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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

問題1選項

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】hastens加速,催促;releases釋放,放松;devises設(shè)計,想出;initiates發(fā)起,開始。句意:如果一只貓離知更鳥的巢太近,它就會采取一系列行動來保護(hù)它的后代。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

問題1選項

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

問題2選項

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

問題3選項

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:本文說到的是說話人成為PA的經(jīng)歷,因此C選項“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正確。

第2題:說話者說到了成為醫(yī)生助理的原因:IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit(我更多地關(guān)注了PA路線,因為我真的很感興趣)。因此B選項正確。

第3題:文中說到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave(我還需要學(xué)習(xí)一些學(xué)科,比如有機(jī)化學(xué)和解剖學(xué),還有一些我沒有學(xué)過的東西)”,對比信息,可知B選項正確。

3.單選題

Hehasimpressedhisemployersconsiderablyand()heissoontobepromoted.

問題1選項

A.nevertheless

B.accordingly

C.yet

D.eventually

【答案】B

【解析】考查邏輯連詞。A選項nevertheless“然而,不過”;B選項accordingly“因此,于是,相應(yīng)地”;C選項yet“然而”;D選項eventually“最終”。根據(jù)句意“他給雇主留下了非常深刻的印象,因此他很快就會得到晉升”。這里是表示遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系,所以選項B正確。

4.單選題

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe()inthegame.

問題1選項

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建議時用虛擬語氣,用should+動詞原形,should可省略,所以選項C正確。

5.單選題

()itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches,Hawaiiisafineplacetoliveinortovisit.

問題1選項

A.As

B.For

C.From

D.With

【答案】D

【解析】空格后面的“itshotsunandbeautifulbeaches”是一個名詞短語,因此不能用連詞,連詞是用于句子與句子之間的連接的,所以這里應(yīng)用介詞with,意為“憑借”。選項D正確。

6.翻譯題

Theexpresswayisnotonlyabridgeleadingacountryintomodernization,butalsoanessentialconditionforthedevelopmentofmoderntransportation.Inrecentyears,China’sexpresswayshaveexperiencedaflourishingdevelopment,withatotalmileageof96,000kilometersby2012,rankingthesecondintheworld.Thetotalmileagewillreach108,000kilometersaftertheconstructionofthenationalexpresswaynetworkiscompleted.Bythen,over90%ofthecitieswithanurbanpopulationofmorethan200,000willhavebeencovered.Expresswayscreatenewdevelopmentopportunitiesandspaceforroadtransportation,addingvitalitytotheeconomictake-offalongtheway.Nowadays,ithasbecomeoneofthemostimportantfactorsindrivingthedomesticdemandandfuellingtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy.

【答案】高速公路是一個國家走向現(xiàn)代化的橋梁,也是發(fā)展現(xiàn)代交通業(yè)的必要條件。近幾年,中國高速公路蓬勃發(fā)展,截止到2012年,中國高速公路的總里程已經(jīng)達(dá)到9.6萬公里,位居世界第二。國家高速公路網(wǎng)建成后,通車?yán)锍虒⑦_(dá)10.8萬公里,屆時將覆蓋超過90%的擁有20萬以上城鎮(zhèn)人口的城市。高速公路為道路運(yùn)輸創(chuàng)造了新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇和空間,也為沿線的經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛增添了活力?,F(xiàn)在,它已成為拉動內(nèi)需、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的重要因素之一。

7.單選題

Theelegantdecorations()thegymintoastarlitballroom.

問題1選項

A.transplanted

B.transferred

C.transcended

D.transformed

【答案】D

【解析】transplant移植,遷移;transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓,移交;transcend勝過,超越;transform改變,轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:優(yōu)雅的裝飾把體育館變成了星光燦爛的舞廳。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehaveinthesameway.Thespecificbehaviordependsonthechild’sindividualpersonality,characteristics,ageatthetimeofdivorce,andgender.Intermsofpersonality,whencomparedtothoseratedasrelaxedandeasy-going,childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.Stress,suchasthatfoundindisruptedfamilies,seemstoimpairtheabilityoftemperamentalchildrentoadapttotheirsurroundings,thegreatertheamountofstress,thelesswelltheyadapt.Incontrast,amoderateamountofstressmayactuallyhelpaneasy-going,relaxedchildlearntocopewithadversity.

