外研社英語高一升高二銜接教材

外研社英語高一升高二銜接教材0K版SEFC5EnglishMaterialsChapterOneRevisionofSEFC1—4一、語法主要涉及到的句法為復(fù)雜句中的狀語從句(其中主要提到：時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句)二、課本中具體語法知識點講解(一)動詞：分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞I謂語動詞是句子的“心臟”，在句子中謂語由不同的時態(tài)構(gòu)成?！皶r態(tài)”就是謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間和存在的狀態(tài)(“時”為時間，“態(tài)”為狀態(tài))。時間： 1 1 1 過去(past)現(xiàn)在(present)將來(future)狀態(tài)：進行/完成主要學(xué)習(xí)了一般將來時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時。.關(guān)系。例如：.表示兩方面的的含義：a.過去發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能一直持續(xù)下去。b.過去發(fā)生的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。(落腳點在現(xiàn)在，注意與一般過去時的區(qū)別).(a). 1 1 1-那時以前那時(過去)現(xiàn)在e.g.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhework.(b),注意過去完成時跟后面學(xué)的從句聯(lián)系起來e.g.WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining(c).過去完成時還可用在hardly…whennosooner…than…，Itwasthe1st(2nd,etc)time(that)…(這是某人第幾次干什么了)等固定句型中。e.g.Hardlyhadhebegantospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.（看筆記：這些半倒裝句子還會變嗎？？相似的還有否定含義的頻度副詞：never,hardly,rarely等；還有引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so…that,such…that這些在放于句首時都用半倒裝。）II.非謂語動詞:三大類：todo,doing,done關(guān)于用法，兩條黃金原則：a.非謂語動詞不作謂語。b.過去分詞（done）沒有名詞性功能（不作主語、賓1語）。主要考查todo,doing作賓語，doing,done作定語、狀語1.todo,doing作賓語（1）后面跟todo作賓語的動詞：hope,agree,dare,decide,determineIIbegin,start,refuse,prepare,offer||manage,try,aim,forget,remember\chooseIIseem,pretend,learn,love,hate（可記：希望同意敢決定，開始拒絕備提供，設(shè)法瞄準忘記選，似乎假裝學(xué)愛憎。）e.g.Weagreed_tomeet_herebutsofarshehasn,tturnedupyet.Shepretended_nottosee_mewhenIpassedby.（全國卷）（2）后面跟doing作賓語的動詞giveup,enjoy,regret//insiston,practise,finish//putoff,avoid,mind（可記：”放棄”“享受”可"后悔”，”堅持”"練習(xí)”必”完成"，"延期”"避免”非“介意”動名介賓不能忘掌握它們你必明。）e.g.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?TheyarelookingforwardtoMary'scoming2.doing&done作定語（何為定語？“定” "界定、限定”，也就是修飾限定名詞的，名詞在句子中作主語賓語，所以定語修飾主語或賓語）作定語時，單個的分詞放在所修飾的名詞前；若是分詞短語則要放在所修飾的名詞之后e.g.runningwaterDoyouknowthethreechildrenwalkingtowardsus?brokenheart/Theheartbrokenbyhimisdead.3.doing&done作狀語（何為狀語來？“狀” “狀況”，也就是說明動作發(fā)生的狀況，例如動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、目的、條件、造成的結(jié)果等。也就是在句子中修飾謂語動詞）（還記得嗎？現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語有“一個中心，兩個基本點”。?個中心：句子前后的邏輯主語要一致。兩個基本點是：?般式&完成式。）e.g.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.（為什么用現(xiàn)在式，會分析嗎）Havingfinishedthehomework,hewenthome.（為什么用完成式，會分析嗎）注意：1）無論作什么成分，todo一般表示將來，doing表示主動進行，done表示被動完成。2：例如上面例句：Doyouknowthethreechildrenwalkingtowardsus（會轉(zhuǎn)化成定語從句嗎）（會轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句嗎？試試看）3）分詞作定語和狀語要學(xué)會跟with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來。（自己看看筆記）（二）“帽子詞”冠詞“冠”者、“帽子”也，冠詞也就是“帽子詞”。到底是誰的帽子呢？是名詞的帽子！也就是說冠詞永遠放在名詞的前面，不能單獨使用。在考試過程中，經(jīng)常會考查定冠詞和零冠詞（不用冠詞的地方）的用法。2.定冠詞的?？加梅?表示世界上獨一無二的東西thesun,theearth,thecapital,thesky,theuniverse.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家、黨派等專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver（4）用在方位名詞前或某些表示時間的詞組或習(xí)慣語中。ontheleft,intheeast/west,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend.用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded.TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable.彈奏國外樂器時，樂器名詞前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?2.零冠詞的用法.專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前China,America,John,.