考研英語長難句高頻句型詳解附譯文

考研英語長難句高頻句型詳解附譯文TheAmericaneconomicsystemis,organizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented-economyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.［參考譯文］美國的經(jīng)濟是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導向經(jīng)濟為架構的，在這種經(jīng)濟中，消費者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務付費來決定什么應該被制造出來.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.［參考譯文］因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟體系中，個體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來制造它們。（coupledwith與……相結合）eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers即使是一個人群中最有影響力的成員也不會與那么多的人進行互動其他成分:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey狀語一whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence一定語從句做插入語奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個媒體功能的影響，而不是人際關系的影響參考譯文：研究者的觀點源自于對社會影響的簡單觀察：除了個別像奧普拉?溫弗瑞這樣的名人，即使是一個人群中最有影響力的成員也不會與那么多的人進行互動。而奧普拉非凡的存在主要是一個媒體功能的影響,而不是人際關系的影響。二、Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage/zownednmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.詞匯突破：passionate熱衷于???leverage利用alert通知長難句解析:Consumersmaycreate"earned"mediaAcompanymayleverage"owned“media其他成分：passionateaboutaproduct熱衷于某一產(chǎn)品定語bywillinglypromotingittofriends狀語bysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite狀語可以通過發(fā)送郵件給其網(wǎng)站的注冊用戶，提示他們產(chǎn)品和消費信息參考譯文:熱衷于某一產(chǎn)品的消費者，可以通過自愿推薦給朋友的方式,創(chuàng)建免費口碑媒體。企業(yè)可以通過發(fā)送郵件給其網(wǎng)站的注冊用戶，提示他們產(chǎn)品和銷售信息。三、Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.句子不難，并列較多，一個個的切分。長難句解析：researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuit(滿足)theirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanying(隨之而來的)technology.其他成分：Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity狀語參考譯文：在科學界的復雜社會結構中，研究者做出發(fā)現(xiàn);編輯和評審者控制發(fā)現(xiàn)的發(fā)表過程進而扮演著看門人的角色;其他科學家則使用這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)來滿足自己的需要;最后，公眾包括其他科學家接受這個新發(fā)現(xiàn)及其可能隨之而來的技術。四、CertainlytheBritainbeyondLondonandthesouth-eastthatMrsMaywantstoconquer—callittheMayanEmpire—islesseconomicallyadvanced.IfitwereacountryitwouldbeaboutasrichasSpain,withaGDPperpersonone-tenthbelowtheEUaverage.參考譯文：當然梅姨想要征服的倫敦以外的大不列顛和英國東南地區(qū)一一稱之為"梅帝國"吧——經(jīng)濟沒那么發(fā)達。如果組成一個國家，貧富程度會和西班牙差不多，人均GDP低于歐盟平均水平十分之一。五、TheWorldHealthOrganisationhasclearedcoffeeofcausingcancer,butadetailedinvestigationhasfoundthatveryhotdrinksmaybelinkedtocanceroftheoesophagus,orgullet.Coffeewasclassifiedasapossiblecauseofcancerin1991,buttheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC),whichispartofWHO,hasnowreconsideredtheevidence.Itcarriedoutadetailedreviewofthemanystudiespublishedonthesubjectandfoundthatcoffeedrinkershavenoreasontoworry.IARCalsoinvestigatedtheherbaldrinkmate,alsoknownaschimarraoorcimarron,whichiswidelyconsumedinSouthAmerica,whereoesophagealcancerismorecommonthaninotherpartsoftheworld.Theexpertsfoundthatmatewasnotacauseofcancer,buttheybelievethetemperatureatwhichitisdrunkprobablyis-andthatotherveryhotdrinkscouldalsobelinkedtooesophagealcancer.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?Somecancersmayberelatedtothetemperatureofgullet.Thecoffeematemaybethecauseofoesophagealcancer.Thereaserchermayfindsomenewevidenceforcimarroncancer.TheWHOmayfindsomenewcauseforthecancer.長難句解析：Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?看好了四個都有may!Somecancersmayberelatedtothetemperatureofgullet.文章中說的是:thetemperatureofdrink!偷換！Thecoffeematemaybethecauseofoesophagealcancer.應該是飲品的溫度！Thereaserchermayfindsomenewevidenceforcimarroncancer.cimarroncancer我都不知道這是什么癌癥!是我拼湊的！TheWHOmayfindsomenewcauseforthecancer.somenewcause=thetemperatureofdrink!同意替換!模糊替換!完美!所以D是正確選項！六、Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive/1orleft-liberalpropaganda.詞匯突破：athome熟悉的，盛行propaganda宣傳工具progressive激進的長難句解析：AhasbeenreplacedbyB.A=thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampusB二theuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,11orleft-liberalpropaganda.參考譯文：令人感傷的是，曾經(jīng)在大學校園里流行并盛行被探究精神,被“使用人文和社會科學作為推行漸進的或者左派自由的宣傳之工具〃所代替。七、Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.長難句解析：ProfessorsroutinelytreatAasB（認為A是B）while但是ProfessorsportrayCasD（認為C是D）A=theprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyB=thepropersubjectofstudyC=thepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas--suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance一D=fallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutineintellectualinvestigation,andsometimesfallingoutsidetheboundariesoflegitimateintellectualinvestigation.