考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海震旦職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海震旦職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performances

B.personalities

C.qualities

D.debut

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”，B項(xiàng)personality“人格，個(gè)性”，C項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量”，D項(xiàng)debut“初次登臺(tái)，開張”。句意：他們的反應(yīng)如此不同，反映了他們不同的個(gè)性。根據(jù)句意，該題選B正確。

2.單選題

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（

）beforetheWestwassettled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.did

C.would

D.was

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可知空白處是指代前面的動(dòng)詞have，并且是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項(xiàng)rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項(xiàng)reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項(xiàng)deny表示“否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒有食物可吃，那么我們會(huì)認(rèn)為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項(xiàng)deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Thepresidentialcandidate（）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforced

B.enriched

C.intensified

D.consolidated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)制”，B項(xiàng)enrich“使充實(shí)，使肥沃”，C項(xiàng)intensify“增加，強(qiáng)化”，D項(xiàng)consolidate“鞏固，加強(qiáng)”。根據(jù)后面的hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections（通過(guò)贏得幾次初選而獲得職位）可知，空格部分表示“鞏固”。句意：這位總統(tǒng)候選人通過(guò)贏得幾次初選鞏固了自己的地位。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.obscure費(fèi)解的；難以理解的B.indefinite無(wú)限期的；期限不定的

C.dubious可疑的；不可信的D.intriguing非常有趣的；引人入勝的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：很少有人能聽懂教授的講座，因?yàn)樗闹黝}非常……。根據(jù)句意，由很少有人能夠聽懂可知是因?yàn)榻淌诘闹黝}讓人難以理解。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】很少有人能聽懂這位教授的講座，因?yàn)樗闹黝}非常難懂。

6.單選題

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim歡呼,喝彩,稱贊;attest證明;ratify批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;consider考慮。句意：他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多萬(wàn)人的歡迎,其中大多數(shù)人都受到了真誠(chéng)的鼓舞。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Bangladeshicommunitiesthatarealreadybeingpoisonedbyarsenic-tainted（含砷）groundwaterarefacinganappallingnewthreat.Theirriceandvegetablesarealsolacedwithhighlevelofarsenic.

Thehealtheffectsofeatingsuchtaintedfoodarenotyetknown,buttheramifications（門類）couldbeenormous.TheWHOsayscontaminateddrinkingwateralonecouldkill270,080Bangladeshisoverthenextdecade.

Inaterribleirony,arsenicenteredtheBangladeshiwatersupplywhenUNICEFandotherinternationalagenciessankmillionsoftubeveilstoprovidecleandrinkingwater.ButthewellstappedintogroundwatercontaminatedbyarsenicfromsedimentarydepositsdeepbelowBangladesh.Todealwiththeproblem,UNICEFandtheWorldBankhavebeentestingwaterfromwellsandmarkingthemsafeordangerous—butthattestingprogramhasbeenfoundtobeflawed.

Tomakemattersworse,waterfromthewellsisalsousedtoirrigatepaddy（水稻）fields.However,untilnowitwasn’tknownwhetherornotthericewasaccumulating-arsenic.TestsonricesamplesfromaroundBangladeshhadfoundthatarseniclevelsdidindeedvaryaccordingtothestrengthoflocalarseniccontaminationinthesoilandgroundwater.

Arseniclevelsindifferentvarietiesofricerangedfromabout0.05to1.8partspermillion.InEuropeandtheUS,levelsarearound0.05partspermillion.TheWHOrecommendsamaximumlevelof0.01partspermillionindrinkingwater—buttherefore,noguidelinesforlevelsinfoods.

RaviNaiduatCSIROinAdelaideandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingtheuptakeofarsenicfromthesoilbyBangladeshicrops.

Theirdatashowsthatarum,apopularvegetableshasarseniclevelsofnearly150partspermillion.Itisusuallygrowninwetzonesadjacenttothetubewells.Butsomevegetablessuchasspinachandbeansarerelativelyfreefromarsenic.ThericegrainsstudiedbyNaidu’steamhadarseniclevelsthatrangedfromundetectabletoover1.6partspermillion.Theircalculationshowthatnearly30percentofthetotalarsenicintakeforpeopleinBangladeshmaybecomingfromtheirfood.

Ifthebodycanabsorbarsenicfromfood—andthisisyettobeproven—thenmerelytacklingdrinkingwatercontaminationwillnotbeenough.ResearchersfearthatpaddyfieldswillcontinuetobeirrigatedfrompoisonedtubewellsbecauseBangladeshdoesnothaveenougharsenic-freewaterforagriculture.

