考研考博-英語-云南師范大學文理學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學文理學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個答案會解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會認為自然選擇會傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因為他們會得到更多的關注。

3.因此，有的進化生物學家提出，自然選擇會傾向于所謂的誠實宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來越多，母親的反應也越來越少，因為她們開始懷疑哭聲的真實性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進化出來的?！?/p>

2.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官樣文章，冗長的法規(guī)條文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外兩個目標將總統(tǒng)及其政黨緊密聯(lián)系，團結一致很有可能。第一，減稅是共和黨一貫主張的優(yōu)先事項。但第二點放松管制，直到最近才上升到同樣的地位。呼吁減少繁文縟節(jié)，是共和黨人如今的一種有力戰(zhàn)斗口號——在許多國會議員的心中，它比削減赤字更有分量。

37.共和黨人放松管制議程的直接動機是蔑視巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)遺留政策，這其中大部分是通過監(jiān)管法令而確立的。

38.當立法還沒有出臺時，行政部門就開始指手畫腳，斷言被《清潔空氣法》賦予廣泛權力以應對氣候變化，而因為《清潔水法》清理了比以往任何時候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合計成本和收益并不簡單。支持監(jiān)管的機構顯然可以把數(shù)字推向有利的方向。政府官員有時必須做出主觀價值判斷。

40.雖然共和黨人總是提這種數(shù)字，但許多經(jīng)濟學家認為這個數(shù)大得難以置信。即使那些贊同放松管制的人，也不愿去預測監(jiān)管對經(jīng)濟增長的影響，而更愿意強調減稅的好處。

3.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個檢查。結合句意判斷出選項C正確。

4.單選題

Shewassoabsorbedinreadingthatnoisecouldnot______her.

問題1選項

A.dismiss

B.dispatch

C.disperse

D.distract

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項dismiss“解散，解雇，開除”，B項dispatch“派遣，發(fā)送，迅速處理”，C項disperse“分散，使散開”，D項distract“轉移，分心”。由beabsorbedin（全神貫注于）和so…that…（如此……以至于……）可知，D項符合。句意：她全神貫注地讀書，喧鬧聲不能使她分心。因此，該題選擇D項。

5.單選題

Idon'tsaythattopersuadeyou,butmerelyto（）myconscience.

問題1選項

A.revolve

B.relieve

C.retrieve

D.revive

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。revolve旋轉；循環(huán)；relieve解除，減輕；retrieve恢復，取回；revive復活，復興。四個選項中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我說這個不是為了勸你，只是為了讓我的良心好受些。所以本題選B。

6.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問題1選項

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級的，最初的”，指處于初級或低級狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學習某一學科或接受教育等處于入門階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識或原理；fundamental意為“基礎的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級的”指在正式開始舉某活動之前進行的“初步的、預備的”活動。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫肖像之前的指導。

7.單選題

Hishealth（

）allthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.

問題1選項

A.failed

B.hasfailed

C.wasfailed

D.isfailing

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：如果你不小心點，他可能會連家務都做不了。從從句的時態(tài)來看，if引導的是真實的條件句，根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)的原則，從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以整個句子指的是對將來的一種假設，所以主句要用將來時，所以答案選D，用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。

8.單選題

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

問題1選項

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項cycling“騎腳踏車消遣，騎腳踏車兜風”；B選項whirling“旋轉”；C選項surrounding“周圍的，附近的”；D選項orbiting“盤旋；繞軌道運行”。句意：與九顆（）太陽運行的行星相比，太陽是非常大的，而九顆行星又由三十三顆衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞著。這里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“軌道行星”，因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

問題1選項

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動詞過去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義，A選項owned“自身擁有的”；B選項sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C選項wrecked“失事的”；D選項submitted“屈服的”。句意：這艘船在牙買加附近的風暴中……?！帮L暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C選項正確。

10.單選題

Startingwiththe（）thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,theRussianandAmericanscientistswentontodeveloptheirarguments.