Thereissomerelationshipbetweenageandchildren’scharacteristicreactiontodivorce.Asthechildgrowsolder,thegreateristhelikelihoodofafreeexpressionofavarietyofcomplexfeelings,anunderstandingofthosefeelings,andarealizationthatthedecisiontodivorcecannotbedistributedtoanyonesimplecause.Self-blamevirtuallydisappearsaftertheageof6,fearofabandonmentdiminishesaftertheageof8,andtheconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.

Genderofthechildisalsoafactorthatpredictsthenatureofreactiontodivorce.Theimpactofdivorceisinitiallygreateronboysthanongirls.Theyaremoreaggressive,lesscompliant,havegreaterdifficultiesininterpersonalrelationships,andexhibitproblembehaviorsbothathomeandatschool.Furthermore,theadjustmentproblemsofboysarestillnoticeableeventwoyearsafterthedivorce.Girls’adjustmentproblemsareusuallyinternalizedratherthanactedout,andareoftenresolvedbythesecondyearafterthedivorce.However,newproblemsmaysurfaceforgirlsastheyenteradolescenceandadulthood.Howcantherelativelygreaterimpactofdivorceonboysthanongirlsbeexplained?Thegreatermaleaggressionandnoncompliancemayreflectthefactthatsuchbehaviorsaretoleratedandevenencouragedinmalesinourculturemorethantheyareinfemales.Furthermore,boysmayhaveaparticularneedforastrongmalemodelofself-control,aswellasforastrongdisciplinarianparent.Finally,boysaremorelikelytobeexposedtotheirparents’fightsthangirlsare,andafterthebreakup,boysarelesslikelythangirlstoreceivesympathyandsupportfrommothers,teachers,orpeers.

1.Itishardfortemperamental,irritablekidstoadapttoparentaldivorcebecause().

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT().

3.Whydoesparentaldivorcehavegreatereffectsonboysthanongirlsaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconveytothereaders?

問題1選項

A.theyaretoomuchdisruptedbythelifechange

B.thefamilybreakupmakesthemfeelverysensitive

C.thegreatstressoftheirfamiliesdiminishestheirability

D.theyencountermoreparents’fightsthantheeasy-goingchildren

問題2選項

A.asix-year-oldboymayfeelbeingdesertedbyhisparents

B.divorceisusuallycausedbymorethanonereason

C.ayounggirlmayfeelmoreshamefulonparentaldivorcethananolderboy

D.asthekidsgrowolder,theyhaveabetterunderstandingofdivorce

問題3選項

A.Becauseallculturestoleratemaleaggressionandnoncompliance.

B.Becauseboysarebasicallymoreself-disciplinedthangirls.

C.Becausemalesareusuallyviewedasthemodelsinself-control.

D.Becauseboysarealwaysinvolvedintheirparents’fights.

問題4選項

A.Kidsofdifferentagesbehavedifferentlyfacingparentaldivorce.

B.Theimpactofdivorceonkidsvariesinpersonality,ageandgender.

C.Boysmaybecomemoreaggressivethangirlsindisruptedfamilies.

D.Parentaldivorcehasanegativeeffectonchildrenallthroughtheirlives.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“...childrendescribedastemperamentalandirritablehavemoredifficultycopingwithparentaldivorce,asindeedtheyhavemoredifficultyadaptingtolifechangeingeneral.”喜怒無常和易怒的孩子更難以面對父母離異,因為他們確實(shí)更難以適應(yīng)生活的變化。選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“theconfusionandfearoftheyoungchildisreplacedintheolderchildbyshame,anger,andself-reflection.”年幼孩子的困惑和恐懼被年長孩子的羞愧、憤怒和自我反省所取代。選項C正好與之相反,所以不正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,父母離異對男孩的影響比女孩大是因為在我們的文化中,容忍和鼓勵男性具有攻擊性和桀驁不馴,選項A中的“allcultures”表述不正確;此外,男孩可能特別需要樹立一個強(qiáng)大的自律的男性形象,也需要父母嚴(yán)格自律;最后,男孩比女孩更容易受到父母爭吵的影響,而在父母離異后,男孩比女孩更不容易得到母親、老師或同齡人的同情和支持。選項B在文中沒有提及;選項D不符合原文,只有選項C符合原文,所以本題選C。