1.Thecentralideaofthepassageisabout（

）.

2.FromthepassagewelearnthatwatercontaminationofBangladeshwascausedby（

）.

3.ThepassageimpliesthatthearsenicindrinkingwaterinEuropeandtheUSis（

）.

4.Inordertoreducearsenicintake,theBangladeshisshouldavoideating（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecontaminationofwaterandcropsinBangladesh

B.howtocultivatericefreeofarsenic

C.theseriousconsequencesofarsenicintake

D.howtosolvethewatershortageproblemsinBangladesh

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.miningthesedimentarydepositsunderBangladesh

B.thehelpfromUNICEFandotherinternationalagencies

C.refiningthearsenicfromgroundwater

D.riverwaterthatflowintothetubewells

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.around1.8partspermillion

B.around0.05partspermillion

C.over0.5partspermillion

D.lessthan0.01partspermillion

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arum

B.spinach

C.beans

D.rice

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wateraccountsfor70%ofthearsenicintakefortheBangladeshis.

B.Researchersdoubtthatthebodycanabsorbarsenicfromfood.

C.PeopleinBangladeshwillsoonbefreeofarsenicintake.

D.CropsinBangladeshwillcontinuetobeirrigatedfrompoisonedtubewells.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，第一段為本文的中心思想。孟加拉國(guó)的水資源和農(nóng)作物中都含有高濃度的砷，即受到了污染，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Inaterribleirony,arsenicenteredtheBangladeshiwatersupplywhenUNICEFandotherinternationalagenciessankmillionsoftubeveilstoprovidecleandrinkingwater.”特別諷刺的是，當(dāng)聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)和其他國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)為提供清潔飲用水而埋設(shè)數(shù)百萬(wàn)管狀面紗時(shí)，砷進(jìn)入了孟加拉國(guó)的供水系統(tǒng)。由此使得孟加拉國(guó)的供水受到了污染，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，不同品種水稻的砷含量在0.05~1.8ppm之間，在歐洲和美國(guó)，含量約為0.05%。而根據(jù)上文提到的，水稻中砷的含量會(huì)根據(jù)土壤和地下水中砷污染的強(qiáng)度而變化，歐洲和美國(guó)的水稻砷含量為最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，說(shuō)明其飲用水中砷的含量也不超過(guò)世界衛(wèi)生組織建議的最高含量百萬(wàn)分之0.01。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，廣受歡迎的海芋砷含量接近百萬(wàn)分之150，而菠菜和大豆相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)不含砷，米粒的砷含量也沒有超過(guò)百萬(wàn)分之1.6。所以孟加拉人應(yīng)該避免吃海芋。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“ResearchersfearthatpaddyfieldswillcontinuetobeirrigatedfrompoisonedtubewellsbecauseBangladeshdoesnothaveenougharsenic-freewaterforagriculture.”由于孟加拉國(guó)沒有足夠的無(wú)砷農(nóng)業(yè)用水，稻田將繼續(xù)從有毒的管井中灌溉。所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreventFoodSpoilage

D.FoodPreservation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.certainbacteria

B.toxins

C.outwardsigns

D.somekindsofbacterialofspoilage

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.harmfultohumanbeings

B.beneficialtoalllivingthings

C.uselesstohumanbeings

D.foundinalllivingthings

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.canningandbottling

B.freezinganddrying

C.usingradiationandantibiotics

D.pasteurizationandcooking

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文,這里是用來(lái)形容梨“sleepy”,首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D。根據(jù)下文的描述,這是食物變質(zhì)的兩個(gè)例子,所以“sleepy”指的是梨子變壞,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤,食物變質(zhì)是內(nèi)部的化學(xué)變化而不是外部；選項(xiàng)B是原文內(nèi)容,不同推導(dǎo)出來(lái),所以不正確；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有提及；選D食物外面的微生物是食物變質(zhì)的原因,與原文相符,所以正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.”它們把糖變成酒精,酒精又變成酸,從而導(dǎo)致食物變酸。霉菌就容易在潮濕的食物上生長(zhǎng)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.”可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。

4.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,本文首先提出食物變質(zhì)并分析原因,最后有提及關(guān)于食物保存的方法,所以選項(xiàng)D最能概括全文主旨。

