版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
TheClassicalWorldofDavidRicardoandComparativeAdvantageChapter3LearningObjectivesExplaincomparativeadvantageasthebasisoftrade.Identifythedifferencebetweenabsoluteandcomparativeadvantage.Calculategainsfromtradeina2x2model.Illustratecomparativeadvantageusingproductionpossibilityfrontiers.AssumptionsoftheRicardianModelA2-country,2-commodityworldPerfectcompetitionNotransportationcostsFactorsmobileinternally,immobileinternationallyConstantcostsofproductionFixedtechnologyforeachcountryAllresourcesarefullyemployedThe“l(fā)abortheoryofvalue”holdsNotationLet:ax=labortimetoproduce1XincountryAay=labortimetoproduce1YincountryAbx=labortimetoproduce1XincountryBby=labortimetoproduce1YincountryBComparativeAdvantageDefinedCountryAhasacomparativeadvantageingoodXif:(Px/Py)A<(Px/Py)B
ORifax/ay<
bx/byORifax/bx<
ay/byIfcountryAhasacomparativeadvantageingoodX,
countryBmusthaveacomparativeadvantageingoodY.ComparativeAdvantage:AnExample3-6ComparativeAdvantageSincetheU.S.’sAPRforcornislowerthanMexico’s(1/5<1/2),theU.S.musthaveacomparativeadvantageincorn.SinceMexico’sAPRforblanketsislowerthantheU.S.’s(2<5),Mexicomusthaveacomparativeadvantageinblankets.ComparativeAdvantageandtheTotalGainsfromTradeRicardo’sargumentisthattradewillbemutuallyadvantageousaslongasthetwocountries’autarkypriceratiosaredifferent.Howdoweknowthatthisistrue?ComparativeAdvantageandtheTotalGainsfromTradeTheProductionPossibilitiesFrontier(PPF)isthesetofallcombinationsofgoodsthatacountryiscapableofproducing,givenavailabletechnologyandresources.SupposeinourexampletheU.S.has1000hoursoflaboravailableandMexicohas1800.U.S.ProductionPossibilities1000CornBlankets200500100ASlope:rise/run=-1000/200=-5SlopeofthePPFforthisexample,-5Notice:theslope(inabsolutevalue)istheAPRofthegoodonthehorizontalaxis.Therefore,theslopeistheopportunitycostofthegoodonthehorizontalaxis.Theslopeisalsothemarginalrateoftransformation.Mexico’sProductionPossibilities600CornBlankets300Slope=-2,ortheopportunitycostofblanketsClassicalModel:TheGainsfromTradeSupposethatinautarky,theU.S.isatpointA,producingandconsuming500cornand100blankets.Supposethatinautarky,MexicoisatpointB,producingandconsuming300cornand150blankets.U.S.ProductionPossibilities1000CornBlankets200500100AMexico’sProductionPossibilities600CornBlankets300300150BClassicalModel:TheGainsfromTradeSupposenowthattheU.S.andMexicoagreetotradeatan“exchangerate”of1B=3.33C(or,1C=.3B).IftheU.S.specializesincorn,howmanyunitsofcorncoulditproduce?1000.IfMexicospecializesinblanketmanufacture,howmanyblanketscouldbemade?300.TheGainsfromTrade:U.S.IftheU.S.wantstocontinuetoconsume500C,theywillnowhave500Ctotradeforblankets.Ifthe“exchangerate”is1B=3.33C(or,1C=.3B),howmanyblanketscantheU.S.getinexchangefor500C?150Therefore,theU.S.canconsumeoutsideitsPPF(topointC)bytrading!U.S.ProductionPossibilities1000CornBlankets200500100CA150TheGainsfromTrade:MexicoIfMexicowantstocontinuetoconsume150B,theywillnowhave150Btotradeforcorn.Ifthe“exchangerate”is1B=3.33C(or,1C=.3B),howmuchcorncanMexicogetinexchangefor150B?500Therefore,MexicocanalsomoveoutsideitsPPF(topointD)bytrading!Mexico’sProductionPossibilities600CornBlankets300150B300500DTheGainsfromTradeNote:Ingeneral,theRicardianmodelresultsincompletespecialization.However,intradebetweenasmallandalargecountrythesmallcountrymaynotbeabletoproduceenoughtosatisfythelargecountry;thelargecountrymightthenpartiallyspecialize.TheConsumptionPossibilitiesFrontier(CPF)TheCPFisacollectionofpointsthatrepresentcombinationsofcornandblanketsthatacountrycanconsumeifittrades.U.S.ConsumptionPossibilities1000CornBlankets200500100CA150300CPFTheConsumptionPossibilitiesFrontier(CPF)TheCPF’sslopeisthesameasthetermsoftrade.TheCPFpivotsaroundtheproductionpoint.Iftradeistothebenefitofacountry,theCPFliesoutsidethePPF.Mexico’sConsumptionPossibilities600CornBlankets300150B300500D1000CPFTheLimitstoMutuallyAdvantageousTrade“Exchangerate”mustbeatleastasgreatasMexico’sAPR.“Exchangerate”mustbenogreaterthantheU.S.’sAPR.Bottomline:westilldon’tknowhowthetermsoftradewillbedetermined,buttheymustbebetweenthecountries’APRsiftradeistobemutuallybeneficial.TheCPFand“Small”CountriesThenearerarethetermsoftradetoac
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 青島版三年級信息技術(shù)下冊教案全冊
- 2024年廚衛(wèi)電器市場分析:我國廚衛(wèi)電器市場規(guī)模為2000億元
- 2024-2025學(xué)年初中信息技術(shù)(信息科技)初中一年級冀教版(2017)教學(xué)設(shè)計合集
- 2024年秋季學(xué)期個人學(xué)習(xí)計劃
- 2024年廣東畢業(yè)生就業(yè)協(xié)議書
- 2024年一年級上冊語文教學(xué)工作計劃
- 走過四季作文600字
- 2024-2025學(xué)年初中美術(shù)七年級上冊(2024)嶺南版(2024)教學(xué)設(shè)計合集
- 小學(xué)語文模擬練習(xí)試卷期中綜合復(fù)習(xí)模擬考試
- 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全挑戰(zhàn)原因分析
- 結(jié)核病與心理健康:心理干預(yù)在結(jié)核病治療中的重要性
- 《新媒體導(dǎo)論》(第二版)-課件 第5、6章 新媒體的社交化:社會化媒體的發(fā)展及其應(yīng)用、新媒體的移動化:新時空下的新傳播
- 對安全生產(chǎn)方針的解析安全生產(chǎn)
- 關(guān)于違規(guī)收受禮品禮金警示教育心得體會范文
- 盤扣式鋼管腳手架驗收記錄表
- 《13875界面設(shè)計》自考復(fù)習(xí)必備題庫(含答案)
- 部編版小學(xué)語文五年級上冊課內(nèi)閱讀題(含答案)
- 2023年造價工程師《工程計價》真題和答案及解析
- 送電線路工(初級工)技能理論考試題庫(含答案)
- 16J607-建筑節(jié)能門窗
- 納稅實務(wù)課程說課課件
評論
0/150
提交評論