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前spring,summer,,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDay(3)表示頭銜的名詞作表語、賓語補足語及同位語時Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA..學(xué)科名詞,球類、棋類名詞前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess..在與by連用的交通工具名稱前bycar(bus,train,water,air,land)(三)形容詞&副詞(語言的美化師)I形容詞1.倍數(shù)的表達法：①主語+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as②主語+be+倍數(shù)+比較級+than③主語+be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,width,length,height,depth…)+ofe.g.Myroomisthreetimesasbigashis?二Myroomisthreetimesthesizeofhis.=Myroomisthreetimesbiggerthanhis.2.e.g.Hebecametallerandtaller.e.g.1)Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。3II副詞的用法.定義：副詞(adverb,簡寫為adv)是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、全句的詞，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念的詞。.分類1)時間副詞：now,then,soon,today,sometimes,yesterday,tomorrow,ago等。e.g.WeareleavingforBeijingsoon.(注意位置)頻度副詞：often,always,usually,never,ever,seldom,rarely,frequently,occasionally等。e.g.Heseldomgoestothecinema.Hehadneverbeentherebefore.（否定副詞位于句首呢？試著變化一下）程度副詞：quite,so,little,much,very,rather,almost,nearly等。e.g.Hequitelikespopmusic.（五）狀語從句（回憶1：從句=引導(dǎo)詞+句子；XX從句就是“跟班句子”在大家庭里面起到XX作用。（認真看筆記，自己弄明白）（回憶2：老師說過，考查從句主要考查什么來？）狀語從句，當然就是跟班句子在另一個大句子里面作狀語。課本中主要講解了時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句.I時間狀語從句一引導(dǎo)詞有哪幾類，還記得嗎？①when,while,as（學(xué)會區(qū)分辨別）②assoonas,themoment,hardly…when,nosooner…than（還記后兩個怎么用嗎？）③before,after（before往往翻譯成什么？）④bythetime（注意前后時態(tài)對應(yīng)）e.g.Bythetimetheygethere,we'llhavefinishedthework.（此時主句還可用將來時,還記得嗎）Bythetimewegotthere,themoviehadbegun.H原因狀語從句（動作發(fā)生的原因）引導(dǎo)詞主要學(xué)習(xí)了哪幾個？會區(qū)分嗎？（看筆記）Because,as,since,for,nowthat（for跟其它幾個有什么不同一-for雖然表原因，但引導(dǎo)的并不是原因狀語從句，因為它是并列連詞）III目的狀語從句（動作的bl的）弓I導(dǎo)詞：soasto,inorderto,sothatE.g.IworkedhardsoastoIcanpasstheexam.IV結(jié)果狀語從句（動作造成的結(jié)果）引導(dǎo)詞：sothat;such,,,that"如此。。。以至于“e.g.IworkedsohardthatIpassedtheexam.4注意：（l）為什么so后面要跟形容詞、副詞呢？such后要跟名次呢？（還記得嗎，看筆記）so和such謂語句首的話呢？（半倒裝，注意與前面所有半倒裝的聯(lián)系起來）SoharddidIworkthatIpassedtheexam.ChapterTwoPreviewofSixModulesModule1BritishandAmericanEnglishEnglishisthemostcommonlanguageintheearthvillage.知識詳解Iparev.比較，匹敵，比喻；相比n.比較（回歸課本P2）Prepositions,too,canbedifferent：compareontheteam,ontheweekend（American）withintheteam,attheweekend（British）.介詞的用法也有所不同：比較一下ontheteam,ontheweekend（美式）和intheteam,attheweekend（英式）?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Don'tcompareyourdisadvantageswithothers,strongpoints.不要拿自己的缺點與別人的優(yōu)勢相比。②Walkingcan'tcomparewithflying,走不能和飛相提并論。③Comparedto/withhermother,sheistall.和她媽媽比較起來,她算是很高了④Thetwomenlookoverthepapers,comparenotesandmakeseveraltelephonecalls.兩人瀏覽文書，商量了一番，打了幾個電話。⑤ThosewithcollegedegreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人在童年時代每周平均看不到兩個小時的電視，相比較，沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的平均多于兩個半小時?！炯淳郴钣谩縈ichael*snewhouseislikeahugepalace,withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.comparedhisgradeswithArnold*s,Georgewasquitesatisfied.A.ComparedB.TocompareC.ComparingD.Comparediffervi.不同，相異（回歸課本P2）Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.另外兩個不同之處是拼寫和發(fā)音?！練w納總結(jié)】differfrom=bedifferentfrom與 不同differin在 方面不同5differwith/fromsb.about/on/oversth.關(guān)于某事與某人意見不同【例句探源】①Theconditionsofourclassroomhavedifferedfromwhatyousawfiveyearsago.我們教室的條件已經(jīng)與五年前你看到的情況大不一樣了。