5.根據(jù)原文句意：某些細(xì)菌會(huì)產(chǎn)生毒素,導(dǎo)致食物中毒。最糟糕的是,即使在沒有明顯腐爛跡象的地方,它們也可能存在。由此可知,“they”指代的是細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的毒素,即使是沒有明顯腐爛跡象的地方也是存在的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.”可知,選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)A,B,C均有提及,只有選項(xiàng)D沒有提及,所以本題選D。

9.單選題

Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas（

）peopleheowedmoneyto.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attheexpenseof

B.attheriskof

C.inthewayof

D.atthemercyof

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。attheexpenseof“以……為代價(jià)”；attheriskof“冒著……的危險(xiǎn)”；inthewayof“妨礙，關(guān)于……的方面”；atthemercyof“受……支配”。句意：很明顯，這個(gè)小雜貨商受他債主的支配。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intears

B.invain

C.inturn

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)intears“流著淚”；B選項(xiàng)invain“無(wú)效”；C選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流；依次；反過(guò)來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)inall“總共，合計(jì)”。句意：醫(yī)生的所有努力都是______，病人很快就死了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，醫(yī)生的努力沒有成功救回病人，invain“無(wú)效”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.

Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Jr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.”Infact,thereisgrowingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy,”saysDr.Laragh.“saltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed______.

2.Dr.Dustan’sstudyindicates______.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat______.

4.Whatdoes“moderationinsaltconsumption”mostprobablyrefersto?

5.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.posesasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth

B.curesdiseasessuchasheartproblemandcirculatorydisorders

C.correlatestosomediseases

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaydosomegoodtopeople’shealth

B.theamountofsaltintakedoesnotmakemuchdifferencetoone’sbloodpressure

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient

D.anextremelylow-saltdietresultsinalowbloodpressure

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldtakeexcessivesalt

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeople

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anexcessiveconsumptionofsalt.

B.Low-saltconsumption.

C.BothAandB.

D.NeitherAorB.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thecauseofhypertensionisnowunderstood.

C.Themoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Saltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”（近年來(lái)，醫(yī)生們對(duì)食鹽的攻擊不斷：不管你的健康如何，食鹽對(duì)你都有害。政客們也加入了進(jìn)來(lái)。美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員尼爾?史密斯指出：“一個(gè)人攝入的鈉含量與心臟病、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病、中風(fēng)甚至早逝之間有直接關(guān)系。），說(shuō)明醫(yī)生和政客認(rèn)為食鹽的攝入量與某些疾病的發(fā)生息息相關(guān)。因此C選項(xiàng)“與一些疾病有關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)健康狀況不佳的人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)加重的因素”在文章沒有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“可以治療諸如心臟問(wèn)題和循環(huán)系統(tǒng)紊亂等疾病”，由原文可知，食鹽會(huì)加重這些疾病，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“與患有心臟病的人沒有關(guān)系”與原文的表述相反，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.（低鹽飲食組中有一半的人血壓確實(shí)下降了，當(dāng)重新攝入鹽時(shí)，血壓又回到了之前的水平。），說(shuō)明達(dá)斯頓博士的研究表明低鹽飲食會(huì)使血壓下降，回歸正常的血壓，對(duì)健康有好處。因此A選項(xiàng)“低鹽飲食可能對(duì)人們的健康有好處”正確。B選項(xiàng)“鹽的攝入量對(duì)人的血壓沒有什么影響”與原文的表述相反，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“減少鹽的攝入可以治愈高血壓患者”，D選項(xiàng)“低鹽飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致低血壓的出現(xiàn)”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.（所以建議所有人都避免吃鹽是沒有意義的。），說(shuō)明拉勒夫博士認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該建議所有人都避免吃鹽。因此B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生不應(yīng)該建議人們避免吃鹽”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該攝入過(guò)多的鹽”，C選項(xiàng)“建議人們攝入足夠的到過(guò)量的鹽”，D選項(xiàng)“攝入過(guò)量的鹽在普通人群中已經(jīng)造成了一些傷害”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“moderationinsaltconsumption”可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.（醫(yī)學(xué)專家一致認(rèn)為，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該合理“節(jié)制”鹽的攝入。對(duì)于一般人來(lái)說(shuō)，適量的量可能是每天4到10克，或大約1/2到1/3茶匙。），說(shuō)明“moderationinsaltconsumption”在文中是指“合理攝入食鹽”的意思。A選項(xiàng)“過(guò)量攝入食鹽”，B選項(xiàng)“低量攝入食鹽”，C選項(xiàng)“A和B都是”均不符合原文，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)“A和B都不是”正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要討論了食鹽攝入量與人體健康的關(guān)系。通過(guò)人們對(duì)于鹽的恐慌引出相關(guān)話題，最后表明除非醫(yī)生告知你有與攝取鹽分相關(guān)的健康問(wèn)題，否則沒有理由不攝取食鹽，由此可知食鹽恐慌是不合理的。因此A選項(xiàng)“食鹽恐慌是沒有道理的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“高血壓的原因現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被了解”，C選項(xiàng)“建議適度食鹽”，D選項(xiàng)“要促進(jìn)食鹽攝入”都是文章的某一部分，不能全面地概括文章主旨，食鹽B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.