問題1選項

A.premise

B.pretext

C.precondition

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項premise“前提，假定，假設”；B選項pretext“借口，托辭”；C選項precondition“前提，先決條件”；D選項presentation“展示，描述”。句意：從火星上有生命這一假設出發(fā)，俄羅斯和美國的科學家繼續(xù)展開他們的爭論。火星上有生命這只是一個假設，所以選項A正確。

11.單選題

Theco-operativespiritthatispresentinsuchpack-huntersaswolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimate.Competitivenessanddominanceistheorderofthisday.

Competitioninthesocialhierarchyis,ofcourse,presentinbothgroups,butitislesstemperedbyco-operativeactioninthecaseofmonkeysandapes.Complicated,coordinatedmaneuversarealsounnecessary:sequencesoffeedingactiondonotneedtobestrungtogetherinsuchacomplexway.Theprimatecanlivemuchmorefromminutetominute,fromhandtomouth.

Becausetheprimate'sfoodsupplyisallarounditforthetaking,thereislittleneedtocovergreatdistances.Groupsofwildgorillas,thelargestofthelivingprimates,havebeencarefullystudiedandtheirmovementstraced,sothatwenowknowthattheytravelonaverageaboutathirdofamileaday.Sometimestheymoveonlyafewhundredfeet.Carnivores,bycontrast,mustfrequentlytravelmanymilesonasinglehuntingtrip.Insomeinstancestheyhavebeenknowntotraveloverfiftymilesonahuntingjourney,takingseveraldaysbeforereturningtotheirhomebase.Thisactofreturningtoafixedhomebaseistypicalofthecarnivores,butisfarlesscommonamongstthemonkeysandapes.True,agroupofprimateswillliveinareasonablyclearlydefinedhomerange,butatnightitwillprobablybeddownwhereverithappenstohaveendedupinitsday'smeanderings.Itwillgettoknowthegeneralregioninwhichitlivesbecauseitisalwayswanderingbackandforthacrossit,butiswilltendtousethewholeareainamuchmorehaphazardway.Also,theinteractionbetweenonetroopandthenextwillbelessdefensiveandlessaggressivethanisthecasewithcarnivores.Aterritoryis,bydefinition,adefendedarea,andprimatesarenottherefore,typically,territorialanimals.

Asmallpoint,butonethatisrelevanthere,isthatcarnivoreshavefleasbutprimatesdonot.Monkeysandapesareplaguedbyliceandcertainotherexternalparasites,but,contrarytopopularopinion,theyarecompletelyflealess,foroneverygoodreason.Tounderstandthis,itisnecessarytoexaminethelife-cycleoftheflea.Thisinsectlaysitseggs,notonthebodyofitshost,butamongstthedetritusofitsvictimssleepingquarters.Theeggstakethreedaystohatchintosmall,crawlingmaggots.Theselarvaedonotfeedonblood,butonthewastematterthathasaccumulatedinthedirtofthedenorlair.Aftertwoweekstheyspinacocoonandpupate.Theyremaininthisdormantconditionforapproximatelytwoweeksbeforeemergingasadults,readytohopontoasuitablehostbody.Soforatleastthefirstmonthofitslifeafleaiscutofffromitshostspecies.Itisclearfromthiswhyanomadicmammal,suchasamonkeyorape,isnottroubledbyfleas.Evenifafewstrayfleasdohappentohopontooneandmatesuccessfully,theireggswillbeleftbehindastheprimategroupmoveson,andwhenthepupaehatchtherewillbenohost‘a(chǎn)thome'tocontinuetherelationship.

Thewritersaysofthesociallifeofmonkeysandapesthatthey（）.

1.Accordingtothewriter,gorillas（）.

2.Thewritersaysthatprimatesshowlittlehostility（）.

