考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州外語(yǔ)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州外語(yǔ)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Duringtheirfistteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe

（

）oflessons.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。observation“觀(guān)察，監(jiān)視”；investigation“調(diào)查”；inspection“視察，檢查”；examination“考試”。句意：這些學(xué)生在第一年教師培訓(xùn)期的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常去一些當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校觀(guān)摩。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Ifthestateofourknowledgewere（

）itprovideduswithamodelofunquestionedvaliditythatcompletelyexplainedhumanbehavior,wecaneliminatealldisagreement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suchthat

B.suchas

C.assuch

D.sothat

【答案】A

【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。suchthat連用時(shí)，such為代詞，that引導(dǎo)的從句做such的同位語(yǔ)。句中such指代thestateofourknowledge，后面that引導(dǎo)從句對(duì)這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)作進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)虼薃選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

ThedestructionoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkCity_____shockandangerthroughouttheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tempted

B.provoked

C.summoned

D.enveloped

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。tempted“引誘”；provoked“激起”；summoned“召集”；enveloped“包圍”。句意：紐約雙子塔的毀壞在全世界激起了震驚和憤怒。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Only5minutesafterittookoff,theaircraftdownto（

）earthforthedamagedengine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluctuated

B.vibrated

C.plummeted

D.mutated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)，動(dòng)搖”；B選項(xiàng)vibrate“振動(dòng)；顫動(dòng)；搖擺”；C選項(xiàng)plummet“墜落，掉下”；D選項(xiàng)mutate“突變”。填入動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式做謂語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)是theaircraft，由關(guān)鍵信息thedamagedengine“損壞的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”可知plummet“墜落，掉下”符合題意，句意為：因?yàn)榘l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)損壞，飛機(jī)起飛后5分鐘就降落到地面上。故答案選C。

5.單選題

（

）herinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Giving

B.Give

C.Given

D.Togive

【答案】C

【解析】考查given的特殊語(yǔ)法。given充當(dāng)介詞，意思是“考慮到”。句意：考慮到她對(duì)孩子的興趣，教學(xué)工作應(yīng)該是她正確的職業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Takeataxi,（）you’llmissyourtrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.if

C.otherwise

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:搭出租車(chē)過(guò)去，不然你會(huì)趕不上火車(chē)。

考查連詞辨析。Otherwise表示選擇和轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系,意為“如果不…，會(huì)…”,符合句意。

7.單選題

Theyconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,（

）,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incidentally

B.actually

C.alternatively

D.accordingly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。incidentally意為“偶然，附帶地”；actually意為“實(shí)際上”；alternatively意為“(引出第二種選擇或可能的建議)要不，或者”；accordingly意為“因此，于是”。

句意：他們認(rèn)為這些與國(guó)防有關(guān)的研究項(xiàng)目是否能提高人們的生活水平或者能保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源是值得懷疑的。

8.單選題

Thephonehasrungsooftentodaythatitisbecomea/an（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.frustration

C.distress

D.nuisance

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)interruption“中斷，干擾”；B選項(xiàng)frustration“挫折”；C選項(xiàng)distress“危難，不幸”；D選項(xiàng)nuisance“麻煩事”。句意：今天電話(huà)響了很多次，真煩人。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Weworktomakemoney,butitis（

）athatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemma

B.conflict

C.prejudice

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。dilemma“困境；進(jìn)退兩難”；conflict“沖突，矛盾”；prejudice“偏見(jiàn)；侵害”；paradox“悖論；似非而是的論點(diǎn)；自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：我們工作時(shí)為了掙錢(qián)，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的人通常并不是掙錢(qián)最多的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.案例題

Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardinganairplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That'swhenaplanehitstheWorldTradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral（震撼心靈的）.Whenthetrailerplayedbefore"InsideMan"lastweekataHollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,"Toosoon!"InNewYorkCity,theresponsewasevenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreensafterseveralcomplaints.