4.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,首段一二句為本文的主旨句,所有經(jīng)歷過父母離異的孩子會有不同的行為方式,具體的行為取決于孩子的個性、特征、父母離異時的年齡和性別。選項B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

9.單選題

Aboutoneandahalfmillionyearsagotheclimateoftheworldbecamemuchcolder.ThisledtothecapsoficearoundtheNorthandSouth[A]Polesspreadingtocover[B]muchNorthAmericaandNorthernEurope.Suchperiodsofcoldclimatearecallediceages.Thewoollymammothlivedinnorthernpartsoftheworld[C]between300,000and100,000yearsago.ItwasafavouritepreyofStoneAgehunters,[D]whouseditscoatforclothes,andthemeatasfood.

問題1選項

A.Poles

B.much

C.between

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞用法。B選項much不能直接修飾地名,應(yīng)改為muchof。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施掃清“黃毒”,依法處理相關(guān)違法人員。

勞教制度廢止后,未觸犯刑法的違法者,將由社區(qū)采取措施進(jìn)行矯正。

醉酒駕駛機(jī)動車的行為,要追究法律責(zé)任。

中國漁政船頻繁開赴釣魚島,維護(hù)國家的合法權(quán)益。

打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪,保護(hù)人民生命和財產(chǎn)安全。

依法行政是實(shí)現(xiàn)“中國夢”的根本性制度保障。

【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.

Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.

Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.

ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.

Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.

Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".

11.翻譯題

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分,我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類,從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書,要求小說必須真實(shí),要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu),要求傳記諂媚,要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見,將會是一個好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者,而是要去理解他,成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外,并且從一開始就批判他,你就無法從書中獲得最大的價值。但是如果你敞開心扉,那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來,把你帶到一個獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研,你很快會發(fā)現(xiàn),作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

12.單選題

Itisfortunatewhenayoungman’scareergoalsandthewishesofhisparentsforhim().

問題1選項

A.coincide

B.supervise

C.collaborate

D.collide

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項coincide“一致,符合;同時發(fā)生”;B選項supervise“監(jiān)督,管理;指導(dǎo)”;C選項collaborate“合作;勾結(jié),通敵”;D選項collide“碰撞;抵觸,沖突”。句意:當(dāng)一個年輕人的職業(yè)目標(biāo)和他父母對他的希望一致時,那是幸運(yùn)的。結(jié)合句意,故A選項正確。

13.單選題

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis(

).

問題1選項

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。A選項grant“(尤指正式地或法律上)同意,準(zhǔn)予”;B選項imply“暗示,說明”;C選項exaggerate“夸張,夸大”;D選項remedy“糾正,改進(jìn)”。根據(jù)前一句句意“大部分廣播機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為,對電視的職責(zé)是不公平的”,確定and后面的句意應(yīng)是“并且表示媒介的力量被夸大”。所以C選項正確。

14.單選題

Thetraditionalappealoftheincometaxhascomefromitswideacceptanceasafairtax,closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay.Formanyyearstheincometaxprovidedlargefederalincomewithoutimposingheavyburdensonthegreatmajorityofpeople.Bythemid-20thcentury,however,seriouscriticismsoftaxloopholeswereheard;concertedattemptsatreformresultedonlyinamorecomplexanderodedtaxbase.Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s,asrisinginflationpushedpeopleintohighertaxbracketsalthoughtheirincomewerebarelykeepingpacewithrisingprices.Thispressurefurthererodedpublicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax;atthesametimeitcreatedstrongincentivestoutilizetaxsheltersandotherloopholes,aswellastoconcealoff-the-recordincome.Built-ininflationadjustmentswereadopted,firstbyanumberofstatesandthenin1985bythefederalgovernment.

Incometaxpolicyisinevitablycontroversialbecauseitrestsessentiallyonjudgmentsthatmustbeconstantlyreconsideredassocialvalueschange.Thecomplextaskofworkingoutthemanyreductionsandexclusionstobeallowedfromincomebecausetheyeithermakeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayersorpromoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)isboneofthemostdifficultandpoliticallysensitiveproblemsfacedbygovernments.

