初二英語語法匯總

初二英語語法匯總一.知識點總結(jié): 一般將來時一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用）如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。begoingtodo （動詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如:Itisgoingtorain.willdo 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：.表不預見Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest..表示意圖Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：will+主語+do…？WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?(2)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Willthere+be????Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon't否定句構(gòu)成：will+not(won't)+doSarahwon'tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…？WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句例：Idon'tfeelwelltoday,(bebettertomorrow)I'11bebettertomorrow.Ginahassixclassestoday,(havealotofhomeworktonight)I’mtirednow.(sleeplater)Myparentsneedanewcar.(buyonesoon)(leavea(leaveaTheweatherisawfultoday.(bebettertomorrow)答案：1.Shellhavealotofhomeworktonight.I'llsleeplater.They'llbuyonesoon.We'llleavealittlelater.Maybeit'llbebettertomorrow.（二）should的用法：should 用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如：Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。Studentsshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。學習向別人提建議的幾種句式：Ithinkyoushould…Well,youcould…Maybeyoushould…Whydontyou…？Whataboutdoingsth.?You'dbetterdosth.用should或shouldn't填空Ican'tsleepthenightbeforeexams.Youtakeawarmshowerbeforeyougotobed.Goodfriendsargueeachother.Thereislittlemilkintheglass.Webuysome.Theydidn'tinviteyou?Maybeyoubefriendlier.Iamalittlebitoverweight.SoIthinkIdoexerciseseveryday.答案：1.should2.shouldn't3.should4.should5.should（三）過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作。.構(gòu)成was/were+doing）例如：IwaswatchingTVat9o'clocklastnight.at9 o'clocklastnight 是時間點Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.allafternoon是時間段.過去進行時的標志詞at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday等。例如：Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。ThistimeyesterdayI(read)books.At9o'clocklastSundaythey(have)aparty.Wheri(com?intotheclassroom,she(read)astorybook.She(play)computergameswhilehermother(cook)yesterdayafternoon.I(have)ashowerwhenyou(call)meyesterday.答案：1.wasreading2.werehaving3.came;wasreading4.wasplaying;wascooking5.washaving;called(四)間接引語形成步驟：(1)不要逗號，冒號，引號(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)(3)要考慮時態(tài)的變化(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時2.直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語am/isarehave/haswill間接引語waswerehadwouldcanmaycouldmight用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.ShesaidI (be)hard-working.Petertoldmehe(be)boredyesterday.Shesaidshe(go)swimminglastSunday.Bobbysaidhe(ma￡callmelater.Antoniotoldmehe(read)abookthen.答案：1.was2.was3.went4.might5.wasreading請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：IgotothebeacheverySaturday. (Ton)Icanspeakthreelanguages. (Lucy)Iwillcallyoutomorrow. (Mike)I'mhavingasurprisepartyforLana.(she)(五)

if引導的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if+一般現(xiàn)在時，主語+將來時含義：如果例如：Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請求他，他會幫助你。Ifneedbe,we'llworkallnight.如果需要，我們就干個通宵。根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。.如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。Ifyoutheparty,youIfyoutheparty,you.如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐oIfittomorrow,we3.If如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。youoftenIfittomorrow,we3.If如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。youoftenyou答案：Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtimeIfitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepicnicIfyouoftenlistentoEnglishsongs,you'lllikeEnglish二.完形填空特點及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等，用適當?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。.完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個選擇項，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運用所學的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當，字數(shù)在150—200個單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個左右空格，所設(shè)考點涉及詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設(shè)置的選項基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準確運用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。.選詞填空題：該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時還增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）Jackwantedtoaskfortwodaysoff,1hehadonlylearntthephrase（短語）“haveadayoff”.He2,thenhehadanidea.aGrandmotherisill.MayIhaveadayoff,3?”heaskedtheteacher. "Ofcourse,youcan."replied （答復）theteacheratonce.