"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.Isittoosoon?Shouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatall?Moretothepoint,willanyonewanttoseeit?Other9/11projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,mostnotablyOliverStone's"WorldTradeCenter."butastheforerunner,"United93"willtakemostoftheheat,whetheritdeservesitornot.

TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainsttheterrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhatoccurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily."WasIsurprisedattheagreement?Yes.Very.Usuallythere'reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,"Greengrasswritesinane-mail."IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheirlivesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus."CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,"Theywereveryopenandhonestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject."Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,planstodonate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair."Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Ourportsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhenyou'renotsecure.That'sthemessageIwantpeopletohear."

1.Thetrailerfor"United93"succeededin（）whenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywoodandNewYorkCity.

2.Themovie"United93"issuretogiveriseto（）.

3.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovie?.

4.Universal,whichisreleasing"United93",hasbeencriticizedfor（）.

5.CaroleO'Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeoftellingthestoryisto（）boutsecurity.

【答案】1.causingareaction

2.anemotionaldebate

3.Theapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily

4.exploitinganationaltragedy

5.raisetheawareness

【解析】1.

根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Ifmovietrailers（預(yù)告片）aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewfor"United93"morethansucceeds.”succeededin+doingsth.介詞in后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“"United93"isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertaintoigniteanemotionaldebate.”ignite在這里相當(dāng)于giveriseto，所以只需要接后面的名詞即可。

3.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“PaulGreen”定位到第三段的第二句“Writer-directorPaulGreen...aftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.”重點(diǎn)理解proceed和ceed意為"在之前"，secure意為"獲得，得到"。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Universal”定位到第三段“Thathasn'tstoppedcriticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.”for在這里為介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。

5.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容"Thisstoryhastobetoldtohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,"shesays."Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness...”題干中的to不定式做is的表語(yǔ)，后面直接用動(dòng)詞且為原形。

11.問(wèn)答題

ThiscompetitionisgoodfortheoveralldevelopmentofChina’slong-monopolizingbanking

A

industryandisexpectedtointensifybytheendoftheyearorearlynextyearasmoreprivate

B

C

D

banksareestablished.

【答案】試題答案：A;monopolized

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。bankingindustry與monopolize的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，故用其過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)修飾。

12.單選題

TheAdultVocationalCollegeisanopportunitytogaintherightqualificationsforvariouscareers,foritoffersan（）rangeofsubjectsandcourses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.additional

B.excessive

C.adequate

D.extensive

【答案】D

【解析】additional附加的，額外的；excessive過(guò)度的，過(guò)分的；adequate充足的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；extensive廣闊的，廣泛的，寬廣的。句意：成人職業(yè)學(xué)院是一個(gè)獲得各種職業(yè)資格的機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)樗峁V泛的科目和課程。根據(jù)后面的range可知，選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

13.單選題

Whenfacedwithdoubtsfromsomeadvisersontheattemptedinvasion,thepresidentignoredthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failedtonotice

B.putupwith

C.stoodupfor

D.refusedtoconsider

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)面對(duì)一些顧問(wèn)對(duì)入侵企圖的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，總統(tǒng)……了他們。ignore意為“忽略，忽視”。A選項(xiàng)failtonotice“沒(méi)有注意到”；B選項(xiàng)putupwith“容忍，忍受”；C選項(xiàng)standupfor“支持，擁護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)refusetoconsider“拒絕考慮”。選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近，代入符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

Yourletterarrivedafterthefinaldateforapplication,（）wecan’tconsideryouforthisjob.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consequently

B.remarkably

C.fluently

D.alarmingly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consequently“因此，所以”；B選項(xiàng)remarkably“顯著地，非常地”；C選項(xiàng)fluently“流利地，通暢地”；D選項(xiàng)alarmingly“驚人地，讓人擔(dān)憂(yōu)地”。句意：你的信到的時(shí)候已經(jīng)過(guò)了申請(qǐng)的最后期限，所以我們無(wú)法讓你做這份工作。后半句是前半句事情導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，是因果關(guān)系，所以A選項(xiàng)Consequently“因此，所以”正確。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Cananovelistremain______totheproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.indifferent

C.careless

D.detached

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)impartial“公正的，沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn)的”，B項(xiàng)indifferent“冷漠的，漠不關(guān)心的”，C項(xiàng)careless“粗心的，無(wú)憂(yōu)無(wú)慮的”，D項(xiàng)detached“分離的，分開(kāi)的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞novelist“小說(shuō)家”和theproblemsoftheworldinwhichhelives“自己所生活的世界的問(wèn)題”可知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：小說(shuō)家能對(duì)他所處世界上的問(wèn)題不偏不倚嗎？因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

By（

）computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimtwothousanddollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coarse

B.rude

C.crude

D.rough

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的”；crude“粗糙的，天然的”；rough“粗略的，艱苦的”。句意：通過(guò)粗略估算，他估計(jì)房子的整修將花費(fèi)兩千美元。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

17.單選題

Hecomplicatedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation（

）athesis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在英語(yǔ)中，表示“命令、建議、愿望、要求”等的詞（不管是動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞）之后的從句用should+動(dòng)詞原詞，而且should可以省略。句中的requirement表示“要求”，其后是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，因此選A。句意：他把教育中所有研究生都要寫(xiě)論文的要求復(fù)雜化了。

18.翻譯題

Thelivesofmostmenaredeterminedbytheirenvironment.Theyacceptthecircumstancesamidwhichfatehasthrownthemnotonlywithresignationbutevenwithgoodwill.Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrailsandtheydespisethemotorcyclethatdashesinandoutofthetrafficandspeedssojauntilyacrosstheopencounty.Irespectthem;theyaregoodcitizens,goodhusbandsandgoodfathersandofcoursesomebodyhastopaythetaxes;butIdon’tfindthemexciting.Iamfascinatedbythemenfewenoughinallconsciencewhotakelifeintheirownhandsandseemtomouldittotheirownliking.Itmaybethatwehavenosuchthingasfreewillbutatalleventswegavetheillusionofit.Atacross-road,itdoesseemtousthatwemightgoeithertotherightortotheleftandthechoiceoncemade,itisdifficulttoseethatwholecourseofthewordshistoryobligedustotaketheturningwedid.

【答案】對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活是由環(huán)境決定的。他們?cè)诿\(yùn)的撥弄面前，不僅逆來(lái)順受，甚至還能隨遇而安。這些人猶如街上的有軌電車(chē)，滿(mǎn)足于在自己的軌道上運(yùn)行；而對(duì)于那些不時(shí)出沒(méi)于車(chē)水馬龍間和歡快地奔馳在曠野上的廉價(jià)小汽車(chē)卻不屑一顧。我尊重這些人；他們是守法的公民、盡職的丈夫、慈祥的父親。當(dāng)然，總得有人繳納種種稅款；可是，我并不覺(jué)得他們使人振奮。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿創(chuàng)造生活，盡管這樣的人寥若晨星，他們卻深深地吸引了我。自由意志這玩意兒對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)也許純屬子虛烏有；但不管怎么說(shuō)，它確實(shí)存在于我們的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口，我們好像能在左右兩條道路中任選其一，可一旦選定之后，卻又很難認(rèn)識(shí)到那實(shí)際是世界歷史的整個(gè)進(jìn)程左右了我們的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

19.單選題

ThefirstancientOlympicswereheldin776B.C.ThegamesgottheirnamefromOlympia,theGreekcitywheretheytookplace.LikethesummerOlympicsoftoday,theancientOlympicswereheldeveryfouryears.

ThousandsofpeoplefromallovertheGreekworldcametowatch.Themainstadiumheldabout45,000people.“Wehaveaccountsofvisitorsandpilgrimssettinguptentsallaroundthesite.”LisaCerratoofTuftsUniversitysaid.

DuringthefirstOlympics,therewasonlyonecompetition-a200-meterrace.Butovertimethegamesgrewtoincludewrestling,racing,boxing,andothersports.Womenwerenotallowedtocompete,buttheyhadtheirownseparategames.

“Theancientathletebecamecelebrities,justliketoday.Theyoftenlivedtherestoftheirlivesbeingtreatedtofreedinners.”Cerratosaid,“City-stateseventriedtostealawayeachother’sathletesbyofferingthemvariousawards.”

TheancientOlympicsexisteduntilA.D.393.ButthemodemOlympicsarestillgoingstrong.

1.WheredidtheancientGreeksholdtheirfirstOlympics?

2.HowdidresearchersknowthatancientGreeksrushedtowatchtheOlympics?

3.WhatdidwomendosincetheywerenotallowedtoparticipateintheOlympics?

4.Theancientathletesmusthavefelthonoredwhenthey（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.InAthens.

B.InOlympics.

C.Inatown.

D.Inastate.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thousandsofpeoplecametowatch.

B.Themainstadiumwasnotbigenough.

C.Manyofthemwerevisitorsandpilgrims.

D.Theyhavefoundtherelatedrecordofevents.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theystayedathomedoingnothing.

B.Theyorganizedprotestsinthecity.

C.Theyhadtheirowngames.

D.Theysetuptentsaroundthesite.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.completedina200-meterrace

B.wrestledwitheachother

C.readtheaccountsofthegames

D.receivedthetreatmentoffreedinners

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.city-statescompetedwitheachothertowintheOlympics

B.theancientathleteslikedtocelebratetheirvictories

C.freedinnerswereofferedduringthecompetition

D.awardswereoftenstolentohonortheathletes

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段：ThegamegottheirnamefromOlympia,theGreekcitywheretheytookplace.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)得名于它的舉辦地一奧林匹亞，它是希臘的一個(gè)城市。確定C選項(xiàng)正確

2.根據(jù)第二段：…“wehaveaccountsofvisitorsandpilgrims...”確定C選項(xiàng)’他們中許多是參觀(guān)者和朝圣者‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’數(shù)以千計(jì)的人來(lái)參觀(guān)‘與題意不符。B選項(xiàng)’主體育場(chǎng)不夠大‘，文中提到體育場(chǎng)可容納45,000人，與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)’他們己經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的記錄‘文中未提及。

3.根據(jù)文章第三段：Womenwerenotallowedtocompete,buttheyhadtheirownseparategames.女性不允許參加比賽，但是她們可以有自己?jiǎn)为?dú)的比賽，確定C選項(xiàng)’她們有她們自己的比賽‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’她們呆在家里，什么也不做‘和B選項(xiàng)’她們?cè)诔抢锝M織抗議‘文中沒(méi)有提及。D選項(xiàng)’她們?cè)诒荣悎?chǎng)地周?chē)罱◣づ瘛c’參觀(guān)者與朝圣者搭建帳篷‘不符合，排除。

4.根據(jù)第四段：Theancientathletesbecamecelebrities,justliketoday.Theyoftenlivedtheirrestoftheirlivesbeingtreatedtofreedinners.古時(shí)候的運(yùn)動(dòng)員就如同當(dāng)今的大腕一樣。他們經(jīng)常終生可以享受免費(fèi)就餐的待遇，確定D選項(xiàng)’享受免費(fèi)就餐的待遇‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’參加200米競(jìng)賽‘是比賽項(xiàng)目，不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)’彼此較勁‘和C選項(xiàng)’閱讀比賽記錄‘文中未提及。

5.根據(jù)第四段：City-stateseventriedtostealawayeachother'sathletesbyofferingthemvariousawards.”各城邦試圖通過(guò)提供各種優(yōu)厚福利來(lái)按對(duì)手的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，確定A選項(xiàng)’各城邦為了在奧運(yùn)會(huì)中獲勝，彼此互想競(jìng)爭(zhēng)‘正確。B選項(xiàng)’古時(shí)候的運(yùn)動(dòng)員喜歡慶祝勝利‘文中未提及。C選項(xiàng)’比賽中提供免費(fèi)就餐‘與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)’經(jīng)常盜取獎(jiǎng)賞以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員‘與原文不符。

20.單選題

Ahealthyandbetter-educatednewgenerationisa（

）forsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.security

C.demand

D.target

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。guarantee保障，擔(dān)保；security安全；demand需求；target目標(biāo)。

句意：身體健康、受到良好教育的新一代是所有國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Weatheringisthebreakingdownofrocks,soilsandmineralsaswellasartificialmaterialsthroughcontactwiththeEarth'satmosphere,biotaandwaters.Weatheringoccursinsitu,or"withnomovement",andthusshouldnotbeconfusedwitherosion,whichinvolvesthemovementofrocksandmineralsbyagentssuchaswater,ice,snow,windandgravity.

Twoimportantclassificationsofweatheringprocessesexist-physicalandchemicalweathering.Mechanicalorphysicalweatheringinvolvesthebreakdownofrocksandsoilsthroughdirectcontactwithatmosphericconditions,suchasheat,water,iceandpressure.Thesecondclassification,chemicalweathering,involvesthedirecteffectofatmosphericchemicalsorbiologicallyproducedchemicals（alsoknownasbiologicalweathering）inthebreakdownofrocks,soilsandminerals.

Thematerialsleftoveraftertherockbreaksdowncombinedwithorganicmaterialcreatessoil.Themineralcontentofthesoilisdeterminedbytheparentmaterial,thusasoilderivedfromasinglerocktypecanoftenbedeficientinoneormoremineralsforgoodfertility,whileasoilweatheredfromamixofrocktypes（asinglacial,aeolianoralluvialsediments）oftenmakesmorefertilesoil.InadditionmanyofEarth'slandformsandlandscapesaretheresultofweatheringprocessescombinedwitherosionandre-deposition.

Chemicalweatheringchangesthecompositionofrocks,oftentransformingthemwhenwaterinteractswithmineralstocreatevariouschemicalreactions.Chemicalweatheringisagradualandongoingprocessasthemineralogyoftherockadjuststothenearsurfaceenvironment.Neworsecondarymineralsdevelopfromtheoriginalmineralsoftherock.Inthistheprocessesofoxidationandhydrolysisaremostimportant.

Theprocessofmountainblockupliftisimportantinexposingnewrockstratatotheatmosphereandmoisture,enablingimportantchemicalweatheringtooccur;significantreleaseoccursofCa++andothermineralsintosurfacewaters.

Rainfallisacidicbecauseatmosphericcarbondioxidedissolvesintherainwaterproducingweakcarbonicacid.Inunpollutedenvironments,therainfallPHisaround5.6.Acidrainoccurswhengasessuchassulfurdioxideandnitrogenoxidesarepresentintheatmosphere.TheseoxidesreactintherainwatertoproducestrongeracidsandcanlowerthePHto4.5oreven3.0.Sulfurdioxide,SO2,comesfromvolcaniceruptionsorfromfossilfuels,canbecomesulfuricacidwithinrainwater,whichcancausesolutionweatheringtotherocksonwhichitfalls.

Someminerals,duetotheirnaturalsolubility（e.g.evaporites）,oxidationpotential（iron-richminerals,suchaspyrite）,orinstabilityrelativetosurficialconditions（seeGoldichdissolutionseries）willweatherthroughdissolutionnaturally,evenwithoutacidicwater.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutweathering?

2.Soiliscreatedby（）.

3.Inchemicalweathering,（）.

4.Rainwater（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itiserosion"withnomovement"whenitiscausedbywater.

B.Thereexisttwoimportantclassificationsofweatheringprocesses.

C.ItoccursthroughcontactwiththeEarth'satmosphere,biotaandwaters.

D.Bothphysicalandchemicalweatheringinvolvethebreakdownofrocksandsoils.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.erosionandre-deposition

B.mineralsderivedfromrocks

C.organicmaterialleftoverbyweathering

D.thebreakdownofrockscombinedwithorganicmaterial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.oxidationandhydrolysisaremostimportantprocesses

B.chemicalreactionshappenonlyinwater

C.chemicalreactionsoccurveryquickly

D.newrocksareformedfromreactions

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.containsweakacidwhenitisfoundinareasaffectedbyvolcaniceruptions

B.isacidicwhenitisfoundinpollutedenvironments

C.canlowerthePHofundergroundwater

D.cancausesolutionweatheringtorocks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.RainwaterPollution

B.WeatheringofRock

C.TheCreationofFertileSoil

D.PhysicalandChemicalWeathering

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段第一句可知，風(fēng)化作用是指巖石、土壤、礦物以及人工材料通過(guò)與地球大氣、生物群和水的接觸而進(jìn)行分解，可判斷C選項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文第二段第二句可知，風(fēng)化發(fā)生在原地，或“發(fā)生時(shí)沒(méi)經(jīng)過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)”，因此不應(yīng)與侵蝕相混淆，后者涉及水、冰、雪、風(fēng)和重力等因素造成的巖石和礦物的運(yùn)動(dòng)，由此可以判斷A選項(xiàng)正確。由第二段第一句可知，存在兩種重要的風(fēng)化作用類(lèi)型——物理風(fēng)化和化學(xué)風(fēng)化，所以可判斷B選項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)原文第二段第二句可知，機(jī)械或物理風(fēng)化包括巖石和土壤通過(guò)直接接觸大氣條件而分解，如熱，水，冰和壓力。而化學(xué)風(fēng)化（也稱(chēng)為生物風(fēng)化）主要涉及大氣化學(xué)物質(zhì)或生物產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)巖石、土壤和礦物的破壞的直接影響。由此可以判斷D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息可定位到原文第三段第一句“Thematerialsleftoveraftertherockbreaksdowncombinedwithorganicmaterialcreatessoil”。由此可知，巖石分解后剩下的物質(zhì)與有機(jī)物質(zhì)結(jié)合形成了土壤。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“Chemicalweathering”定位到原文第四段。由原文信息可知，化學(xué)風(fēng)化改變了巖石的成分，當(dāng)水與礦物相互作用時(shí)，常常使巖石發(fā)生變化，產(chǎn)生各種化學(xué)反應(yīng)?；瘜W(xué)風(fēng)化是巖石礦物學(xué)逐漸適應(yīng)近地表環(huán)境的過(guò)程。新礦物或次生礦物由巖石的原始礦物發(fā)展而來(lái)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，氧化和水解過(guò)程是最重要的。由此可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述正確。化學(xué)反應(yīng)在水與礦物相互作用是發(fā)生的，并不是在水里，因此可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。化學(xué)風(fēng)化是逐漸發(fā)生的過(guò)程，因此可判斷C選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。而這些化學(xué)反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物是新礦物或者次生礦物，并不是巖石，由此可判斷D選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第六段第三句“TheseoxidesreactintherainwatertoproducestrongeracidsandcanlowerthePHto4.5oreven3.0.”可知，這些氧化物在雨水中發(fā)生反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生更強(qiáng)的酸，可以將PH值降低到4.5甚至3.0。由此可知，雨水可以降低地下水的PH值。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。這篇文章主要講述的是風(fēng)化作用的定義，分類(lèi)以及影響因素，都是圍繞風(fēng)化作用進(jìn)行的描述。因此B選項(xiàng)最適合作為文章的題目。

22.單選題

AbudgetapprovedbytheEuropeanParliamentfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunitywasdeclaredadoptedTuesdaydespiteoppositionbyministers.ThepresidentoftheParliament,SimoneVeil,signedthe$24.2billion1982budget,（1）theEECintoitsthird

（2）budgetconflict.

Minutesafterreceivinga

（3）fromministersto

（4）thesigningtogivetimetoworkouta

（5），VeiltoldBritain'sFinancialSecretarytotheTreasury,NicholasRidley,shehadadoptedthebudget.

Ridleytoldreporters

（6）speakingtoVeilbytelephone,"Shehasadoptedit,andsheisabsolutely

（7）thattheministersshouldwritetoherinthiswaywithout（8）consultation”.

EECsources

（9）mostmemberstateswouldprobably

（10）tomakefullpaymentstothebudgetasadopted,andtheconflictwaslikelyto

（11）wellintonextyear.

Theministers'lettertoVeil,

（12）afterameetinginBrusselsTuesday,（13）ofseriousconsequences

（14）thebudgetwereadopted.

“Thecouncilofministersappealstoyoutoputofftileadoptionofthe1982budget

（15）aconsensuscanbefound..."itsaid.

Theadoption

（16）sixmonthsoftortuousnegotiationsbetweenthe434-memberAssemblyandEECbudgetministersover1982

（17）.

（18）wasblockedinthe

（19）byparliament’sadditionearlierthismonthofsome$250millionmuchofitforjobsprograms.

Thenumberofpeopleoutof

（20）intheEECinNovemberreachedarecordofalmost10millionorninepercentoftheworkingpopulation,accordingtotheEECstatisticsoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.undergoing

B.confronting

C.plunging

D.converting

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.consecutive

B.consequent

C.sequential

D.preceding

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.bulk

B.plea

C.honor

D.grant

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.delay

B.detain

C.prolong

D.extend

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.combination

C.compromise

D.coincidence

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.before

C.after

D.as

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.furious

B.cautious

C.apprehensive

D.nervous

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.crucial

C.prior

D.durable

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.said

B.questioned

C.told

D.addressed

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.contradict

B.deny

C.refuse

D.concede

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.stretch

B.last

C.gear

D.proceed

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.outlined

B.drafted

C.polished

D.compiled

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.warned

B.disposed

C.dreamt

D.conceived

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.evenif

B.if

C.sothat

D.for

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.while

C.although

D.since

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.characterized

B.followed

C.stimulated

D.brought

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.spending

B.provisions

C.survey

D.slogan

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.clash

B.agreement

C.option

D.abundance

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.end

B.dawn

C.event

D.dark

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.reach

B.shape

C.pulse

D.work

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考察固定搭配。plungeinto/in使窮苦陷入（或遭受）。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考察形容詞詞義辨析。consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；consequent“隨之發(fā)生的，作為結(jié)果的”；sequential“連續(xù)的”；preceding“在前的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵菏笶EC陷入了他們（連續(xù)的）第三次預(yù)算的沖突、矛盾中。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）考察名詞詞義辨析。bulk“體積”；plea“呼吁；懇求”；honor“榮譽(yù)”；grant“撥款，授予”。上文提到minister是反對(duì)這個(gè)方案的，所以此處，他是呼吁推遲這個(gè)方案的施行。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。delay“推遲”；detain“拘留，留住”；prolong“延長(zhǎng)”；extend“延伸”。根據(jù)第53題的大意，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（5）考察名詞詞義辨析。cooperation“合作”；combination“結(jié)合”；compromise“妥協(xié)”；coincidence“巧合”。空格處所在句子的大意是部長(zhǎng)呼吁推遲通過(guò)這個(gè)方案的時(shí)間來(lái)找到折中的方法。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考察連詞的用法。根據(jù)前文可知Ridley是在與Veil打完電話(huà)之后才對(duì)記者發(fā)表講話(huà)的，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（7）考察形容詞詞義辨析。furious“憤怒的”；cautious“小心的”；apprehensive“憂(yōu)慮的，知曉的”；nervous“緊張的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵核械胶軕嵟?，覺(jué)得部長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該直接寫(xiě)信給她，而不需要通過(guò)先前的會(huì)議來(lái)與她討論預(yù)算撥款的事。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）考察形容詞詞義辨析。urgent“緊急的”；crucial“重要的”；prior“優(yōu)先的，在先的”；durable“耐用的”。參考第57題句意可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。said“宣布，表達(dá)”；questioned“質(zhì)疑”；told“告訴”；addressed“向……講話(huà)”。空格處所在句子的句意是：EEC的資料顯示，多數(shù)部長(zhǎng)將有可能拒絕。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（10）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contradict“矛盾”；deny“否定”；refuse“拒絕”；concede“讓步”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐谴蠖鄶?shù)部長(zhǎng)會(huì)拒絕全額支付這個(gè)預(yù)算方案。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。stretch“延伸”；last“持續(xù)”；gear“適合”；proceed“進(jìn)行”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵哼@個(gè)爭(zhēng)論可能會(huì)持續(xù)的第二年。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Outline“概述”；draft“起草”；polish“磨光”；compile“編制”。空格處所在句子的大意是：在星期二的Brussels會(huì)議后，部長(zhǎng)起草了一封信給Veil。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（13）考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。Warnof“警告”；disposeof“處理，處置”；dreamof“夢(mèng)想”；conceiveof“設(shè)想，構(gòu)想”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵焊嬲]如果接受了預(yù)算撥款將出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的后果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（14）考察引導(dǎo)詞的用法。根據(jù)上下文，該句是if引導(dǎo)的條件句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，所以后面的be動(dòng)詞用的是were。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（15）考察連詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵翰块L(zhǎng)想讓Veil等到部長(zhǎng)們的意見(jiàn)一致了才采用預(yù)算撥款。選項(xiàng)A“直到……才”符合題意。