2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.

3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime

B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel

D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.managementefficiency

B.biomasslevel

C.catch-sizelimits

D.technologicalapplication

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans（現(xiàn)在類似的事情可能正在海洋中發(fā)生），由此推斷，文中提到史前動(dòng)物的滅絕是暗示海洋生物也會(huì)面臨同樣的問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)“大型動(dòng)物很容易受到環(huán)境的影響”，B項(xiàng)“小物種幸存下來(lái)而大物種消失了”和D項(xiàng)“生長(zhǎng)緩慢的魚比生長(zhǎng)迅速的魚更長(zhǎng)壽”都不是大型動(dòng)物滅絕暗示的現(xiàn)象，所以該題C項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“我們從Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的論文中可以推測(cè)出什么？”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen（根據(jù)他們?cè)凇蹲匀弧冯s志上發(fā)表的最新論文，在新漁場(chǎng)開始捕撈的15年內(nèi)，大型捕食動(dòng)物（殺死并吃掉其他動(dòng)物的動(dòng)物）的生物量平均減少了80%。在一些長(zhǎng)期捕魚的地區(qū)，從那時(shí)起，它又減少了一半），由此推斷，文中提到大型捕食動(dòng)物平均減少80%，所以可以推測(cè)出在一些老的漁場(chǎng)，已經(jīng)減少了90%。B項(xiàng)“這里的漁場(chǎng)數(shù)量只有15年前的一半”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中沒有漁場(chǎng)數(shù)量15年之間的對(duì)比；C項(xiàng)“新漁場(chǎng)的漁獲量只有原來(lái)的20%”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，是指平均下降80%，沒有說(shuō)就只有20%，該說(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)；D項(xiàng)“新漁場(chǎng)的大型捕食者的數(shù)量比舊漁場(chǎng)下降得更快”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，應(yīng)該是舊漁場(chǎng)下降得更快。所以該題A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“通過(guò)說(shuō)這些數(shù)字是保守的（第三段第一行），Worm博士的意思是？”。根據(jù)本題直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes（這意味著更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕撈，所以現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去之間的真正差異可能比捕撈規(guī)模變化所記錄的更糟糕），由此可知因?yàn)榭萍嫉倪M(jìn)步給捕魚帶來(lái)的巨大的方便，但是這些數(shù)字是保守估計(jì)是因?yàn)楹Ｑ笊镌馐芰烁蟮钠茐?。A項(xiàng)“捕魚技術(shù)進(jìn)步很快”是給捕魚帶來(lái)了方便，但不符合本題題意；B項(xiàng)“捕魚量實(shí)際上比記錄的要小”該說(shuō)法沒有原文依據(jù)，原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破壞；D項(xiàng)“到目前為止收集到的日期已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了”與本題無(wú)關(guān)。所以該題C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“邁爾斯博士和其他研究人員認(rèn)為？”。根據(jù)本題關(guān)鍵詞“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount（邁爾斯和沃姆博士認(rèn)為，他們的工作給出了一個(gè)正確的基線，未來(lái)的管理工作必須加以考慮），由此可知應(yīng)該要調(diào)整捕魚的基線來(lái)改變當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)。A項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該尋找一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期不起作用的基準(zhǔn)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，是要尋找一個(gè)有效的基線；B項(xiàng)“漁業(yè)應(yīng)將產(chǎn)量保持在生物量的50%以下”，該說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是保持在50%，而不是50%之下；C項(xiàng)“海洋生物量應(yīng)該恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的水平”說(shuō)法不全面，是要恢復(fù)到原始水平的50%。所以該題D項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者似乎主要關(guān)注大多數(shù)漁業(yè)的什么？”。A項(xiàng)“管理效率”；B項(xiàng)“生物量水平”；C項(xiàng)“捕獲的大小限制”；D項(xiàng)“技術(shù)應(yīng)用”。整篇文章都是圍繞海洋生物的量展開的，而且文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了“biomass”，所以可知，作者大多關(guān)注海洋生物總量的變化。所以該題B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atwhich