②Thetwogirlsaresimilarinappearance,buttheydifferinvoiceanddisposition.這兩個女孩在外表上相似，但聲音與性格卻不同?！炯淳郴钣谩縇eavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlysizeandshape.A.onB.fromC.byD.inTheyeachotherinthattheyarebothbareheadedwithsunglasses.A.differB.modifyC.resembleD.classifypresentvt.陳述，講演；提出（觀點，計劃等）adj.在場的；出席的；現(xiàn)在的n.禮物；贈品；現(xiàn)在（回歸課本P8）Presentyourideastotherestoftheclass.把你的觀點陳述給班里的其他同學(xué)?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Therewereinall700studentspresentatthemeeting.總共有700名學(xué)生出席了這場會議。②ThecommitteewillpresentitsfinalreporttoParliamentinJune.委員會將于六月向議會提交最后的報告?！炯淳郴钣谩縏heworkerhisideastothemanagerveryclearly.A.preservedB.presentedC.providedD.supplied4.attemptv.試圖，企圖n.企圖，努力，嘗試(回歸課本P9)CanyouseeanysimilaritiesbetweenWebster*sworkandattemptstosimplifyChinese?你能看出韋伯斯特的工作和嘗試簡化漢語之間的相似之處嗎？【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Heattemptedtobecomeavolunteerforthe16thAsianGames,butfailedforhispoorEnglish.他曾試圖成為一名第16屆亞洲運動會的志愿者，但因英語差沒能實現(xiàn)。②(牛津P110)Twofactorieswereclosedinanattempttocutcosts.為削減費用，關(guān)閉了兩家工廠。③Hisparentsmadeanattempttosendtheirsonabroadforfurthereducation.他父母曾試圖送他出國深造。【易混辨析】attempt,try,manage6(l)attempt常含有希望成功，但并不一定取得預(yù)期的結(jié)果之意。(2)"y意為"嘗試，試用”，含有通過各種方法，盡力把事情做好或達到目的之意。(3)manage強調(diào)成功做成了某事。managetodosth.=succeedindoingsth.o①Thecampaignhascertainlymanagedtoraisepublicawarenessoftheissue.②I'vetriedreallyhardbutIcan'tpersuadehimtocome.③Heattemptedajoke,butnoonelaughed.【即境活用】6.Shellyhadworkedhardforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitatherfirst.A.practiceB.riskC.attemptD.actTheyoungmanisbeingquestionedbythepoliceinrelationtothemurderlastnight.A.advisedB.attendedC.admittedD.attemptedhave...incommon有相同的特點（回歸課本Pl）WehavereallyeverythingincommonwithAmericanowadays,exceptofcourse,language.當然，除了語言外，如今我們確實在所有方面都和美國一樣?！練w納總結(jié)】commonn.共同點adj.大量的；類似的；通常的havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith與 有很多共同之處havenotmuch/nothing/littleincommonwith與 沒多少/沒有/很少有共同之處incommon共有；共用incommonwithsb./sth.與 樣outof（the）common不尋常的becommonforsb.對某人來說是共有（同）的/常見的【例句探源】①Thisdishisverycommoninmyhometown.這道菜在我的家鄉(xiāng)很常見。②Allthesecompanieshaveonethingincommon：theydealinsmal1,inexpensiveconsumeritems.所有這些公司都有個共同點：他們都經(jīng)營廉價的小商品?！炯淳郴钣谩縄n,thenorthernersarekeenondumplingswhilethesouthernersarefondofrice.A.commonB.totalC.generalD.particularExpertswarnthatglobalwarmingwillcausedramaticclimatechangesincludingmorefloods,heatwavesanddroughts.A.frequentB.usualC.ordinaryD.common6.leadto引起，導(dǎo)致；通向；相連7（回歸課本P3）ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.但是這也致使許多美國英語單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳入英國英語，以至于現(xiàn)在有一些人相信英國英語將要消失?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Thestreetleadsyoutothestation.你沿這條街走就可以到達車站。②（牛津P1146）Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.食用過多的糖會引起健康問題?！炯淳郴钣谩縒efirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonlyviolence.A.runsintoB.comesfromC.leadstoD.beginswithIwastotheconclusionthateatingtoomuchfatcanheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.led；leadB.leading；leadtoC.leading；leadD.led；leadtomakeadifference有影響，使不相同（回歸課本Pl）Itdoesn*tmakemuchofadifferencewhetherateacherspeaksBritishorAmericanEnglish.老師講英國英語還是美國英語并沒有太大的區(qū)別。【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Idon'tthinkwhathesaidwillmakeanydifference.我認為他說的話不會起什么作用。②Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryouwillcomeornot.你來不來沒什么區(qū)別。(3)Itmakesmuchdifferencetouswhetheryoucanfinishitontime,你是否能按時完成它與我們有很大的關(guān)系?！炯淳郴钣谩縔oucanaskhimagainifyoulike,butitwon,tmakeanyhe'11stillsayno.A.adjustmentB.differenceC.contributionD.decision—Tom,whatapity!Ialmostsucceededyesterday.—.Itoldyoutobecarefulbefore.A.OnefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifferenceB.Wherethere*slife,thereshopeC.NeverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotodayD.Onetreedoesnotmakeaforest句型梳理1.【教材原句】ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.(P2)倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話要比聽懂紐約人說話更難?！揪浞ǚ治觥?(2)Thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難(3)(dosth.)without/withdifficulty毫不費力/費力地(做某事)(4)類似的句型有：①Ihavedifficulty(in)tellingthedifferencebetweenthetwinsisters.辨別這對雙胞胎姐妹對我來說很困難。②Thereisnodifficultyforyouinbeingadmittedintoateachers*college.對你來講，被一所師范學(xué)院錄取沒什么困難。③Withdifficulty,wehauleditupthestairs.我們費力地把它拖上了樓梯。【即境活用】.(高考上海卷)1hadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding.Youcanimaginethedifficultytheyhavesuchalargepopulation.A.fedB.tofeedC.feedingD.beenfed2.【教材原句】TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem.(P2)英國人用介詞的地方美國人有時候可能會省略?！揪浞ǚ治觥縲here在此處引導(dǎo)的是地點狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句位置較為靈活。①Springsareveryshortwhereshe1ives.在她住的地方春天很短暫。?Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。③Wherethereisalife,thereishope.留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。where引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別：(1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點狀語，其前面有表示地點的先行詞。(2)where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，where是從屬連詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞。(3)有時，where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句兼有抽象含義，可放在主句的前面，而where引導(dǎo)的定語從句則不能。(4)在有些情況下，where引導(dǎo)的定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句。④ThebookshopwhereIboughtthisbookisnotfarfromhere.我買這本書的那個書店離這里不遠。⑤Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.在有疑問的地方作一個記號?！炯淳郴钣谩緼forestisusuallyfoundheavyrainfallisfrequent.A.thereB.whichC.becauseD.whereThelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainshewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who9Homework:1.WriteyourownpassageaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglish2.ListentoVOAandBBCModule2AJobWorthDoing知識詳解1.offerv.（主動）提出（愿意做某事），提議，給予，提供n.出價，建議（回歸課本P12）Thispersonhasofferedtodoajob—andmaynotbepaidfordoingit.此人主動去做一份工作——而且可能不要報酬?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Theyofferedhimaverygoodjobbutheturneditdown.他們給他提供了一■份很好的工作，但他拒絕了。②Theteacherofferedacomputertohisdaughterasapresentforherwedding.這位老師給他的女兒一臺電腦當做結(jié)婚禮物?！疽谆毂嫖觥縪ffer,provide,supply（Doffer“提供”,側(cè)重主動給予，多指具體的事物。多用于：offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.（2）provide”供應(yīng)，供給”,表示為應(yīng)付某種需要而提供某物，所提供的東西一般是具體的事物，也可以是幫助、經(jīng)驗、機會、答案、例子等抽象的東西。一般用于：providesth.forsb.與providesb.withsth.（3）supply”補給，供給，提供”，只用于具體事物，側(cè)重補充所需要的東西，有時可以與provide互換。經(jīng)常用于：supplysth.tosb.或supplysb.withsth.o@Thefactorysuppliedauniformtoeachofitsworkers.②I'vebeenofferedajobinadvertising.③Theselettersshouldprovideuswithalltheinformationweneed.【即境活用】Talentedinskiing,hehashopesofbeingforthenationalteam.A.electedB.offeredC.hiredD.selectedYouonlyhalftheprice,howwouldthesellersellthejackettoyou?A.spentB.paidC.chargedD.offeredapplyv.