Anothermajorareaofdisputeiswhetherwagesandsalariesshouldbetaxedthesamewayasbusinessprofitsorinvestmentincome.WhilesomecountriesandafewU.S.statesexplicitlyapplyseparatesetsofrulestothemeasurementofdifferentkindsoftaxableincome,others,likemostU.S.stategovernments,seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway.Evenso,dissimilaritiesinevitablyarise.Somecostsofearningincomearemorereadilydeductedfrombusinessandself-employmentearningsthantheyarefromwagesandsalaries.Inflation,byerodingthevalueofcapital,distortsthemeasurementofincomefromthatsource.Complexadjustmentstothetaxlawscouldinprincipleeliminatetheseimbalances,butmostcountrieshavepreferredsimpler,morearbitrarysolutions.

1.Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.

2.Inthe1970s,____.

3.In1985,____.

4.Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?

5.ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.

問題1選項

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfare

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxes

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayit

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefits

問題2選項

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometax

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometax

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxshelters

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’control

問題3選項

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicy

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreduced

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflation

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoor

問題4選項

A.Off-the-recordincome.

B.Self-employmentearnings.

C.Businessearnings.

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.

問題5選項

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincome

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearnings

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferently

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Mostpeopleacceptincometaxasafairtaxsince____.大部分人都認(rèn)為所得稅是“公平的稅”,因為____。

A.everyindividualenjoyspublicwelfareA.每個人都享有公共福利

B.everycitizenofacountryhasthedutytopaytaxesB.每個國家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)

C.itiswithintheircapabilitytopayitC.在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)

D.itiscloselyrelatedtotheindividual’sbenefitsD.它與個人的利益密切相關(guān)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞afairtax定位到原文第一段第一句,該句提到“所得稅的傳統(tǒng)吸引力來自于它被廣泛接受為一種公平稅收(asafairtax),這與個人支付能力密切相關(guān)(closelyrelatedtoanindividual’sabilitytopay)。”由此可知,個人所得稅之所以被認(rèn)為是一種公平的稅,與個人的支付能力相關(guān)。由此推斷,所得稅在個人的支付能力范圍之內(nèi),所以人們認(rèn)為它是公平的,C選項“在他們的支付能力范圍內(nèi)”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“每個人都享有公共福利”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“每個國家的公民都有納稅的義務(wù)”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“它與個人的利益密切相關(guān)”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Inthe1970s,____.在二十世紀(jì)七十年代,____。

A.manypeoplecalledforthecancellationofincometaxA.許多人呼吁取消所得稅

B.manypeoplequestionedthefairnessofincometaxB.許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性

C.inflationcausedmanypeopleunabletousetaxsheltersC.通貨膨脹使許多人無法使用避稅手段

D.inflationrosebeyondthegovernments’controlD.通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inthe1970s定位到原文第一段第四句,該句提到“這種情況在20世紀(jì)70年代惡化(Thesituationworsenedinthe1970s),因為不斷上升的通貨膨脹迫使人們繳納更高的稅級,盡管他們的收入幾乎跟不上物價上漲的步伐?!鼻耙痪涮岬健暗搅?0世紀(jì)中期,出現(xiàn)了對稅收漏洞的嚴(yán)厲批評”,由此推斷,“這種情況”指的是“對稅收的嚴(yán)厲批評”。后文提到“這種壓力進(jìn)一步削弱了公眾對所得稅公平性的信心(publicconfidenceinthefairnessoftheincometax)”,由此推斷,20世紀(jì)70年代,由于通貨膨脹,公眾對稅收漏洞批評的聲音越來越大,并且進(jìn)一步失去了對所得稅公平性的信心,因此B選項“許多人質(zhì)疑所得稅的公平性”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“許多人呼吁取消所得稅”,原文雖然提到公眾對稅收公平性逐漸失去信心,但是沒有提到要取消所得稅,該選項屬于過度推理;

C選項“通貨膨脹使許多人無法使用避稅手段”,可定位到原文第一段第五句,該句提到“它(通貨膨脹的壓力)也產(chǎn)生了利用避稅(taxshelters)和其他漏洞以及隱瞞非記錄收入的強(qiáng)烈動機(jī)?!庇纱丝芍?,通貨膨脹正是人們采取避稅手段的誘因,該選項不符合原文,屬于反向干擾;

D選項“通貨膨脹超出了政府的控制”,可定位到原文第一段最后一句,該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施,起初被幾個州采用,然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?!庇纱丝芍?,政府在制定所得稅政策時,針對通貨膨脹,采取了一些調(diào)整措施,但沒有證據(jù)表明通貨膨脹是否超出了政府的控制,該選項屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