B.forwhich

C.onwhich

D.inwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，介詞要與先行詞搭配。題干中先行詞是thespeed，只有at可以搭配。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，出生的季節(jié)會(huì)極大地影響生物鐘的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

（）youpromiseyouwillworkhard,（）supportyoutocollege.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifonly...willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif...willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill、

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。觀察第一空的選項(xiàng)，ifonly“只要；但愿”后面一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；onlyif“只有”后用倒裝。再綜合題干可判定此題使用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)areinfectiousto“有傳染性”；B選項(xiàng)areaccessibleto“都可以訪問(wèn)”；C選項(xiàng)aredisposedof“正在處理”；D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意：醫(yī)生有興趣使用激光作為手術(shù)工具，對(duì)那些容易心臟病發(fā)作的人進(jìn)行手術(shù)。根據(jù)此處關(guān)鍵詞heartattack（心臟?。┛膳懦鼳選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)不符合句意也可排除，D選項(xiàng)aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishontheAnswerSheet.

時(shí)下，在北京的圖書館、博物館甚至?xí)昀?，?jīng)常有一些大大小小不同類型的文化講座，這些講座，小而言之，只是一次次知識(shí)的宣講，大而言之，則是先進(jìn)文化的傳播。在這方面，中國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)館組織的周末義務(wù)講座無(wú)疑是開風(fēng)氣之先、具有示范作用的。這里一時(shí)間竟出現(xiàn)了作家學(xué)者主動(dòng)報(bào)名講演，聽者以能占有一席之地為榮的局面，可以相信，越來(lái)越多的人自覺進(jìn)入求學(xué)殿堂，將大大促進(jìn)我國(guó)國(guó)民素質(zhì)的提升。

【答案】Nowadays,fromlibrariesandmuseumsinBeijingtobookstores,thereareoftenculturallecturesondifferentscalesandvariedsizes.Theselectures,inpracticalterms,arerepeatedknowledgeimpartations.Intheoreticalterms,they’rethedisseminationofadvancedculture.Inthisregard,theweekendlecturesorganizedbytheMuseumofModernChineseLiteratureareundoubtedlypioneeringandexemplary.Here,manywritersandscholarsvolunteertobeenteredforopportunitiestogivelectureswhiletheaudienceishonoredwhengivenaseat.Itcanbebelievedthatmoreandmorepeopleconsciouslyintotheeducationalprograms,whichwillgreatlypromotethenationalqualityofourcitizens.

17.單選題

Youngdriversunder25have

thehighestnumberofaccidentswhilethoseover50have（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theless

B.theleast

C.thefewer

D.thefewest

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)前面的thehighestnumber可知填空處也應(yīng)該填入最高級(jí),

首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C。填空處選項(xiàng)實(shí)際上省略了number這個(gè)詞,

如果是few的話,

后面應(yīng)該是接numbers,

所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：25歲以下的年輕司機(jī)出事幾率最高,而50歲以上的老司機(jī)出事幾率則最低。

18.單選題

Aviolentcrimewas______every32secondsinthiscitylastyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conducted

B.performed

C.committed

D.executed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conduct“引導(dǎo)，實(shí)施”，B項(xiàng)perform“執(zhí)行，演奏”，C項(xiàng)commit“犯罪，使……承擔(dān)義務(wù)”，D項(xiàng)execute“實(shí)行，執(zhí)行”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞violentcrime“暴力分子”可知，C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：去年這個(gè)城市每32秒就發(fā)生一起暴力犯罪。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheEditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.copy

B.issue

C.magazine

D.printing

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)copy“抄送，副本”；B選項(xiàng)issue“問(wèn)題，期號(hào)”；C選項(xiàng)magazine“雜志”；D選項(xiàng)printing“印刷”。句意：我非常高興在貴刊二月的一期中讀到了約翰遜教授寫給編輯的信。這里指的是某雜志二月份的那一期，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

Immigrationofficialshavetobeverycarefulindecidingwhetherto（）alloronlysomeofthoseillegalimmigrants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissolve

B.deport

C.distract

D.detect

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissolve“解散，使溶解”，B選項(xiàng)deport，“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”，C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)移，分散”，D選項(xiàng)d