申請；適用，應(yīng)用；專心，集中精力(回歸課本P15)Nowthinkofsomemorequestionstoaskpeopleapplyingforthesejobs.現(xiàn)在想出更多的問題來問申請這些工作的人們?！練w納總結(jié)】10(l)applyto適用于apply...to..,把 應(yīng)用于 applytosb.forhelp請求某人幫助applyoneselfto...致力于 applyforajob申請工作(2)applicationn.請求，申請，申請表，應(yīng)用；應(yīng)用程序，應(yīng)用軟件applicantn.申請人【例句探源】①WhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.當蕭失明后，他妻子建議他申領(lǐng)一個導(dǎo)盲犬。②Thenewtechnologyhasbeenappliedtomedicalexamination.這項新技術(shù)已被用于醫(yī)學(xué)檢查。③Youwillonlypassyourexamsifyoureallyapplyyourselftoyourstudy.你只有真正專心致志，考試才能及格?！炯淳郴钣谩縏hequestionsonthispartoftheformonlymarriedmen.A.appealtoB.applytoC.refertoD.sticktoPeterhasbeenoutofworkforhalfayear,sohewantstoajobinthiscompany.A.prepareforB.applyforC.superiortoD.objecttorequirev.需要,要求，命令（回歸課本P18）SALESSTAFFrequiredinwell-knownclothesshop.【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Allthepassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.所有乘客都必須出示車票。②Theteacherrequiredthatallthestudents（should）handintheirhomeworkbefore5p.m..老師要求全體同學(xué)于下午5點前上交作業(yè)?！炯淳郴钣谩縄tisintheregulationsthatyouotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.required；nottellB.hoped；nottel1C.required；nottotellD.hoped；nottotell完成句子Mymobilephoneatonce.=Mymobilephonetobe atonce.4.demandn.要求，需求；所需之處v.需要，要求（回歸課本P19）Buttherewillalsobeariseinthedemandforhealthcareprofessionals.而對健康護理專家的需求也將會增長?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】11①(牛津P530)Idemandtoseethemanager.我堅決要求見經(jīng)理。②Thestudentsdemandanimmediatereplyof/fromtheheadmaster.學(xué)生們要求校長立刻答復(fù)。③HedemandsthatIshouldreturnhisbookbeforeFriday.他要我星期五前歸還他的書。④HarryPotterisingreatdemandatthemoment.《哈利?波特》目前十分暢銷?！疽谆毂嫖觥縟emand,request,require,ask這四個動詞均有“要求，請求”之意。(1)demand一般指理直氣壯地提出強烈要求，或堅持不讓對方拒絕的要求。(2)request是正式用詞，指非常正式、有禮貌的請求或懇求，多含擔心因種種原因?qū)Ψ讲荒艽饝?yīng)的意味。(3)require強調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀律、法律等而提出的要求。(4)ask屬普通用詞，指向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘埱?，長晚輩、上下級之間都可使用。①Sheaskedthatsheshouldbekeptinformed.②Thewearingofseatbeltsisrequiredbylaw.③Allmembersoftheclubarerequestedtoattendtheannualmeeting.?ThePresidentdemandedthereleaseofthehostages.【即境活用】Theydemandedthatthebookstothelibraryatonce.A.returnB.shouldreturnC.bereturnedD.wouldbereturnedItwasdemandedthatweinourpapersbeforeFriday.A.handedB.handC.willhandD.havehandedhaveaneffecton對 產(chǎn)生影響ThislastexperiencehadaprofoundeffectonTimoteo.最后的這次經(jīng)歷對鐵穆特歐產(chǎn)生了重大影響?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①HoldingtheOlympicGaineshasagoodeffectonthedevelopmentofChina.舉辦奧運會對中國的發(fā)展有很好的影響。②Themedicinefailedtotakeeffect.這藥沒見效。③Anewsystemoftaxationwillcomeintoeffect/bebroughtintoeffect.一種新的稅制將要實行?！炯淳郴钣谩縏hetalkbetweentheheadteacherandmehadmucheffectmystudy.A.inB.onC.toD.atl210.完成句子Theheavysnowtrafficonthefreeway.這場大雪對高速公路的交通產(chǎn)生巨大影響。6.inresponseto作為 的回應(yīng)（回歸課本P⑻Iamwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforatemporarypositionasawaiter.【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Thefilmstarmadenoresponsetothequestionaskedbythatreporter.②Thelawwaspassedinresponsetopublicpressure.在公眾壓力下該法規(guī)獲得通過。③Herespondedtohisboss,“IhavegivenJohnamonth'snotice.【即境活用】11.(江蘇四市調(diào)研)Nowadays,manypeoplewalktoworkCopenhagenConferencecallingforlivingalow-carbonlifestyletocopewithglobalwarming.A.inrelationtoB.inresponsetoC.inadditiontoD.inoppositionto句型梳理.【教材原句】Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,onaverage,onevehiclecomesofftheroadeverytwoweeks.