Afterawhile,theboycameto4attheteacher'sdoor."MayIhaveadayoff5?”Theteacher

“Didn'tyou6it5?”Theteacher

“Didn'tyou6itButIcan'tbeherewasverysurprised,justnow?”“Yes,sir.7,either."Theteacherunderstoodhimandcouldnothelp8.Thenhesaidwithasmile,“Whydidn'tyousay'MayIhavetwodaysoff?'TTheboyansweredquickly9aloudvoice."Butyouonly10us'haveadayoff!’"( )1.A.but B.andC.orD.for( )2.A.thoughthardlythoughthardandhardhardthought( )3.A.MissD.Mr( )3.A.MissD.Mr( )4.A.strikeD.knock( )5.A.alsoB.sirC.teacherB.bestC.hitB.againC.tooD.once( )6.A.speak B.tellC.say D.do( )7.A.tomorrowthedayaftertomorrowyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterday)8.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughedD.laughing)9.A.withB.onC.inD.by( )10.A.teachB.taughtC.areteachingD.wereteaching(B)請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當?shù)?0個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當?shù)脑~形變化。than,so,tell,us,them,report,beause,love,composition,understand,to,that,much,for,whatAgenerationgap(代溝)hasbecomeaseriousproblem.Ireada(1)aboutitinthenewspaper.Somechildrenhavekilled(2)afterquarrels(爭吵)withparents.Ithinkthisis (3)theydon'thaveagoodtalkwitheachother.Parentsnowspend(4)timeintheoffice.(5)theydon'thavemuchtimetostaywiththeirchildren.Astimepasses,theybothfeel(6)theydon'thavethesametopics (話題)totalkabout.Iwantto(7)parentstobemorewithyourchildren,gettoknowthemandunderstandthem.Andforchildren, showyourfeeling(8)yourparents.Theyarethepeoplewho(9)you.Sotellthemyourthoughts (想法).Inthisway,youcanhaveabetter(10)ofeachother.完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：.跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開始判定選擇，切忌倉促下筆。.結(jié)合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項細讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮，對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。.瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。.復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認真復查?？此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習慣表達法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤答案或有疑問的，應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：.跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時態(tài)、語氣為立足點，理清文脈，推測全文主題及大意。.復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認真復讀短文，利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學過的知識，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。.三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞后，將完成的短文再細讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證，凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。（三）課文閱讀指導1.初中閱讀閱讀理解能力(1)理解主旨要義(2)理解文中具體信息(3)根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的意義(4)做出簡單判斷的推理(5)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(6)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度.培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習慣(1)擴大視距(2)克服聲讀(3)克服逐字讀.猜測詞文(1)通過標題或主題句進行預測(2)文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因此;I過文章標題或主題句進行預測，以便正確理解。(3)通過語篇標記進行預測(4)語篇標記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。(5)利用背景知識預測(6)利用圖片進行預測【模擬試題】(答題時間：80分鐘)選擇填空( )1.Beijingwonthechancesthe2008Olympics.A.tohost B.hostC.hostingD.hosted( )2.TigerWoodscanmakebillionsdollarsayear.forB.withC.ofD.on( )3.—Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.A.No,IdontthinksoOfcourseThankyouverymuchNo,I'mnotbeautiful( )4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little( )5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper"WhoMovedMycheese"wasaninterestingbook.

A.thatB.whatC.howD.ifA.thatB.whatC.howD.ifmoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.一Idon'tagree.Speakingisreading.A.asimportantasasthemoreimportantimportant( )7.Ifhecatchupwithus.soimportantD.themostharder,he'llworkedD.soimportantD.themostharder,he'llworkedD.( )8.Themanagerthatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock(股票)wentdown.A.talkedB.toldC.saidD.spoke( )9.Weshouldkeepinthereading-room.A.quietB.quietlyC.quiteD.quickly( )10.—Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.A.SoIdoB.IdosoC.SodoISoisI( )11.IfyouwanttowatchTV,youmayturn .A.downB.itonC.onitD.itoff( )12.I'msorryIhaven'tgotanymoney.I'vemyhandbagathome.A.missedB.leftC.putD.forgotten( )13.Heislisteningtothemusicsheiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while( )14.IttakestimetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.moreB.fewerC.longerD.less( )15.—Excuseme.Haveyougotaneraser?—Sorry,Ihavent.WhyyouaskMary?Perhapsshe'sgotone.A.doB.don'tC.didD.didn't二.選擇恰當?shù)拇鹫Z。WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?A.Yourteacherwon'tletyouin.Willpeopleusepaper B.HesaidIcouldn'tstayoutlate.moneyinthefuture?Ican'tsleep,whatshouldIdo?C.Iwasdoingmyhomework.IfIwearjeanstoschool,D.No,theywon't.Everyonewhatwillhappen?willhaveacreditcard.Whatdidyourfathersay?E.Youshouldlistentosomerelaxingmusic..根據(jù)漢語提示填空：.不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點建議嗎？Idon'tknowtodo,canyougivemesome?.外星人正在買紀念品的時候，我給警察打了個電話。Whilethealienwasasouvenir,Ithepolice..我放學回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。Onmywayhomefromschool,Isawacatgetawindow..我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。Idon'twanttotalkitwithyouthephone..我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個驚喜的晚會。WearegoingtohaveapartyforJohnFridayevening..完形填空：把下面五個句子放在文章中的恰當位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon（氣球）TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soontheyheardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope 償龜子）,anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen'sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnowontheground.4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledtheboxintothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!A.ThementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandB.theywereabletochangeitsweight(重量)Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalongway.theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowE.theairtherewasverycold五.閱讀理解(A)EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaoblem.Whilehewaswaiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thepaperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbecomewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.WhatdidEinsteindo?Hewas.A.adoctor B.ateacherC.ascientistWhywasEinsteinonabridge.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.Becausehewasthinking.Itrained.A.sometimesB.forsometimeC.foralongtimeEinsteinandbegantowritesomethingonit.boughtapieceofpaper.tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.Whichistrue?Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.Einstein was careful with hisclothes.Einstein was careful with hisfriends.(B)生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)1—5小題所描述的救護方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應的圖畫(本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。)Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarthis/herbreathingatonce.Thebestthingistousethemouth-to-mouthway.Laythepersononhis/herbackandbreatheintohis/hermouth.Ifthepersonisbleeding(流血)badly,youmusttrytostopthebleeding.Pressonthebleedingpointwithapieceofcleanclothandholdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.Ifyouarebitten(cutbyteeth)byananimal,washthecut