3.Monkeysandapesarenottroubledbyfleasbecause（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheco-operativespiritpresentinsuchpack-huntersas5.wolvesislargelyabsentfromtheworldoftheprimatesbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.arenotallowedbytheirsocialcodetodominateotherindividualsbeforetheyhavecompetedwitheachother

B.competeduringtheday,butturntoaco-operativepatternwhendarknessfalls

C.havetobeonconstantwatchagainstotherspeciesthatmightdrivethemaway

D.liveinaverycompetitivesociety

問題2選項

A.prefertostayneartheirhome

B.movefromplacetoplacewithinalimitedarea

C.arefollowedwhentheytravelbyotheranimals

D.movearoundlookingforfoodaccordingtoafairlyregularpattern

問題3選項

A.towardssoldiersandotherhumanbeings

B.excepttowardsanimalssuchaslions,leopards,tigersorwildcats

C.unlesstheirownparticularareaisinvaded

D.towardsothergroupsofthesamespeciesofmonkeyorape

問題4選項

A.thefleas,whenfullydeveloped,arenotnormallywheretheprimatesare

B.theydonotmindthefleas

C.theharmfultypeoffleararelygetsontothem

D.thefleasrelationshipwiththemisimportantbiologically

問題5選項

A.wolvesaremoredefensiveandaggressivethanprimates

B.primatesaremorefriendlythanwolves

C.itisnotsodifficultforprimatestoobtainfoodasforwolves

D.primatesarenotterritorialanimals

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Competitioninthesocialhierarchyis,ofcourse,presentinbothgroups,butitislesstemperedbyco-operativeactioninthecaseofmonkeysandapes.當然，社會等級的競爭在兩個群體中都存在，但在猴子和猿這兩個群體當中，這種競爭較少因合作行為而緩和?！倍?，在上一段的最后一句中也提及“Competitivenessanddominanceistheorderofthisday.競爭和統(tǒng)治才是現(xiàn)如今的規(guī)則”。由此可以推斷出，它們都生活在一個競爭激烈的社會。所以選項D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“gorillas”定位到第三段。第三段首句提及“因為靈長類動物的食物來源在它們周圍，所以它們幾乎不需要走很遠的路。”野生大猩猩是現(xiàn)存靈長類中最大的一種，而且下文還提及，靈長類動物會生活在一個相當明確的家庭范圍內(nèi)。由此可推斷，大猩猩它們會在有限的區(qū)域內(nèi)從一個地方移動到另一個地方，所以選項B符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“theinteractionbetweenonetroopandthenextwillbelessdefensiveandlessaggressivethanisthecasewithcarnivores.與食肉動物相比，一個群體和另一個群體之間的互動會降低防御性和攻擊性?！币簿驼f，靈長類動物對其他群體中的同類，如猴子或猿類，不會表現(xiàn)出很大的敵意，所以選項D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。原文最后一段提及，靈長類動物身上沒有跳蚤是和跳蚤的生命周期相關。這種昆蟲并不在寄主的身體上產(chǎn)卵，而是在寄主睡覺的地方的碎屑中產(chǎn)卵。至少在跳蚤生命的第一個月里，它是與宿主隔絕的。后面又以猴子進行了舉例，即使有幾只游離的跳蚤碰巧跳到其中一只猴子身上并成功交配，它們的卵也會留在這個靈長類動物群體的身后，當蛹孵化時，沒有宿主在“家里”能夠繼續(xù)這種關系了。也就是說，當跳蚤發(fā)育完全后，通常已經(jīng)不在靈長類動物所在的位置了，所以選項A符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第二段的內(nèi)容“社會等級的競爭在兩個群體中都存在，但在猴子和猿這兩個群體當中，這種競爭較少因合作行為而緩和。復雜的、協(xié)調的動作也是不必要的：喂食動作的順序不需要以如此復雜的方式串在一起。這種靈長類動物可以現(xiàn)掙現(xiàn)吃，滿足目前對食物的需要?！庇纱丝芍?，靈長類動物獲得食物并不像狼那么困難，所以像狼這樣的群體捕獵者身上所表現(xiàn)出的合作精神在靈長類世界中是很少見的。選項C正確。

12.單選題

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations（）.

問題1選項

A.homogeneously

B.spontaneously

C.simultaneously

D.ingeniously

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。homogeneously“同樣地”；spontaneously“自發(fā)地，自然地”；ingeniously“賢明地，有才能地”。句意：光纖電纜可以同時傳輸數(shù)百個電話通話。選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

Fearofpirate（

）ledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

問題1選項

A.excursions

B.incursions

C.transmigrations

D.transmogrifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。excursion“偏移；遠足”；incursion“入侵；侵犯”；transmigration“輪回；移居”；transmogrification“變形”。句意：對海盜襲擊的擔心使得法國加固了他們的海岸線。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork（）alltheirtime.

