語(yǔ)法功能班-課件第三講版

第三講：@-學(xué)為貴聽(tīng)課建議：基本功差的同學(xué)：語(yǔ)法框架圖+思維導(dǎo)圖幫助建系，要多看。跟不上，莫糾結(jié)，做好標(biāo)注，課下聽(tīng)錄播課復(fù)盤(pán)，把問(wèn)題發(fā)群里，或者直接私信我。一:

時(shí)態(tài)二：小作文描述對(duì)象時(shí)態(tài)一.三種時(shí)態(tài)使用說(shuō)明二.雅思小作文對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)一.三種時(shí)態(tài)使用說(shuō)明一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：1）.

有過(guò)去具體時(shí)間時(shí)，描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事實(shí)2）.

沒(méi)有過(guò)去具體時(shí)間時(shí)，描述與現(xiàn)在相反的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或事實(shí)1）.

有過(guò)去具體時(shí)間時(shí)，描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事實(shí)我和我妻子相遇在2000年。昨晚，他們回家很晚。很久以前，人們住在山洞里。I

met

my

wife

in

2000.They

got

home

veryla ast

night.People

lived

in

caves

a

long

time

ago.2）.

沒(méi)有過(guò)去具體時(shí)間時(shí)，描述與現(xiàn)在相反的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或事實(shí)She

used

to

go

to

work

by

bus.I

lived

abroad

for

ten

years.As

a

young

doctor,

I

perpetually

wondered

why

people

who

admitted

toneeding

care ed

so

much

at

receiving

thatcare.perpetually:連續(xù)不斷的，無(wú)休止的I

had

always

assumed

that

such

a

disaster

could

never

happenagain:general

health

had

improved

significantly,

and

in

1919

populationsacross

Europe

were

exhausted

and

malnourished

after

the world

war,and

didn’t

have

access

to

effective

vaccinations,

antibioticsandantiviraltreatments.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)描述“迄今為止，某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成”（至于該動(dòng)作，是在過(guò)去什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的，并不重要）描述“迄今為止，已經(jīng)擁有某種經(jīng)歷”（至于該經(jīng)歷，是在過(guò)去什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的，并不重要）描述“動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在” （常跟for，since連用）出現(xiàn)了這三種情況，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，是個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的選擇1）描述“迄今為止，某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成”（至于該動(dòng)作，是在過(guò)去什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的，并不重要）抓住了罪犯。have

caught

the

thief.The人們對(duì)女性的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變People’s

attitudes

towards

females

havechanged.科技改變了人們的交流的方式。Technology

has

changed

how

people

interact

with

each

other.2）描述“迄今為止，已經(jīng)擁有某種經(jīng)歷”（至于該經(jīng)歷，是在過(guò)去什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的，并不重要）我見(jiàn)過(guò)外星人。I

have

seenien.I

saw ien

last

year.他曾在曼谷住過(guò)。He

has

lived

inBangkok.你去過(guò)紐約么？Have

you

ever

been

to

New

York?3）描述“動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”（常跟for，since連用）從六月到現(xiàn)在,我一直在這工作。I

have

worked

here

since

June.我等了你5個(gè)小時(shí)了。Ihave

waited

for

you

for

5hours.我在 已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。I

have

been

in

the

army

for

more

than

5

years.你去過(guò) 么？我作業(yè)寫(xiě)完了。你參加過(guò)公益活動(dòng)么？我喜歡參加公益活動(dòng)。他是個(gè)素食主義者三年多了。出來(lái)了么？他每天早晨都五點(diǎn)起床。你曾經(jīng)丟過(guò)

和 么？孩子們找到了丟失了的狗狗。女人地位提高了。投入了一些努力在野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)上。Have

you

ever

been

to

Japan?

（經(jīng)歷）I

have

finished

my

.（完成）Have

you

ever

participated

in

a

voluntary

activity?（經(jīng)歷）不是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)5

He

hasbeen

a

vegetarian

for

three

years.（持續(xù)）Has

the

sun

come

up?

（完成）不是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)8

Have

you

ever

been

in

a

situation

where

you

lost

your

keys

and

mobiles?（經(jīng)歷）9

The

children

have

found

the

lost

puppy.

（完成）過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)極其相似。唯一區(qū)別在于，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示截止到過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，動(dòng)作的完成，經(jīng)歷的擁有，以及動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。區(qū)分：賺了100塊了。截至到上周五，賺了100塊了。People’s

attitudes

towards

females

have

changed.People’s

attitudes

towards

females

had

changed

by

1950.I

have

seenI

hadseenien.ien

before

I

became

a

pilot.I

have

waited

for

you

for

5

hours.I

had

waited

for

5

hours

by

the

time

you

came.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的使用，通常會(huì)伴隨有，某些明顯的過(guò)去時(shí)間截點(diǎn)的標(biāo)志詞。比如，until

lastweek,before

last

year,

by

the

time,

by

nine

o'clock

last

night.二.雅思小作文對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)1

The

graph

below

shows

the

proportion

of

the

population

aged

65

andover

between

1940

and

2040

in

three

differentcountries.老年人口比例，在1940到1960 下降The

figure

of

Japan

declined

between

1940

and

1960.它在2030年到2040年區(qū)間迅速上升，The

figure

of

Japan

is

predicted

to

rise

significantly

between

2030

and

2040.will

probably,be

expected

to, be

predicted

to等等2

The

graph

below

shows

the

demand

for

electricity

in

Englandduringtypical

days

in

winter

and

summer.

