被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高考復(fù)習(xí)課件

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)1一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義：語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，則為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義：2

二、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成

1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：2）一般過去時(shí)：3）一般將來時(shí)：Youarerequiredtodothis.Thestorywastoldbyher.

Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.You34）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：7)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.

Thenewroadwasbeingmade.Thenovelhasbeenread.

Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：4現(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞tell為例，列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)完成式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成be(am，is，are)toldbe(was，were)toldshall/willbetoldshould/wouldbetoldbe(am，is，are)beingtoldbe(was，were)beingtoldhave/hasbeentoldhadbeentold現(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞tell為例，列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式51.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過去分詞1.Theymakeshoesinthat62.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were+過去分詞2.Theyboughttencompu73．LingFeng

cantakegoodcareof

Polly

．Polly

canbetakengoodcareof

byLingFeng.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞3．LingFengcantakegoodcare84.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí)：S+will+be+過去分詞4.Theywillfinishtheworkin95.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞5.106．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞6．Wehavemadetwentymore117．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

S+was/were+being+過去分詞7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat12PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人講英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動(dòng)句。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有單賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換：(一)主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被13Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子。2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.

昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。

Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).2)把賓語(yǔ)從句里的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)把賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)變成不定式短語(yǔ)。1)用先行的it作形式主語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句變成后置的主語(yǔ)從句；Peoplebelievethatheisanh143.含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家從不聽他的話。表示被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句：Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸上去很柔軟。Ripeapplespickeasily.熟了的蘋果容易摘下來。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).3.含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhavenev15語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換(Givethestudentssomeminutestodiscuss)1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.2.Shegaveme

abook.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomebyher.口訣1：賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動(dòng)be加done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)?？谠E2：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換(Givethestudentssomemi163.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口訣3：這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to離開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)4.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，須將其看作一個(gè)整體，不可把它們分隔開來。3.Hemademedothework.Iwas17有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。一、表示“開始”；“結(jié)束”類的動(dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.二、主語(yǔ)是物，謂語(yǔ)是表示主語(yǔ)特征或?qū)傩缘膭?dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。這些動(dòng)詞常與副詞或否定詞連用。例如：有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。一、表示“開始18

四、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？

一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行車被盜了。四、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？19三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時(shí)。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說……Itissupposedthat…三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時(shí)20四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏華是被林濤叫來的。四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。21五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示禮貌時(shí)。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow．敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：22

五、在什么情況下不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？1.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【誤】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

五、在什么情況下不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？232.祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．2.祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：243.某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)表示處所、地點(diǎn)、組織時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．【誤】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．3.某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)表示處所、地點(diǎn)、組織時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)254.由“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【誤】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.4.由“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)（如makefaces，265.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

5.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：27PracticePractice28先將主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句，再把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧渑c否定句

1．PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina．2．Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．先將主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句，再把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧渑c否定句293．Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow．4．Wehavemadetwentymorebeds．5．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight．3．Someworkersarepaintingth30一、如主動(dòng)句含間賓和直賓雙賓語(yǔ)；或含省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)有何變化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek．（變被動(dòng)）WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek．TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek．（加上了to，有的也加for）一、如主動(dòng)句含間賓和直賓雙賓語(yǔ)；或含省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，31Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.Mummademeanewdress.Iwas32

間賓（人）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，一切依舊；而直賓（物）作主語(yǔ)，則須在間賓前添加to或for。加to的動(dòng)詞多為give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的動(dòng)詞有make，draw，buy等。間賓（人）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，一切依舊；而直賓33二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（變被動(dòng)）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

二、Myparentsmademewaterall34這種主動(dòng)句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)定要加上to。這種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二聽三讓四看見”）。這種主動(dòng)句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)定要加上to。這35ExercisesExercises361.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin373.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl385.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon397.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees409.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus4110.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu4212.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo4314.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem14.Thestudentsinthisschool4416.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_____________tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）______Tom______thewindow?behelpedDidbreak16.Someonemusthelpmemovea4518.Thetractorwasn’tdrivenoutoftheroad.He_____________thetractoroutoftheroad.19.Doesn’tBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_______thestreet_________byBobeveryday?didn’tdriveIsn’tcleaned18.Thetractorwasn’tdriveno4620.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_____________________________bythemtofinishthework?Whatcanbedone20.Whatcantheydotofinish4721.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_________________________the________________thenewmedicine.didn’tmakeanyofchildrentry21.Noneofthechildrenwerem48將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．Wesweeptheflooreveryday．2．Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning．

3．Hegavemeabookyesterday．鞏固練習(xí)將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)鞏固練習(xí)494．Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman．5．Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom．6．Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor？7．Imadehimworktwohourseveryday．4．Thenursestakecareofthe508．ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow．9．WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords．10．Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground.