In1985,____.在1985年,____。

A.inflationwastakenintoaccountinthefederalgovernment’sincometaxpolicyA.聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹

B.inflationratewasbroughtundercontrolandincometaxratewasreducedB.通貨膨脹率得到控制,所得稅稅率降低

C.anumberofstatesmadetheirownlawagainsttherisinginflationC.許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹

D.thefederalgovernmentadoptedhighertaxbracketstohelpthepoorD.聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級來幫助窮人

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞In1985定位到原文第一段最后一句,該句提到“內(nèi)置通貨膨脹調(diào)整措施(Built-ininflationadjustments),起初被幾個州采用,然后在1985年被聯(lián)邦政府采用?!庇纱丝芍谥贫ㄋ枚愓邥r,針對通貨膨脹,采取了一些調(diào)整措施,聯(lián)邦政府在1985年也采取了這些調(diào)整措施。因此,A選項“聯(lián)邦政府的所得稅政策考慮到了通貨膨脹”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“通貨膨脹率得到控制,所得稅稅率降低”,原文只提到了1985年聯(lián)邦政府針對通貨膨脹,采取了這些所得稅的調(diào)整措施,并沒有提及該措施的結(jié)果,并且這些措施也不是用來控制通貨膨脹的,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“許多州制定了它們自己的法律抑制通貨膨脹”,原文只提到了針對通貨膨脹的稅收調(diào)整措施,并不是抑制通貨膨脹的法律,該選項屬于曲解原文;

D選項“聯(lián)邦政府采用了更高的稅收等級來幫助窮人”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingincomemayenjoyareducedtaxorexclusion?下列哪項收入可以享受減稅或免稅?

A.Off-the-recordincome.A.非公開的收入。

B.Self-employmentearnings.B.自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益。

C.Businessearnings.C.商業(yè)收入。

D.Incomefromcharitableactivities.D.慈善活動收入。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞areducedtaxorexclusion定位到原文第二段最后一句,該句提到“計算出從收入中允許的許多削減和免除是一項復(fù)雜的任務(wù),因為它們要么使納稅人之間更加公平(makeforgreaterfairnessamongtaxpayers),要么宣傳有價值的社會目標(biāo)(如慈善捐款)(promoteworthysocialgoals(suchascharitablecontributions)),這是政府面臨的最困難和最敏感的政治問題之一?!庇纱丝芍龠M(jìn)納稅人之間的公平以及宣傳有價值的社會目標(biāo)(如慈善捐款)的收入,可以享受稅收減免。因此,D選項“慈善活動收入”可以享受減稅或免稅。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“非公開的收入”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)收益”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“商業(yè)收入”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項釋義】

ThemajorityoftheUSstategovernments____.美國大多數(shù)州政府____。

A.usedifferentsetsofrulesforvarioustaxableincomeA.對不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則

B.allowforareductionforself-employmentearningsB.允許自營收入的減稅

C.treatbusinessandinvestmentincomedifferentlyC.區(qū)別對待企業(yè)和投資收入

D.applythesamepolicytoallsourcesofincomeD.對所有收入來源實(shí)行同樣的政策

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容定位到原文最后一段,根據(jù)theUSstategovernments定位到最后一段第二句,該句提到“雖然一些國家和美國的一些州明確地對不同種類的應(yīng)稅收入應(yīng)用不同的規(guī)則,另一些國家,像美國大多數(shù)州政府一樣,尋求以同樣的方式對待所有收入來源(seektotreatallsourcesofincomeinthesameway)。”D選項“對所有收入來源實(shí)行同樣的政策”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對不同的應(yīng)稅收入采取不同的規(guī)則”,由【解題思路】可知,這是一些國家和美國的一些州的觀點(diǎn),不是美國大多數(shù)州政府的觀點(diǎn),該選項屬于張冠李戴;

B選項“允許自營收入的減稅”,可定位到原文最后一段第四句,該句提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從企業(yè)和自營職業(yè)者的收入中扣除,而不是從工資和薪金中扣除。”由此可知,原文只是提到“獲取收入的一些成本更容易從自營職業(yè)者的收入中扣除”,無法推測出美國大多數(shù)州政府“允許自營收入的減稅”的觀點(diǎn),該選項屬于曲解原文;

C選項“區(qū)別對待企業(yè)和投資收入”,原文提到美國大多數(shù)州政府尋求以同樣的方式對待所有收入來源,該選項不符合原文,屬于反向干擾。

15.單選題

Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.Theyerectplaygroundsfortheyoungster’spleasure,equiplargeschoolsfortheireducation,andtrainskilledspecialistsfortheirwelfare.WholeindustriesinAmericaaredevotedtomakingchildrenhappy,healthyandwise.