(P12)盡管交通量不大，但平均每兩周就有一輛車駛出公路?！揪浞ǚ治觥看颂巃lthough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。注意此類從句中主句不用but,但可用yeto?Althoughhisbusinessissmall,(yet)hemakesgoodbread.他的生意規(guī)模雖小，收入可觀。?Althoughsheisyoung,sheisveryindependent.雖然她很年輕，但是很有主見?！咀⒁狻縜lthough,though,as均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。although引導(dǎo)的從句只能用正常語序。as或though從句一般放在主句之前，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首。若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。注意比較下面的說法：(V)Smartthough/assheis,shedoesn*tstudyhard.(V)Thoughsheissmart,shedoesn,tstudyhard.(V)Althoughsheissmart,shedoesn,tstudyhard.(X)Smartalthoughsheis,shedoesn,tstudyhard.【即境活用】13Wehadtowaithalfanhourwehadalreadybookedatable.A.sinceB.althoughC.untilD.beforeModule3AdventureinLiteratureandtheCinema知識詳解1.accountn.敘述；描寫;報道；賬單，賬戶v.說明，解釋（回歸課本P21）atrueaccountofthepast對過去的真實描述【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Thetwoaccountsoftheaccidentdonotagree.有關(guān)這次事件的兩篇報道不一致。②Wedelayedourdepartureonaccountofthebadweather.由于天氣不好，我們將啟程的時間推遲了。③Weshouldalsotakeaccountofdifficulties.我們也應(yīng)該考慮到困難?！炯淳郴钣谩縇indagaveusavividofhertriptoMountLushanafterherreturn.A.accountB.explanationC.imaginationD.direction2.（濰坊市模擬）Shewastoldtowearflatshoesherbackproblem.A.onaccountofB.regardlessofC.intermsofD.incaseofdisturbvt.弄亂；打亂；打擾；擾亂vi,擾亂“Whoisitdisturbingmeatthistimeofnight?”saidthecaptain.“深更半夜的是誰在打擾我？”船長問?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①IheardyoutalkingandIdidn'tliketodisturbyou,soIwentaway.②Thehostwasquiteannoyedwhenhefoundoutthathisbooksonthebookshelveshadbeendisturbed.（3）Alightwinddisturbedthesurfaceofthepond.微風(fēng)使池塘水面泛起漣漪。【易混辨析】disturb,interruptdisturb指擾亂，攪亂，妨礙，干擾，還可表示使煩惱，使焦慮等。interrupt指插嘴，中斷、打斷（別人的講話或行動等）。①Wehavetointerruptyou,becauseyourspeechhasgonebeyondthetimelimit.?CuttingdownrainforestsdisturbstheEarth,sbalance.【即境活用】Thequickriseinthepriceoffoodwillmakepeople,thatis9affectpeopleyslivingstandard.14A.disturbedB.fascinatedC.distinguishedD.interrupted解析：選A?？疾閯釉~辨析。句意“食品價格的快速增長使人們焦慮不安，也就是說影響了人們的生活水平。"fascinated“入迷的”；distinguished"卓越的”：interrupted“中斷的"。SheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnottothesleepingchiId.A.interruptB.botherC.disturbD.annoy3.warnvt.警告，告誡；預(yù)告，提醒（回歸課本P29）“MarkTwain”,whichmeansawatermarktwo”,wasacal1usedbysailorsontheMississippitowarnshipmatesthattheywerecomingintoshallowwater.“馬克?吐溫”的意思是“水深二英尺”，這是密西西比河上的水手們使用的口號，用來警告正在進入淺水區(qū)（安全通行）的同船水手們。【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Theleaderwarnedusoftheserioussituation.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)警告我們面臨的嚴峻形勢。②Iwarnyouagainstthatmanwhoislying.我勸你對那人提防點，他在撒謊。③Canyouwarnyourmotheryou,regoingtobebacklate?你能否事先告訴你媽媽說你準備晚點回去？④HewarnedBillytokeepawayfromhisdaughter.他警告比利離他女兒遠點。⑤Shewaswarnedthatifshediditagainshewouldloseherjob.她被警告說如果她再這樣做就會丟掉工作?！炯淳郴钣谩縄hernottowalkonthethinicebutshewoundn*tlisten.A.suggestedB.hopedC.warnedTheweatherstationthatahurricanewascoining.A.expectedB.advisedC.warnedD.persuadedD.persuaded4.makeup編造；組成；占；和解；化妝，化裝；補足，湊足；整理，收拾Idecidedtogotothenextvillageandmakeupastoryaboutthesteamboat.【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Sayingyou'resorrywon,tmakeupthedamageofbreakingthevase.②Itiscommonthatgirlsmakeupinpublic.女孩子在公共場所化妝是很普遍的事。③Theskyandseamakeupaharmoniouspicture.天空和大海構(gòu)成一幅和諧的畫面。④Wcneedanotherplayertomakeuptheteam.我們還需一位隊員才能組成一支球隊。