定語從句專項語法講義-高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊

PAGE3定語從句在句中作定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常跟在先行詞之后，由關系代詞或關系副詞引出。關系代詞:who,whom,whose,that,which等關系副詞:when,where,why等Thisisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.先行詞Antecedent

(aword,phrase,sentence)Thebeautyofawomanisnottheclothesshewears,thefigurethatshecarriesorthewayshecombsherhair.Thebeautyofawomanmustbeseenfrominhereyes,becausethatisthedoorwaytoherheart,theplacewhereloveresides.

Onlythosewhohavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectlyeveracquiretheskilltododifficultthingseasily.itbringstogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.Hesaidhehadnotime,whichisn’ttrue.Mygirlfriendlikesdancingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.關系詞(relativepron./adv.)重復指代先行詞,起連接主句和從句的作用,并且在從句中充當一定成分。一、關系代詞which;thatWhich在定語從句中做主語或賓語。that指人或物，在從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時可以省略。Thisisthebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterday.Themanwho/thatemployedmeisanengineer.Heisgoingtoinvitehisdistantrelatives(who/whom/that)hehasneverseenbefore二、關系代詞who;whomWho（主格）在定語從句中做主語或賓語。Whom（賓格），在從句中做賓語，做賓語時可以省略。Themanwhoistalkingtomyfatherisaprofessor.Heistheman(who/whom)Isawinthereading-roomyesterday.注意一：在下列幾種情況下，定語從句的關系代詞只能用that:1當先行詞為不定代詞時，如：something,anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,littleAllthatIknowishisname.2先行詞有all,every,no,some,any,only,few,little等修飾時Youcantakeanyseatthatisn’toccupied.3先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時Thefirstonethatarrivesherewillbegivenalittlegift.ThemostbeautifulplacethatIhavevisitedisJiuZhaiGou.4先行詞既指人，又指物時TheplacesandthepeoplethatIvisitedhasleftadeepimpressiononme.5先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時HeistheverymanthatIamlookingfor.6避免關聯(lián)詞在一個句子中重復時Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeechtothestudents?Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Ourhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.(that在從句中做表語,不用which)Heisnotthemanthathewas.(that做表語)他已不是過去的他了.Thewaythat/inwhich/不填thesestudentslookatproblemsisnotright.Sheisthetopstudent,whotheysayhaswonchampionshipintherace.注意二：下列情況下，定語從句的關系代詞只能用who當先行詞為人稱代詞或指示代詞時，Those__who_____areover80cangetfreetickets.He__who_____isnot

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wise.注意三：在“介詞+關系代詞”這種結構中，關系代詞通常用which或whom,該關系代詞不能Fortunately,IhaveobtainedthejobforwhichIapplied.=whichIappliedfor.=thatIappliedfor.省略。Doyouknowtheman(who/that/whom)myfatherisspeakingto?Doyouknowthemantowhommyfatherisspeaking?Heistheman(who/whom/that)Iamlookingfor.Wrong:HeisthemanforwhomIamlooking.1.看從句的動詞：所用動詞與定語從句的動詞構成固定搭配Thegoalsforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.看從句的形容詞HereferedmetosomereferencebookswithwhichI’mnotveryfamiliar.Theywillpassalongtheirfreshimpressionstotheyouthgroupsinwhichtheyareactive.3.看先行詞選介詞TheeasewithwhichmissJincrackedthecomplexsentencewasunbelievable.Theeasewasunbelievable.MissJincrackedthecomplexsentencewitheaseandtheeasewasunbelievable.=Theease(MissJincrackedthecomplexsentencewithwhich)wasunbelievable.對于這個復雜的句子，金老師能夠如此輕而易舉的分析出來，這真是讓人難以置信！看句意選介詞Ourlifeislikeawheelwithsixspokes:family,financial,physical,mental,social,andspiritual.Thephysicalspokeisourhealth,withoutwhichnothingmakessense.我們的人生就像一個六軸心的齒輪：家庭、經(jīng)濟、身體、思想、社會、精神。其中，身體之軸就是指我們的健康，沒有了健康，任何事情都是毫無意義的。5.表示所屬關系或者部分與整體的關系用ofThetotalcultivationalareais13,oooacres,ofwhich10,000acresareirrigatedfields.Livinginthedeserthasitsproblems,ofwhichobtainingwaterisnottheleast.三、關系代詞whose的用法Theboygotthefirstprize.Theboy’sfatherisanengineer.Theboywhosefatherisanengineergotthefirstprize.WhenIlookedthroughthewindow,Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.窗戶朝南的房間是我的。Theroomwhosewindowsfacesouthismine.Theroomthewindowsofwhichfacesouthismine.Theroomofwhichthewindowsfacesouthismine.四、關系副詞when,where,why在從句中做狀語,相當于“介詞+which”結構。Beijingistheplace.Iwasbornintheplace.BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.September1,1985wasthedaywhenIwasborn.=onwhichCanyoutellmethereasonwhyheislate?=forwhichThisisthevillage(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.I’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinthiscity.Thisisthereasonwhich/thatcanexplainhisabsence.Thisisthereasonwhyheisabsent.Where引導定語從句,先行詞可以是含有地點意義的其他各種名詞Annie:youknowthatdreamwhereyouarewalkingdownthestreetnakedandeveryoneislookingatyou?Becky:Ilovethatdream.Annie:Thatwasnothingcomparedtothishumiliation,nothingCheatingismostlylikelyinsituationswherethevitalinterestsarehighandthechancesofgettingcaughtarelow.Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.五、as引導的定語從句,as在句中可做主語,表語和賓語。1.suchas;thesameasWehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.ThisisthesamebookasIreadyesterday.2.thesameas