Butthisinterestinchildhoodisrelativelynew.Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.Byandlarge,theyeitherignoredchildren,beatthem,orfondledthemcarelessly,muchaswewouldamuseourselveswithalotofpuppies.Whentheygaveseriousthoughttochildrenatall,peopleeitherconceivedofthemasminiatureadultsoraspeculiar,unformedanimals.

Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother.Babieswhohavebeennurturedexclusivelybytheirmothersinoneepochareleftwithday-careworkersinanother.Insomeplaceschildrenhavebeentrainedtostraddleunsteadycanoes,negotiatetreacherousmountainpasses,andcarryheavybundlesontheirheads.Inotherplacestheyhavebeentaughtcomplicatedpianoconcertiandlongmultiplicationtables.

Butdiverseasithasbeen,childhoodhasonecommonexperienceatitscoreandthatisthesocialaspectofnurture.Allchildrenneedadultstobringthemup.Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem.Certainly,fromtheearliestdaysofman,adultshavemadeprovisionforthechildrenintheirmidst.

1.ThepresentdayAmericanobsessionwithchild-rearinghas().

2.Childreninthepastwereill-treatedorpettedbecausetheywere().

3.Howhavechildhoodexperiencesvaried?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,children().

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetodevelopmentsintheperceptionofchildhood?

問題1選項

A.resultedinineffectualaction

B.initiatedpointlessdiscussions

C.hadwide-rangingresults

D.producedendlesstheories

問題2選項

A.ignorantofadultlife

B.seenasuninteresting

C.consideredofnoimportance

D.conceivedofashavinganimalnatures

問題3選項

A.Childrenhavebeenalternatelybeatenandlovedthroughtheages.

B.Therehavebeendifferencesinchildrearingindifferentepochs.

C.Parentshaveincreasinglytakencontroloftheirchildren’snurturing.

D.Insomeplacesphysicaltraininghasgivenwaytoencouragingcreativity.

問題4選項

A.needintensiveadultnurturing

B.aretheinstigatorsofcivilization

C.remainphysicallydependentuntiladulthood

D.havecommonsocialexperiences

問題5選項

A.Cynical

B.Indifferent

C.Positive

D.Neutral

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段介紹了美國人對于幼兒教育的態(tài)度,根據(jù)原文“Moreover,Americansdomorethandebatetheirtheories;theytranslatethemintoaction.”可知,美國人不僅僅辯論他們的理論,而且也采取行動。因此,C項hadwide-rangingresults“有廣泛的結(jié)果”符合題意,故本題選C。

2.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的Infact,untilveryrecentlypeopleconsideredchildhoodjustabrief,unimportantpreludetoadulthoodandtherealbusinessofliving.可知,事實(shí)上,不久前人們只把兒童時期看作是一個簡短且不重要的人生階段。直到現(xiàn)在,幼兒教育才開始引起重視。因此,C項為正確答案。

3.考查細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Downthroughtheagestheexperiencesofchildhoodhavebeenasvariedasitsduration.Actionsthatwouldhaveprovokedabeatinginoneeraelicitextralovingcareinanother可知,不同時期的大人們在撫養(yǎng)兒童上的態(tài)度和方法上也會不同。因此,B項為正確答案。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中Becausehumanyoungtakesolongtobecomeindependent,wethinkthatcivilizationmayhavegrownuparoundtheneedtofeedandprotectthem可知,文化的進(jìn)步源于對孩子的培養(yǎng)和保護(hù),所以,孩子在一定程度上推動了文化的進(jìn)步。因此,B項為正確答案。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章主要講述了美國人對孩子的教育由從以前的不重視轉(zhuǎn)為現(xiàn)在的非常重視,并且采取了一系列的相關(guān)措施。因此,作者對這一轉(zhuǎn)變持有積極的態(tài)度。A項為諷刺的,B項為漠視的,C項為積極的,D項為中立的。因此,C項為正確答案。

16.單選題

Thenewlyelectedpresidenthas________$13milliontotheautomobileindustryforitssurvival.

