"Saxon"versus"Dane".KingAlfredtheGreat
3.Thelate8thcenturyHefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.Hefoundedastrongfleetand4．1066TheNormantheimportantbattleofHastingsResults:a.WilliamtheConquerortooktheEnglishthroneandbecameWilliamtheFirstofEngland.4．1066TheNormanb.Underhisrule,thegreatcastle,TowerofLondonwasbuilt.c.WilliamreplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.b.Underhisrule,thegreatcScotlandThesecondlargestnationHavethemoststrongnationalconfidenceTopography:themostruggedpartthreenaturalzonestheHighlandinthenorth,thecentralLowlands,andtheSouthernUplands.ScotlandThesecondlargestnatCapitalcity:Edinburgh,aGermanicname,afineoldculturalcityknownforitsbeauty,fullofantiques,etc.The(third)largestcity:Glasgow,famousasshipbuildingcentreLanguage:English,GaelicPeoples:theScotsandthePictsCapitalcity:Edinburgh,aGerThehistoryofinvasionsa.ScotlandwasnotconqueredbytheRomans.b.MostofScotlandwasn’tconqueredbyAnglo-Saxons.c.In9thcenturytheVikingsinvadedScotland.ThehistoryofinvasionsRelationshipbetweenEnglandandScotlandAnglo-ScottishconflictCloseties:intermarriageTwoimportantbattles1.TheBattleofBannockburn300Yearsoffullindependence
RelationshipbetweenEnglanda2.TheBattleofCullodenthelastbattleonBritishsoil,theHighlandclanculturewasbadlydestroyed.
2.TheBattleofCullodenPolitics:In1707,ScotlandjoinedtheUnionbyagreementoftheEnglishandtheScottishparliament.Politics:Rights:a.Electparliamentmemberandsent72representativestolondonb.havefarmorecontrolovertheirownaffairsthantheWelshC.havenoseparateparliamentRights:Party:TheLabourPartyTheScottishNationalPartyTheConservativePartyCulturesymbol:kilt/tartanFamoussong:AuldLangSynebytheScotlandpoetRobertBurns
Party:
Should
old
acquaintancebeforgot,
andneverbroughttomind?
Should
old
acquaintancebeforgot,
and
old
langsyne?副歌:Forauldlangsyne,mydear,
forauldlangsyne,
we'lltakeacupofkindnessyet,
forauldlangsyne.Andsurelyyou’ll
buy
yourpint
cup
!
andsurelyI’ll
buy
mine!
Andwe'lltakeacupo’kindnessyet,
forauldlangsyne.副歌We
twohave
runaboutthe
slopes,
and
picked
the
daisies
fine;
Butwe’vewandered
many
aweary
foot,
since
auldlangsyne.副歌We
twohavepaddled
inthe
stream,
from
morningsuntilldine;
Butseasbetweenus
broadhaveroared
since
auldlangsyne.副歌Andthere’sahandmytrusty
friend
!
And
giveus
ahando’thine!
Andwe’ll
take
aright
good-willdraught,
forauldlangsyne.Should
old
acquaintancebefo
WalesInthewestofGreatBritain.ThesmallestnationonBritishmainland,largerthanNorthernIrelandTopography:PastureCapital:Cardiff(320,000people)WalesLanguage:English/Welsh(19%),Localismisdeep-rooted.Economy:Traditionalindustry:Coal-mining,coalandsteelNewindustriesbyattractinginvestmentLanguage:English/Welsh(19%),Historyofinvasion:a.WaleswasconqueredbytheRomans.b.Waleswasn’treallyconqueredbyAnglo-SaxonsandtheVikings.c.WaleswasinvadedbytheNormansHistoryofinvasion:RelationshipwithEnglanda.WaleshasbeendominatedbyEnglandforlongerthantheothernations.b.WaleswasalwaysunderthreatfromEnglandaftertheNormanconquest.RelationshipwithEnglandIn1536,Waleswasbroughtlegally,adminstratively,politicallyintotheUKbyanactoftheBritishParliament.Politics:
Electparliamentmemberandsent38representativestoLondonIn1536,WaleswasbroughtlegaParty:TheNationalistPartyPlaidCymru/ThePartyofWalesLegendaryheroesofWelshnationalism:GlyndwrandLlywelynCulture:TheLandofSongParty:TheWelshkeeptheirlanguageandcultureinthisway:ThroughouttheyeartheyhavefestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycalledEisteddfodau(藝術(shù)年會(huì)).ThegreateventoftheyearistheNationalEisteddfod.OntheseoccasionscompetitionsareheldinWelshpoetry,music,singingandart.TheWelshkeeptheirlanguage
NorthernIrelandOldname:UlsterthesmallestinareaandpopulationTopography:Lowhillsandlakedistrict,ruggedcoastlineslandmark:Giant’sCauseway
Capital:Belfast(about480000people,Titanicwasbuiltthere
)
NorthernIrelaCultureandFigures(4thpara.onPage20)Industry:shipbuildingandaircraf
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