The

pie

chart

shows

howelectricityis

used

in

a age

English

home.如果小作文沒(méi)有給出時(shí)間，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述即可3.

The

picture

illustrates

the

process

of

coffee

manufactureandpreparation

for

sale

on

the

market.流程圖，因?yàn)闆](méi)給出時(shí)間，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)描述即可4.

The

maps

below

show

the

development

of

Barton

Bingham

from

1937

to1995.

Summarise

the

information

by

selecting

and

reporting

the

mainfeatures

and

make

comparisons

whererelevant.The

pie

chart

below

shows

the

main

reasons

why

agricultural

land es

lessproductive.

The

table

shows

how

these

causes

affected

three

regions

of

the

worldduring

the

1990s.時(shí)態(tài)，描述對(duì)象二：小作文描述對(duì)象Thursday,

December

21,

2017IELTSWritingTask1: the

mostimportant

skillProbably

the

most

important

skill

for

writing

task

1

isbeing

able

to

describe

numbers

correctly.

IELTScandidates

make

a

lot

of

basic

mistakes

in

this

area.六個(gè)基礎(chǔ)句型描述對(duì)象is具體數(shù)值地點(diǎn)

+

have +

具體數(shù)值具體數(shù)值開(kāi)頭There

is

+數(shù)據(jù)...account

for?%of

100%代表內(nèi)容...make

up?%of100%代表內(nèi)容1描述對(duì)象is具體數(shù)值題干若有以下這些詞，這些詞通常是描述對(duì)象若無(wú)，根據(jù)題干數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)選擇以下三組詞之一The

number

of…The

amount

of…The

proportion

of…選proportion作主語(yǔ)時(shí)建議先找到100%代表的內(nèi)容放在proportion后，再跟上數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，最后讀題找到兩者的邏輯關(guān)系consumptionproductionGDPspending

onexpenditure

ondemandsalesusageilliteracy

rate1,

The

three

pie

charts

below

show

the

changes

in

annual

spendingby

a

particular

UK

school

in

1981,

1991

and

20014.

The

pie

charts

below

show

units

of

electricity

production

byfuel

source

in

Australia

and

France

in

1980

and

2000.6.

The

pie

chart

below

showsthe

main

reasons

why

agriculturallandes

less

productive.

The

table

shows

how

these

causes

affected

threeregions

of

the

world

during

the

1990s.建議先找到100%代表的內(nèi)容放在proportion后，再跟上數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，最后讀題找到兩者的邏輯關(guān)系8.

The

pie

charts

below

showhow

dangerous

waste

products

are

dealtwithin

three

countries.建議先找到100%代表的內(nèi)容放在proportion后，再跟上數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，最后讀題找到兩者的邏輯關(guān)系建議先找到100%代表的內(nèi)容放在proportion后，再跟上數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，最后讀題找到兩者的邏輯關(guān)系7.描述對(duì)象is具體數(shù)值地點(diǎn)

+

have +

具體數(shù)值具體數(shù)值開(kāi)頭There

is+數(shù)據(jù)...

account

for

?%

of

......

make

up

?%

of

...The

pie

charts

below

show

units

of

electricity

production

by

fuelsource

in

Australia

and

France

in

1980

and

2000.描述對(duì)象is具體數(shù)值地點(diǎn)

+

have +

具體數(shù)值具體數(shù)值開(kāi)頭There

is+數(shù)據(jù)...account

for?%of

100%代表內(nèi)容...make

up?%of

100%代表內(nèi)容The

pie

chart

below

shows

the

main

reasons

why

agriculturalland

esless

productive.

The

table

shows

how

these

causes

affected

threeregionsof

the

world

during

the

1990s.描述對(duì)象is具體數(shù)值地點(diǎn)

+

have +

具體數(shù)值3具體數(shù)值開(kāi)頭4

Thereis+數(shù)據(jù)...account

for?%of

100%代表內(nèi)容...make

up?%of

100%代表內(nèi)容練習(xí)請(qǐng)參考講義：The

table

below

gives

information

on

consumer

spending

on

different

items

in

fivedifferent

countries

in

2002.Summarise

the

information

by

selecting

and

reporting

the

main

features,

and

makecomparisons

where

relevant.6個(gè)句型在動(dòng)態(tài)圖中的應(yīng)用描述對(duì)象上升The

proportion

of

old

people

in

the

USA

increases

steadily.國(guó)家有一個(gè)上升The

USA

has

a

steady

increase

in

th