修改定語從句課件

GrammarTheAttributiveClauseWhoisElena?ThewomanisElena.WhoisFengjie?TheuglywomanisFengjie.WhichoneisXilige?ThehandsomemanisXilige.定語（帶“的”）修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語通常用形容詞或abeautifulfloweratall

boyWhoisAmy?WhoisMandy?AmyMandyThewomanwhoiswearingapairofglassesisAmy.

ThewomanwhoissmokingisMandy.5、何謂非限制性定語從句：定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，一般都用逗號隔開。6、翻譯方法：限制性定語從句翻譯在先行詞前，非限制性定語從句翻譯成一個獨立的句子。如：1)ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（限制性定語從句）譯成漢語：我昨天買的那本書很有趣。2）Mybrother,whoisasoldier,istalkingwithmyteacher.(非限制性定語從句）譯成漢語：我哥哥正在和我的老師談話，他是當(dāng)兵的。Ilikesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ilikefrinedswho/thatlikesports.修飾先行詞friends

theusageoftherelativepronoun

關(guān)系代詞指代在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓語狀語whowhomwhichthatwhose表語定語as使用定語從句要注意事項1、限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞做賓語時可以省略；2、做題中首先要分清主句與從句；3、分析從句中缺少什么成分；4、再看先行詞是人，還是物；5、在此基礎(chǔ)上，再下結(jié)論；6、還要注意關(guān)系代詞做主語時動詞變形跟先行詞統(tǒng)一。e.g.1.Thisisthefan.Iborroweditfrommyclassmate.Thisisthefan___Iborrowedfrommyclassmate.做題思路：1）分清主從句2）分析從句中少什么成分—少賓語限制性定語從句中做賓語可以省略3）分析先行詞是人還是物---是物4）結(jié)論是that或which也可以省略Thisisthefan_________Iborrowedfrommyclassmate.(that/which)因此？e.g.2.Themanisaprofessor.Heisgivingusatalk.Theman____isgivingusatalkisaprofessor.?做題思路：1）分清主從句2）分析從句中少什么成分—少主語做主語不可以省略3）分析先行詞是人還是物---是人4）結(jié)論是that/who不可以省略因此Theman____isgivingusatalkisaprofessor.that/whoe.g.Mr.Smithisthescientist.Hisdiscoveryisveryimportanttous.做題思路：1）分清主從句

?3）現(xiàn)在先行詞是人還是物沒有關(guān)系因為少定語是人或是物都一樣2）分析從句中少什么成分—少定語做定語不可以省略4）結(jié)論是

whose不可以省略Mr.Smithisthescientist_____discoveryisveryimportanttous.1、(你正在找)的那個人在三樓辦公室。2、媽媽當(dāng)老師的那個女孩是我的好朋友。3、我爸爸工作的那家工廠生產(chǎn)播種機。1.Themanwhoyouarelookingforisintheofficeonthethirdfloor.2.Thegirlwhosemotherisateacherismygoodfriend.3.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksproducessowingmachines.①who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whomHeistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.③當(dāng)先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾時。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情況①先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為those,he和people時。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.④whose的先行詞指物時，可用ofwhich代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名詞。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行詞指人時，可用ofwhom代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名詞。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.(4)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如：Those

who

areagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

werepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

waspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamous

whomintheworld.that?(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

whichsheiswearingisnew.

that?

(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.鞏固練習(xí)：1.用定語從句合并句子鞏固練習(xí)1：用定語從句合并句子(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisthekindperson

whoIhaveeverworkedwith.

whomthat?Thisisthebestfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.

?1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglish

verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)鞏固練習(xí)：2.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空鞏固練習(xí)2：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空四.介詞+which/whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.介詞的選用原則：根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars.四.“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的從句，1.介詞選用原則(2)根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。Iremembertheday

onwhichIjoinedtheParty.Irememberthedays

duringwhichIlivedthere.2.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom(指人)或which(指物)，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。Theman

with

whomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.Ican’tfindthepen

withwhichIwaswriting.2.介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞的使用3.當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句末尾時，可用which/that(指物),who/whom/that(指人)作從句中介詞的賓語.而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dadisaperson________________Icaneasilytalkto.Isthistheplay___________youweretalkingaboutjustnow?3.介詞位于句末，關(guān)系代詞的使用4.在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：Thisisthewatch(that/which)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(who/whom/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.4.含介詞的固定搭配動詞短語的使用5.先行詞是theway，意為“方式，方法”時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that/inwhich或省略。

Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.

Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）5.先行詞為theway，關(guān)系詞的使用五.關(guān)系副詞when,where和why的用法五.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時間的名詞/名詞詞組時間狀語where表地點的名詞/名詞詞組地點狀語why表原因的名詞原因狀語用關(guān)系副詞when時，先行詞指時間，when在定語從句中作時間狀語，when可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when用關(guān)系副詞where時，先行詞指地點，where在定語從句中作地點狀語，where可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where用關(guān)系副詞why時，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，why可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why4.關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(1)當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示“次數(shù)”時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime

(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)當(dāng)point,situation,case等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場合”等意思時，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作狀語。如：Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethisphrasecanbeused?4.關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Icame.

3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?

whenonwhichwherefromwhichwhyforwhich鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空

4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(____________)weused“foreignoil”.6)

Yesterday,wehadameeting______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.

whereinwhichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere對比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)對比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.

┏atwhichheworks.┣whichheworksat.

Thatisthecollege┣whereheworks.┣thatheworksat.┗heworksat.

┏onwhichhewasborn┣whichhewasbornon

Theday┣whenhewasbornwas2ndMar.┣thathewasbornon┗hewasbornon六.非限制性定語從句1.非限制性定語從句的定義非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號隔開。Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定語從句的定義類別意義功能形式關(guān)系代詞限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句起限定作用。若省略，原句意義不完整。起補充說明作用。若省略，原句意義不受影響。修飾先行詞修飾先行詞/整個句子無逗號隔開有逗號與主句隔開1.有that無that限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別2.作賓語時可以省略不可以省略ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句內(nèi)容時。

Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定語從句的情況：當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物時。Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定語從句的情況：先行詞是人名、地名、國名、建筑物等專有名詞時。YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.關(guān)系代詞as,which引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時的區(qū)別(1)as和which都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主句中的某一個詞。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般置于主句之后。如：3.as/which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.(2)as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)(2)代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.(3)數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(4)形容詞比較級/最高級+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Thankyou“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”用法1.介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習(xí)慣性搭配，例如：Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands2.介詞常受先行詞的制約（即介詞和先行詞的搭配），例如：Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.3.ThetrainonwhichIwenttoBeijingisanexpress.Ihaveasonwhoisadoctor.Ihaveason,whoisadocotor.只用that引導(dǎo)當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時：Hetalkedaboutthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.2.指物的先行詞被any,every,only,very,all,no等修飾時：Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme.That'stheonlywatchthatIlikemost.3.指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時：Thefirststep(that)wearetotakeisverydifficult.Thisisthesecondcard(that)hegaveme.4.先行詞是指物的不定代詞all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing等時：Thereisstillmuch

thatcanbedoneaboutit.Haveyougoteverything(that)youneed?5.先行詞是who時：Who

thathaveseenhimdoesnotlikehim?不用that的場合如下：1.非限制性定語從句中Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.2.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearntthenews3.句中出現(xiàn)了that，或先行詞是that時IhavefoundthatwhichIwaslookingfor.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.Hewhobreaksth