8．ClassOnewillhelpthefarm51將下列句子改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？2．Hewasgivenapenbymeyesterday．3．Childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof．

將下列句子改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)524．Thetreesmustbeputintheholebythem．

5．Thecarisnotbeingrepairedbyhernow．

6.Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?4．Thetreesmustbeputinthe53再見再見54被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)55一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義：語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，則為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義：56

二、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成

1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：2）一般過去時(shí)：3）一般將來時(shí)：Youarerequiredtodothis.Thestorywastoldbyher.

Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.You574）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：5）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：6）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：7)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.

Thenewroadwasbeingmade.Thenovelhasbeenread.

Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：58現(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞tell為例，列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)完成式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成be(am，is，are)toldbe(was，were)toldshall/willbetoldshould/wouldbetoldbe(am，is，are)beingtoldbe(was，were)beingtoldhave/hasbeentoldhadbeentold現(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞tell為例，列表如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般式591.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

三、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過去分詞1.Theymakeshoesinthat602.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were+過去分詞2.Theyboughttencompu613．LingFeng

cantakegoodcareof

Polly

．Polly

canbetakengoodcareof

byLingFeng.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞3．LingFengcantakegoodcare624.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時(shí)：S+will+be+過去分詞4.Theywillfinishtheworkin635.Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞5.646．We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

S+have/has+been+過去分詞6．Wehavemadetwentymore657．I

wasdoing

myhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomework

wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：

S+was/were+being+過去分詞7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat66PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人講英語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動(dòng)句。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有單賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換：(一)主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被67Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子。2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.

昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。

Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).2)把賓語(yǔ)從句里的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)把賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)變成不定式短語(yǔ)。1)用先行的it作形式主語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句變成后置的主語(yǔ)從句；Peoplebelievethatheisanh683.含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家從不聽他的話。表示被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句：Cottonfeelssoft.棉花摸上去很柔軟。Ripeapplespickeasily.熟了的蘋果容易摘下來。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).3.含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhavenev69語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換(Givethestudentssomeminutestodiscuss)1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.2.Shegaveme

abook.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.Iwasgivenabookbyher./Abookwasgiventomebyher.口訣1：賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動(dòng)be加done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)?？谠E2：如遇雙賓語(yǔ)，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換(Givethestudentssomemi703.Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口訣3：這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to離開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)4.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，須將其看作一個(gè)整體，不可把它們分隔開來。3.Hemademedothework.Iwas71有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。一、表示“開始”；“結(jié)束”類的動(dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：SchoolbeginsinSeptember.Thestoresinthisareaopenlateratweekendsthanatweekdays.二、主語(yǔ)是物，謂語(yǔ)是表示主語(yǔ)特征或?qū)傩缘膭?dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,lock等。這些動(dòng)詞常與副詞或否定詞連用。例如：有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。一、表示“開始72

四、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？

一、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行車被盜了。四、何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？73三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時(shí)。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說……Itissupposedthat…三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等時(shí)74四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏華是被林濤叫來的。四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被”、“由”等詞時(shí)。75五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示禮貌時(shí)。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow．敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：76

五、在什么情況下不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？1.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【誤】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．

五、在什么情況下不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？772.祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．2.祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：783.某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)表示處所、地點(diǎn)、組織時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998．【誤】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998．3.某些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)表示處所、地點(diǎn)、組織時(shí)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)794.由“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass．【誤】Facesaremadebytheboyinclass．

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.4.由“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”構(gòu)成的英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)（如makefaces，805.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

5.反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：81PracticePractice82先將主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句，再把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧渑c否定句

1．PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina．2．Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．先將主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句，再把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧渑c否定句833．Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow．4．Wehavemadetwentymorebeds．5．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight．3．Someworkersarepaintingth84一、如主動(dòng)句含間賓和直賓雙賓語(yǔ)；或含省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)有何變化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek．（變被動(dòng)）WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek．TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek．（加上了to，有的也加for）一、如主動(dòng)句含間賓和直賓雙賓語(yǔ)；或含省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，85Mummademeanewdress.IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.Mummademeanewdress.Iwas86

間賓（人）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，一切依舊；而直賓（物）作主語(yǔ)，則須在間賓前添加to或for。加to的動(dòng)詞多為give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的動(dòng)詞有make，draw，buy等。間賓（人）作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，一切依舊；而直賓87二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees．（變被動(dòng)）Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents．（加上了to）

二、Myparentsmademewaterall88這種主動(dòng)句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)定要加上to。這種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二聽三讓四看見”）。這種主動(dòng)句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動(dòng)時(shí)定要加上to。這89ExercisesExercises901.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin913.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl925.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon937.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees949.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus9510.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu9612.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike____________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbe