考研考博-英語-上海科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookstore,willgiveyou（）youneed.

問題1選項

A.alltheinformation

B.alltheinformations

C.allofinformation

D.alloftheinformations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。information是不可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式后面不能加s，所以B、D錯誤。allof后面接不可數(shù)名詞時，名詞前必須要有定冠詞the，所以C錯誤。因此A選項alltheinformation正確。

2.單選題

Onceapoliticalsystemhasbeencorrupted,rightfromtheverytopleaderstothelowestranksofthegovernment,theproblemisverycomplicated.

問題1選項

A.spoiled

B.disintegrated

C.rotten

D.boiled

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。corrupted表示“腐敗的”。A項spoiled“溺愛的，破壞的”，B項disintegrated“分裂的，崩潰的”，C項rotten“腐爛的，墮落的”，D項boiled“煮沸的”；句意：一旦一個政治體系腐敗，從最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到最低級別的政府，問題就變得非常復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

3.單選題

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

問題1選項

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A選項mayproperly“適當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項hadbetter“最好”；C選項shouldsurely“應(yīng)該”；D選項mayprobably“也許可能”。句意：過度熱衷于限制食物，節(jié)食者很可能會無意中暴飲暴食，你最好還是忘記禁食的想法。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞mayaswell“最好”，得知B為正確答案。

4.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當(dāng)其沖地承受著這個行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實的當(dāng)今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J(rèn)為當(dāng)前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機(jī)構(gòu)和消費者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費者認(rèn)真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道。”由此可知答案選B。

5.單選題

Thelate-summerwatersofthenorthernshorewere（

）chillyforthevacationerwhoadoredswimming.

問題1選項

A.seasonally

B.wonderfully

C.disappointingly

D.realistically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。seasonally“周期性地”；wonderfully“精彩地；極好地”；disappointingly“令人失望地”；realistically“現(xiàn)實地；逼真地”。句意：對喜歡游泳的度假者來說，北方海岸夏末的海水令人失望，因為那里很寒冷。由“chilly”可知寒冷的海水并不適合游泳，故C項“令人失望地”符合語境，C項正確。

6.單選題

Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.

3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof

（

）.

問題1選項

A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywant

B.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschool

C.relievingtheteacherfromroutineduties

D.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent

問題2選項

A.notdependonteachers

B.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching

C.placearenewedemphasisonscience

D.notorganizetheirinstruction

問題3選項

A.unknownfactors

B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducation

C.itsmisuse

D.itsnewnessintheschools

問題4選項

A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformation

B.providemanywaysofteachingthesamething

C.makelearningeasyandfun

D.providestudentswithenrollmentexam

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文第三句“Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.所有這些創(chuàng)新的目的是調(diào)整教學(xué)使之更加精確來適應(yīng)每個學(xué)生的需要。”由此可知，作者最關(guān)心的是滿足每個學(xué)生的需求。選項D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.所有可用的教學(xué)資源，包括教師，可以共同努力，為最大限度地有效學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造條件?！庇纱丝赏茰y，選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第七句“Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.他們（學(xué)生）中的許多人討厭技術(shù)，但他們反對的通常是技術(shù)被用作處理大量學(xué)生的手段?！币簿褪钦f，大多數(shù)學(xué)生反對技術(shù)是因為技術(shù)被錯誤的使用，所以選項C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文后半部分“Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.它們（技術(shù)）可以通過各種判斷把信息呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生。它們可以給學(xué)生機(jī)會，以多種方式對事物作出反應(yīng)。總之，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會可以通過使用廣泛的教學(xué)技術(shù)來增加和提高?！庇纱丝芍?，只有選項D沒有提及，所以本題選D。

7.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會等級)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

問題1選項

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

問題2選項

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

問題3選項

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

問題4選項

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

問題5選項

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的運作需要一個階級社會，因為從本質(zhì)上講，它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會，也不發(fā)生在種姓社會。），可知A選項“時尚起源于階級社會”正確，B選項“時尚只存在于群體生活的幾個領(lǐng)域”和C選項“時尚存在于每個社會”錯誤，時尚也不會存在于原始社會，D選項“在原始社會，人們喜歡趕時髦”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級所模仿，反過來，這些階級又被社會結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。），這里指的是社會精英，可知社會精英引領(lǐng)時尚，C選項“社會精英”正確。A選項“哲學(xué)家”，B選項“藝術(shù)家”和D選項“作家”正確。因此C選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是這一特點使時尚成為一種運動，也正是這一特點使得一位作家評論道，一種時尚一旦推出，就注定要滅亡。），可知時尚會消亡，也就不是真實的，D選項“一種時尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確，A選項“時尚是一種真實的運動”和C選項“一種時尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會消失”錯誤。B選項“上層階級在使時尚成為運動中發(fā)揮了一點點作用”：上層階級是推動時尚的主要人群，不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運動，時尚與我們考慮過的其他運動幾乎沒有相似之處。），所以A選項“與其他運動沒有什么共同之處”正確。C選項“有一個強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運動提供有意識的方向），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項“最終會發(fā)展成一個社會組織”和D選項“有一系列符號和價值”文章沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人們自愿參加時尚運動，是對時尚強(qiáng)加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。），可知時尚運動是一種對時尚的回應(yīng)，他們通過時尚運動這種行為表達(dá)了對時尚的態(tài)度，B選項“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項“其功能與特定的社會運動相同”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運動，時尚與我們考慮過的其他運動幾乎沒有相似之處。），可知時尚運動和其他社會運動沒有相同之處。C選項“可以提高參與者的士氣”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他們沒有樹立起士氣。），可知時尚運動不能提高士氣。D選項“對人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

8.單選題

Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The（1）betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople

（2）

andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.

ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"

（3）

tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson

（4）

istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This

（5）

thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可調(diào)和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare

（

6）

misunderstandings.

Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies

（7）

suchcourtesies,butshe

（8

）

andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady

（9）

inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.

（10）

you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare

（11）

ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.

Curiously,ithasneverbeen

（12）

toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling

（13）

:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”

Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)

（14）

codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout

（15）

acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.

問題1選項

A.instinct

B.distinction

C.intuition

D.similarity

問題2選項

A.resume

B.perform

C.assume

D.conduct

問題3選項

A.approach

B.way

C.road

D.means

問題4選項

A.enoughwell

B.enoughgood

C.goodenough

D.wellenough

問題5選項

A.approves

B.denies

C.supports

D.disagrees

問題6選項

A.nomorethan

B.notmorethan

C.abitmorethan

D.muchmorethan

問題7選項

A.dislike

B.appreciate

C.thank

D.approve

問題8選項

A.turnsout

B.turnsup

C.turnsaround

D.looksaround

問題9選項

A.offering

B.offers

C.offered

D.offer

問題10選項

A.Mind

B.Warn

C.Beware

D.Notice

問題11選項

A.doing

B.assuming

C.trying

D.operating

問題12選項

A.harder

B.easier

C.worse

D.better

問題13選項

A.friendly

B.terrible

C.disgusting

D.hostile

問題14選項

A.natural

B.artificial

C.unnatural

D.artistic

問題15選項

A.superficially

B.profoundly

C.commonly

D.individually

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:B

第14題:B

第15題:C

【解析】1.考察名詞詞義辨析。instinct“本能”，distinction“區(qū)別”，intuition“直覺”；similarity“相似”。根據(jù)后面blur（模糊）這個詞可知此處講述的是“美德”與“禮貌”之間的“區(qū)別”已經(jīng)被模糊化，因此選項B符合題意。

2.考察動詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開始，繼續(xù)，恢復(fù)”；perform“執(zhí)行；完成；表演”；assume“假定；設(shè)想”；conduct“組織，實施；表現(xiàn)”。Mostpeople____在此處是個插入語，空格處所在句子的大意是：你需要的只是一顆善良的新，大部分人設(shè)想，剩下的事情會自己解決。選項C符合題意。

3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思，但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均為“做某事的方法”，根據(jù)橫線后是名詞判斷答案是A。

4.考察語法結(jié)構(gòu)。考察enough的用法以及good/well的區(qū)別。good是形容詞，well為副詞。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時，應(yīng)置于其后。根據(jù)前文動詞know，可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個副詞，因此選項D符合題意。

5.考察動詞詞義辨析。approve“批準(zhǔn)；贊成；滿意”；deny“否認(rèn)”；support“支持”，disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人類唯一的問題是溝通問題”（theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem）,后文提到“這些差異都是誤解”（allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding）,說明導(dǎo)致溝通問題的原因只是因為誤解，而不是哲學(xué)、政治、或者宗教這些層面的差異，所以空格處填入“否認(rèn)”這個詞符合題意，選項B符合。

6.考察詞組辨析。nomorethan“僅僅，只是”；notmorethan“不超過，至多”；abitmore“多一點”；muchmorethan“更加，多得多”。根據(jù)前文可知“這些禪意僅僅是因為誤解”，選項A符合題意。

7.考察動詞詞義辨析。dislike“不喜歡”；appreciate“欣賞”；thank“感謝”；approve“批準(zhǔn)，贊成”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠鉃椋杭澥繛榕块_門是因為他的母親告訴他女士___這樣的行為，根據(jù)常識，可知是“欣賞這樣的行為”，選項B符合題意。

8.考察詞組辨析。turnout“證明是，結(jié)果是”;turnup“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；開大”；turnaround“轉(zhuǎn)身”；lookaround“四處看”,根據(jù)并列連詞but可知此句與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，那位女士并沒有欣賞他的行為，而是轉(zhuǎn)身給他一個白眼，選項C符合題意。

9.考察主謂一致。根據(jù)andliegivesher…，可知空格處的謂語動詞也應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為ayounggirl，所以動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，選項B符合題意。

10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口語，意思是“請注意”。選項A符合題意。

11.考察動詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵何ㄒ坏膯栴}是他們在不同的禮儀體系進(jìn)行操作。選項D符合題意。

12.考察上下文邏輯。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently，此處intentionally“故意地”可知此處應(yīng)是與這一句意思相反，因此選項A符合題意。

13.考察形容詞詞義辨析。friendly“友好地”；terrible“糟糕的”；disgusting“令人厭惡的”；hostile“懷有敵意的；敵對的”。根據(jù)前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感覺很糟糕，所以選項B符合題意。

14.考察形容詞詞義辨析。natural“自然的”；artificial“人造的，人為的”；unnatural“不自然的”；artistic“藝術(shù)的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公認(rèn)的語義和語法規(guī)則”可知填artificial表示“人為的”符合文意。

15.考察副詞詞義辨析。superficially“表面地”；profoundly“深刻地”；commonly“一般地”；individually“個別地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠鉃椋核麄兡苁褂靡环N不被大眾接受的語義和語法規(guī)則。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Hewasveryintelligent,buthe（）therequirementforamanager.

問題1選項

A.fellshortof

B.ranshortof

C.ranoutof

D.frozeoutof

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。fellshortof達(dá)不到,缺乏;ranshortof快用完了;ranoutof用完;frozeoutof不是詞組。句意：他很聰明,但達(dá)不到管理職位的要求。選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

Thestormsweepingoverthispartofthecountryissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

問題1選項

A.rarity

B.preliminary

C.inefficiency

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。rarity“罕見，珍貴”；preliminary“初步行動；準(zhǔn)備工作”；inefficiency“效率低；無效率”；invalidity“無效，無價值。”“被暴風(fēng)雨襲擊”與“蔬菜”之間的關(guān)系是前者會造成后者短缺，因此選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”，preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”，andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,andthefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting一alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”一has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightWadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-90sequivalentofdroppingout.

WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.

Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80s,downshiftinginthemid-90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife_growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.

1.Weknowfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting（

）.

3.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby（

）.

4.Theword“it”inthefirstsentenceofparagraphthreerefersto（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof（

）.

問題1選項

A.full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend

B.thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob

C.“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment

D.thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily

問題2選項

A.enableshertorealizeherdream

B.helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife

C.promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus

D.leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine

問題3選項

A.non-materialisticlifestyle

B.abitofeverything.

C.extremestress

D.anti-consumerism

問題4選項

A.stress

B.doctrine

C.thealternativemove

D.downshifting

問題5選項

A.thequickpaceofmodemlife

B.man’sadventurousspirit

C.man’ssearchformythicalexperiences

D.theeconomicsituation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段:Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”(一次平行的調(diào)動傷了我的自尊，并阻礙了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展，這促使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè)，就像顏面掃盡的政府部長那樣，我也掩飾自己的離開，以“我想花更多的時間與家人待在一起”為借口),因此推測作者是“被迫離開”。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,作者說到:我被美國人所說的“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的實驗，把我老掉牙的借口變成了一個絕對的現(xiàn)實。在過去的七年里，琳達(dá)?凱爾西（LindaKelsey）在《她》雜志上宣揚的“擁有一切”哲學(xué)讓我從一個充滿激情的倡導(dǎo)者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闃酚诮邮苋魏螙|西，凡事只要一丁點的女人。因此B項(幫助她塑造一種新的人生哲學(xué))正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段文中提到放棄“juggling

yourlife”的生活哲學(xué)，轉(zhuǎn)而過一種“downshifting”的生活所帶來的回報，比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會地位更有價值。“jugglingyourlife”和“downshifting”相對立。根據(jù)第四段，“downshifting”本文指“過于簡樸、自在的生活”，那么“jugglingone’slife”當(dāng)指“緊張的生活方式”。

4.語義題。It所在句子為:andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus(轉(zhuǎn)而過一種“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的生活所帶來的回報，比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會地位更有價值),故選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是downshifting”的生活方式出現(xiàn)在美國的原因。根據(jù)最后兩段得知,在美國，這種趨勢一開始是對經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落所做出的一種反應(yīng)。

12.單選題

ThisAfricancountryhasbeen（）bycivilwar,famineandfloodfordecades.

問題1選項

A.afflicted

B.conflicted

C.despaired

D.inclined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦惱”；B選項conflict表示“沖突，矛盾；爭執(zhí)；斗爭”；C選項despair表示“絕望，喪失信心”；D選項incline表示“傾向于，有……傾向”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“civilwar,famineandflood（內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、饑荒和洪水）”可知，這個非洲國家一直飽受這些災(zāi)害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項。

13.單選題

AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,（

）nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.

問題1選項

A.littlewoulddisagree

B.fewwoulddisagree

C.littlewouldagree

D.fewwouldagree

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。狀語從句的主語是康德，可知主句應(yīng)為表示“人”的代詞，因此可排除不能指代人的little，即A和C選項。句意：康德認(rèn)為說謊是“人的尊嚴(yán)的喪失”，認(rèn)為反對說謊的規(guī)則是絕對的，但很少有人否認(rèn)誠實這一道德準(zhǔn)則不得不受制于環(huán)境。此處用雙重否定表示肯定。因此B選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Asisknowntoall,avaguelawisalways（）todifferentinterpretations.

問題1選項

A.invulnerable

B.immune

C.resistant

D.susce