⑤Doremembertomakeupyourbedbeforeyouleave.千萬要記得在你離開之前整理好床鋪?！炯淳郴钣谩?57?Don'tanyexcuseforyourfailingintheexamthistime.Wewon'tbelieveyou.A.putupB.showupC.makeupD.keepupWithoutmyglasses,Icouldn*twhetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight.A.makeoutB.makeupC.makeforD.makeoffsetoff出發(fā)，啟程（=setout,setforth）；使爆炸；引起（突發(fā)的動作）；導(dǎo)致（突然的活動）Heleftschoolearly,andasanadolescent,determinedtomakehisfortuneinSouthAmerica,setofffromhishomeinHannibal,Missouri,forNewOrleans.他很早離開學(xué)校，青少年的時候，懷著到南美發(fā)財致富的決心，從密蘇里州的漢尼撥出發(fā)去新奧爾良?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Theoldmanwantedtosetoffearlyinordertoavoidthetrafficjam.刃5位老人想早點出發(fā)以避開交通堵塞。②Dobecarefulwiththosefireworks；theslightestsparkcouldsetthemoff,千萬要小心這些煙火,稍有火星就能引起爆炸。③Herjokesalwayssetmeofflaughing.她的笑話總是把我逗得哈哈大笑?！炯淳郴钣谩縏hemomentweheardthenewsoftheearthquake,webegantotheworktorescuethosetrappedinthebuilding.A.setoffB.setdownC.setasideD.setabout10.（河北石家莊高中畢業(yè)班模擬）Afterthemeeting,Itowriteareportonournextterm*swork.A.setabout句型梳理L【教材原句】Itlooksasifit'11goundersoon...（P22）看起來好像很快就要下沉了……【句法分析】此處asif引導(dǎo)的從句為表語從句。asif還可弓I導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。因從句中動作發(fā)生的可能性較大，故用陳述語氣。?Wehavemissedthebus,itlooksasifwe'11havetowalk.我們錯過了公共汽車，看來我們得步行了。②ItlooksasifyouhadagoodtimeinQingdao.看起來你在青島好像玩得很高興。③Mandyfeltasiftheywereallganginguponher.曼迪覺得他們好像在合伙對付她。B.setasideC.setoutD.setoff16【歸納總結(jié)】asif引導(dǎo)從句用虛擬語氣的情況：當說話者認為句子所陳述的是不真實的或沒有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時，從句用虛擬語氣，形式如下：(1)從句動詞在時間上與主句動詞同時發(fā)生，從句動詞用過去時。(2)從句動詞在時間上比主句動詞早發(fā)生，從句動詞用haddonee(3)從句動詞在時間上比主句動詞晚發(fā)生，從句動詞用wou1d/cou1d/might+doo④Shelovesthelittleboyasifhewereherownchild.她像母親一樣愛這個小男孩。⑤Heactedasifhehadneverdonesuchafoolishthing.他裝得好像從沒有做過這種傻事。【即境活用】wemovethepictureoverthere?Doyouthinkitwilllookbetter?A.IfonlyB.WhatifC.AsifD.EvenifThoughtheymetforthefirsttime,theytalkedtheyweregoodfriends.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.ifonly2.【教材原句】HearrivedinNewOrleanswithoutapennyinhispocketonlytofindthattherewerenoboatsforSouthAmerica.(P29)他身無分文地到新奧爾良時，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那里沒有開往南美洲的船了?！揪浞ǚ治觥吭诒揪渲小lytofind...是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作結(jié)果狀語的用法。另外，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語常表示出人意料的結(jié)果，而v.-ing形式所引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語常表達自然結(jié)果。①Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.我匆匆忙忙趕到車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已開走了。②Themanhurriedlyreturnedhome,onlytofindhehadlefthiskeyintheoffice.【即境活用】Fornearlythreehourswewaitedforthedecision,onlytocomeagainthenextday.A.totellB.tellingC.tobetoldModule4Carnival知識詳解extendv.延長，延伸；擴大；伸出，伸展；給予，提供(回歸課本P32)Astimepassed,however,thecarnivalperiodwasextended,sothatitbeganjustafterChristmas.隨著時間的推移，慶?？駳g節(jié)的時間長了，圣誕節(jié)一過狂歡節(jié)就開始了。13【歸納總結(jié)】D.beingtoldl7【例句探源】①Theschoolisextendingtherangeofsubjectstaught.學(xué)校正在拓寬授課學(xué)科的范圍。②TheRiverNileextendsasfarastheLakeVictoria.尼羅河一直延伸至維多利亞湖?！疽谆毂嫖觥縠xpand,extend,spread,stretch(l)expand展開，擴大。不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴大。(2)extend伸出，延伸。指空間范圍的擴大以及長度、寬度的向外延伸，也可指時間的延長。（3）spread伸開，傳播。一般指向四面八方擴大傳播的范圍，如：傳播（疾?。⑸⒉迹ㄐ畔ⅲ┑?。（4）stretch伸展，拉長。一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長。①Thefiresoonspreadtothenearbybuildings.?Waterexpandswhenitfreezes.（3）Thecatstretchedoutinfrontofthefire.④ThehotweatherextendedtoOctober.【即境活用】Therailwaywillfurthertomyhometown.A.extendB.beextendedC.expandD.beexpanded2.（四川廣漢金雁中學(xué)高考適應(yīng)卷）Ithinkthecarwilltillwegettothevillage.A.extendoutB.goinforC.holdoutD.holduppretendvi.&vt.假裝，裝扮，謊稱（回歸課本P32）Ordinarypeoplecouldpretendtoberichandimportant,whilefamouspeoplecouldhaveromanticadventuresinsecret.普通人可以裝闊佬和重要人物，而名人也可以偷偷地體驗浪漫的奇遇?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Shedidn'tlovehim,thoughshepretendedto.她并不愛他，盡管她裝出愛的樣子。②Thecandidatepretendedshehadworkedforanewspaperbefore.這位候選人佯稱她以前在一家報社工作過?！炯淳郴钣谩縒henthebosscamein,theworkerspretendedhardontheirmachines.A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedSheshedidn'tknowmewhenIpassedherinthestreet.A.praisedB.pretendedC.preparedD.preventedD.workingtraden.交易，貿(mào)易；買賣；行業(yè)，職業(yè)v.做買賣，進行貿(mào)易，做生意(回歸課本P39)Whentheslavetradewasabolishedin1838theformerslavestookoverthecarnival.18當1838年奴隸貿(mào)易被廢除時，昔日的奴隸們沿襲了狂歡節(jié)這一風(fēng)俗。【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Tradebetweenthetwocountrieshasincreased.兩國之間的貿(mào)易增長了。(2)3Britainbuiltupherwealthbytradingwithothercountries.英國通過與其他國家做生意積累起本國的財富。③Hetradedhispenforaknifewithme.他用筆跟我換了一把刀。④Dohatradetalksbrokeupwithoutagreement.多哈貿(mào)易談判宣告破裂?！炯淳郴钣谩縑mawriterandlanguageisthetooloftrade.A.the；theB./；aC./；the4etoanend結(jié)束TheoriginalVenicecarnivalcametoanendabout200yearsago.最初的威尼斯狂歡節(jié)在大約200年前結(jié)束?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Thatjobcametoanendlastmonth.那項工作上個月完成了。②Howdoesthestorycometoanend?這個故事結(jié)局如何？【即境活用】Theconferencecomingtowithanagreement,allthepeoplefromeithersidecheeredwithjoy.A.theend；allB.theend；bothC.anend；allD.anend；bothD.a；aThesweatermysisterknittedformetwicethesizeitshouldhavebeen.Ithadtobekeptforlateruse.A.endedupB.broughtupC.cameupD.tookup5.dressup打扮；裝飾（回歸課本P31）Haveyoueverdressedupinspecialclothe玉你曾經(jīng)用特別的服裝來打扮過自己嗎？【歸納總結(jié)】【例句探源】①Youneedn,tdressupandgoasyouare.你用不著穿講究的衣服，就穿平時的衣服去吧。②Wedressed（ourselves）upforwedding.我們?yōu)榛槎Y而盛裝打扮。③（牛津P610）Theboyswerealldressedupaspirates.這些男孩子都裝扮成了海盜?！疽谆毂嫖觥縟ress,wear,puton,haveon（l）dress表示動作。作及物動詞時，應(yīng)該說"dresssb./oneselfw,不能接表示衣服的名詞；作不及物動詞時，19尤指為特殊場合穿好衣服；bedressedin表示狀態(tài)，相當于bein,后面可接表示衣服或顏色的名詞。（2）wear表示狀態(tài)，表示穿衣服（鞋子），戴首飾、眼鏡、飾物等，留（發(fā)）、蓄（須），面露（某種表情）。其后也可接表示顏色的名詞作賓語。（3）puton表示穿的動作，接衣服、鞋子等。（4）haveon表示狀態(tài)，相當于bewearing；但haveon不能用被動語態(tài)，也不能用進行時。?Shedressedherbabyquickly.②Shehadaredjacketontheotherday.(3)Sheusuallyworeadiamondnecklace.④Hurryup!Putyourcoaton!【即境活用】warmlyifyou,regoingoutforawalk.A.PutonB.WearC.DressD.HaveonIt'sasmallinformalparty,youdon'thaveto.A.dressup句型梳理.【教材原句】Thinkofcarnival,andyouthinkofcrowds,costumes,andconfusion.(P32)想起狂歡節(jié)，你自然就會想起擁擠的人群，節(jié)日的服飾及混亂的場景?！揪浞ǚ治觥吭凇捌硎咕?and+陳述句”這種句型中，祈使句表條件，與陳述句之間要用連接詞，其連接詞共分兩類：第一類：and,andthen第二類：or,orelse,otherwise①Comeearly,andyou'11catchthefirstbus.早點來，你就能趕上第一班公共汽車。②Useyourhead,or(else)youwon,tfindaway.動動腦筋，否則，你就找不到辦法。【注意】有時“祈使句+and+陳述句”句型中的祈使句可以被一個名詞短語所替代。Onemoreword,andI'11knockyoufat.你再說一個字，我就把你擺平在地?！炯淳郴钣谩?0.(北京海淀區(qū)模擬)adiaryeverydayandyou*11improveyourwriting.A.KeepingB.TokeepC.KeepModule5ALifeinSport知識詳解performvt.做；執(zhí)行；履行；表演；正式進行；實施（某事）vi.表演；表現(xiàn)；（機器）運轉(zhuǎn)（回歸課本P42）Hewasdisappointedbecausehehadnotperformedwellinthe1988SeoulOlympics.他感到很失望，因為他在1988年的首爾奧運會上表現(xiàn)得不好?！練w納總結(jié)】【例句探源】D.IfyoukeepB.dressC.bedressedD.getdressed20①Theyoungdoctorperformedtheheartoperation.這位年輕醫(yī)生為病人做了心臟手術(shù)。②Ourteamperformedw