（16）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。characterize“以……為特征”；follow“跟隨”；stimulate“刺激”；bring“帶來(lái)，引來(lái)”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵侯A(yù)算撥款的采用隨著434名Assembly和EEC的預(yù)算部長(zhǎng)，經(jīng)歷了六個(gè)月的曲折談判。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。spend“花費(fèi)”；provision“供給……食品”；survey“調(diào)查”；slogan“標(biāo)語(yǔ)”。spending與前文的payment構(gòu)成呼應(yīng)，符合題意。

（18）考察名詞詞義辨析。clash“沖突”；agreement“協(xié)議”；option“選擇權(quán)”；abundance“充裕”。與前文提到的consensus一致，空格處所在句子大意是：協(xié)議最終被議會(huì)阻止了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（19）考察固定搭配。intheend“最后”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（20）考察固定搭配。outofwork“失業(yè)”。work與上文的job相照應(yīng)，符合題意。

23.單選題

Anewtechnique（），theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因?yàn)樾录夹g(shù)已經(jīng)解決，所以，整體的產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了20%。

語(yǔ)法題。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后半句結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整，因此前半句應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此外，anewtechnique和workout之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此，此處應(yīng)該是過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Thechairpersonofawoman’sclubbeingaddressedbyAdlaiStevensonduringhiscampaignindulgedinalengthyintroductionfullof（）remarks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory

B.lascivious

C.languish

D.lethargic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)laudatory“贊美的；贊賞的；稱(chēng)贊的”；B選項(xiàng)lascivious“好色的；淫蕩的；挑動(dòng)情欲的”；C選項(xiàng)languish“憔悴；凋萎；失去活力；苦思”；D選項(xiàng)lethargic“無(wú)精打采的，懶洋洋的；昏睡的”。句意：阿德萊?史蒂文森(AdlaiStevenson)在競(jìng)選期間對(duì)婦女俱樂(lè)部主席發(fā)表了長(zhǎng)篇介紹，充滿(mǎn)了贊美之詞。本句表示“對(duì)婦女俱樂(lè)部主席發(fā)表長(zhǎng)篇介紹”，則空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)表示褒義的形容詞，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

"Theword‘protection'isnolongertaboo".Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylatelastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.

Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren'tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned—thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asia,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.

That'swhySarkozy'swordwassoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebate.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithinfreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandloserswillbeintheWest.EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJosephSchumpeter,whosaidthat"creativedestruction"wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples.Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.

Alittlehypocrisyisnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lookatwhat'shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund).TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.

ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians—whoareclearlythe