問題1選項

A.prepared

B.promised

C.disposed

D.pledged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“準(zhǔn)備”;B選項“許下,應(yīng)允”;C選項“處理”;D選項“保證”。句意:新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)()花13億元來拯救汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)。根據(jù)句意,空格中意思填“保證”最合適,pledge和promise都有保證的意思,但是pledge一般表公開場合的保證,意義比較嚴(yán)肅,promise只是承諾。總統(tǒng)說的保證肯定是比較嚴(yán)肅的,所以答案選D。

17.單選題

Inscientificstudies,supportingevidenceismuchmoresatisfyingtoreportthanarediscreditedhypotheses,but,infact,the(

)oferrorsismorelikelytobeusefulthanistheestablishmentofprobabletruth.

問題1選項

A.formulation

B.correction

C.detection

D.accumulation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。formulation“規(guī)劃;配方”;correction“改正”;detection“偵查;探測”;accumulation“積聚,堆積物”。句意:從科學(xué)研究上來說,雖然有證據(jù)支撐的報告比不可靠的假說更令人滿意,但是事實(shí)上與發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤相比確立可能的真理可能更有用。由discreditedhypotheses“名譽(yù)掃地的假設(shè)”可推斷應(yīng)該是發(fā)現(xiàn)不可靠假說的錯誤,故C項正確。

18.單選題

AwardedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1918,GermanphysicistMaxPlanckisbestrememberedastheoriginatorofthequantumtheory.Hisworkhelpedusherinaneweraintheoreticalphysicsandrevolutionizedthescientificcommunity’sunderstandingofatomicandsubatomicprocesses.Planckintroducedanideathatledtothequantumtheory,whichbecamethefoundationof20thcenturyphysics.InDecember1900,Planckworkedoutanequationthatdescribedthedistributionofradiationaccuratelyovertherangeoflowtohighfrequencies.Hehaddevelopedatheorywhichdependedonamodelofmatterthatseemedverystrangeatthetime.Themodelrequiredtheemissionofeletromagneticradiationinsmallchunksorparticles.Theseparticleswerelatercalledquantums.Theenergyassociatedwitheachquantumismeasuredbymultiplyingthefrequencyoftheradiation,v,byauniversalconstant,h.Thus,energy,orE,equalshv.Theconstant,h,isknownasPlanck’sconstant.Itisnowrecognizedasoneofthefundamentalconstantsoftheworld.Planckannouncedhisfindingsin1900,butitwasyearsbeforethefullconsequencesofhisrevolutionaryquantumtheorywererecognized.Throughouthislife,Planckmadesignificantcontributionstooptics,thermodynamicsandstatisticalmechanics,physicalchemistry,andotherfields.In1930hewaselectedpresidentoftheKaiserWilhelmSociety,whichwasrenamedtheMaxPlanckSocietyafterWorldWarII.ThoughdeeplyopposedtothefacistregimeofAdolfHitler,PlanckremainedinGermanythroughoutthewar.HediedinGottingenonOctober4,1947.

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?

2.Theword“revolutionary”whichisunderlinedinthepassage,means().

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatPlanck’sworkledtothedevelopmentofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Theimplicationinthispassageisthat().

問題1選項

A.Optics.

B.Thermodynamics.

C.Statisticalmechanics.

D.Biology.

問題2選項

A.dangerous

B.extremist

C.momentous

D.militarist

問題3選項

A.Therocket.

B.Theatomicbomb.

C.Theinternalcombustionengine.

D.Thecomputer.

問題4選項

A.onlyaGermanphysicistcoulddiscoversuchatheory

B.quantumtheory,whichledtothedevelopmentof20thcenturyphysics,isbasicallyamathematicalformula

C.Planck’sconstantwasnotdiscerniblebefore1900

D.radiationwashardtostudy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.InwhichofthefollowingfieldsdidMaxPlanckNOTmakeasignificantcontribution?1.在下列哪個領(lǐng)域馬克斯?普朗克沒有做出重大貢獻(xiàn)?

A.Optics.A.光學(xué)。

B.Thermodynamics.B.熱力學(xué)。

C.Sta

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