參考譯文:今天的教授們通常會把對于歷史的進步的解讀已經(jīng)漸進的公共政策作為恰當?shù)难芯繉ο?而認為保守的或者是經(jīng)典的自由主義比如自由市場或者自我的依賴，是在常規(guī)的知識探究范疇之外東西，有時甚至認為其是在正當?shù)闹R探究范疇外的東西。、Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.詞匯突破：bevalidatedby為所證實dependsupon取決于reliability可靠性appropriateness適應性interpreted解釋長難句解析：AdependsuponBandonCA取決于B和C;A=Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformance這些測試在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實B二theamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationused所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應性C=wisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.解釋這些信息的技能和才智參考譯文：這些測試在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適應性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。f,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscostzthiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.［參考譯文］另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會反過來降低價格,并允許更多的消費者購買產(chǎn)品。IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.［參考譯文］在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個產(chǎn)品價格和與另一個私人個體（經(jīng)濟單位）自由簽訂合同的權利。［embrace擁抱；欣然接受：包括】Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployersarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.［參考譯文］同時這些計算機記錄下哪些時間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們（計算機）也能為促銷活動找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權的顧客。［personnelandstaffingassignments人員人事安排】【promotionalcampaigns促銷活動】［accordingly相應地】Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.［參考譯文］不計其數(shù)的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠，都通過計算機的使用給消費者帶來更好、更有效率的服務。Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.［參考譯文］殘疾兒童在許多關鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。［Exceptionalchildren殘疾兒童】［somesignificantway關鍵方面】Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.［參考譯文］在過去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關注表明了我們社會中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是：所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機會?！総hegreatinterestin對于……的巨大關注】Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.［參考譯文］它（廣告）能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價格被迅速分銷出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一個堅固的國內(nèi)市場，同時也使以具有競爭力的價格提供出口變得可能。［thereby因此】【atcompetitiveprices以具有競爭力的價格】Apartfromthefactthat27actsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertisingznoregularadvertiserdarepromoteproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.［參考譯文］除去議會有27件法案來規(guī)范廣告的條件，沒有任何一個正式的廣告商敢于推銷一種商品卻不能兌現(xiàn)其在廣告中的承諾。Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformationandthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolorofashirtissubtlypersuasive-advertisingwoundbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.［參考譯文］如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就廣告而言，如果這不是完全不可能達到的，也是非常難做的，因為即便是一個諸如襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣的細節(jié)都會具有微妙的說服意味，那么廣告就會如此地乏味以至于沒有人會關注它。Theworkerswhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.［參考譯文］得到了升遷的工人們，成績進步的學生，學會了一門新語言的外國人一一這些都是那些有可衡量的結果所顯示其努力的人們的例證。Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.［參考譯文］隨著家庭離開他們原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)，離開他們多年的朋友和擴展的家庭關系，非正式的信息流動被切斷了，隨之而去的是對在需要時能獲得可靠和值得信賴的信息的信心。Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consuming,andsometimesevenoverwhelming.［參考譯文］現(xiàn)在每個人能夠得到的信息比任何時代的人都多，而找到與他/她的特定問題相關的那一點信息的任務不僅復雜、耗時，有時甚至令人難以招。Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.［參考譯文］通過遠程會議，專家知識可以在全世界范圍內(nèi)被分享，而被爭論的問題能夠得到解決，同時相關人員也不必離開他們的家庭或工作跑到一個遙遠的開會地點。【expertise專門知識：專家的評價】Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirBtypefellows.［參考譯文］現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學或時間競爭的熱情導致了一個雙層結構，在這個結構里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour\reasonablyconnectedmanner.［參考譯文］在跟你談話的時候，可能成為你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、經(jīng)驗和其他資格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的\商品\和能力一定要以一種有條不紊而且合情合理的相互關聯(lián)的方式被展示出來。TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itss