問題1選項

A.takesover

B.takesaway

C.takesin

D.takesup

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項takeover“接管，借用”；B選項takeaway“拿走，帶走”；C選項takein“吸收，接受”；D選項takesup“開始從事，占據(jù)”。句意：重要人物往往沒有太多的空閑時間，因為他們的工作占據(jù)了他們所有的時間。根據(jù)選項和句意可知，D選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Youcan’thelpbuthearcommercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertising（）.

問題1選項

A.soonandsoforth

B.moreorless

C.somethingorother

D.soonerorlater

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項soonandsoforth“等等”；B選項moreorless“或多或少”；C選項somethingorother“什么的（表示模糊概念），常用于口語”；D選項soonerorlater“遲早”。句意：你不由得去聽一些廣告，因為每隔幾分鐘節(jié)目就會被打斷，給你一個廣告什么的。C選項符合句意，因此C選項正確。

16.單選題

Theplantoallowthereadingpublictorente-books,muchastheyrentmovies,hasprovedsomuchmorecontentiousthanitspioneer,theformerWaterstonesmanagingdirectorTimCoates,hadhoped.

ThatpublishersareverycautiousoftheideaofhisnewBilbarye-rentalventure,whichlaunchedthisweek,isperhapsnotentirelysurprising:althoughthee-rentalsautomaticallydeletethemselveswhentheborrowingtimeexpires,theyfeartheschememightharmsales.

Lesscontroversial,however,isMrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.Hundredsofthenation’s4,000publiclibrariesareatrisk;andcampaigners’attemptstopersuadecourtsandcouncilstokeepthemopenarelargelyfailing.

Closinglibrariesisinevitable,theargumentgoes,inanerawhentwooutofthreeBritishhomeshaveacomputer.Butthatisfarfromthewholestory.While200millionbooksaresoldeveryyear,morethan310millionareborrowed.Theone-in-threehomeswithoutacomputerarethoseofthenation’spoorerchildren,manyofwhomlivewithoutevenatableatwhichtheycandotheirhomework.ItiswithonlythemildestexaggerationthatAlanBennett,theplaywrightandcampaigner,describestheclosureoflibrariesasanactof“childabuse”.

Tosome,theword“l(fā)ibrary”conjuresonlynegativeassociations,anirrelevantanachronisminanincreasinglydigitalworld.Butagoodlibraryisfarmorethanjustaplacetostorebooks.Itisagatewaytoknowledge,aplacewellabletoadapttothecomputerageandindoingsosupportthecuriosity,studyandresearchofnewgenerations.

Thereare,ofcourse,somelibrariesthatareunfitforpurpose.Butthosethatusedigitaltechnologiesasanaide,ratherthantreatthemasathreat,morethanholdtruetotheircorepurpose.Andthosethathavemadetheleapareseeingvisitornumbersrise,notfall.Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.WecanonlyhopethatMr.Coates’supportcanhelpmanyofthemtodoso.

1.Theargumentabouttheclosingoflibrariesstemsfrom（）.

2.Theword“anachronism”inPara.5mightmean（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardclosinglibrariescanbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.thefallofsaleofbooks

B.theadventofdigitaltechnologies

C.thegovernmentbudgetcut

D.theworldeconomicrecession

問題2選項

A.chronologicalerror

B.phonologicalerror

C.etymologicalerror

D.historicalerror

問題3選項

A.Somepeoplebelievethatlibrariesareoutofdateindigitalage.

B.IntheUK,oneoutofthreehomesdon’thavecomputers.

C.Itisinevitablethatdigitallibrarieswillreplacetheexistinglibraries.

D.Somelibrariesneedintroducingdigitaltechnologiesasanaid.

問題4選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.neutral

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段第一句“MrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.”科茨先生慷慨承諾將Bilbary的大部分利潤捐贈給那些開放受到政府預算削減威脅的圖書館。由此可知,關于關閉圖書館的爭論源于政府的預算削減,選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文句意:對一些人來說,“圖書館”這個詞只會讓人聯(lián)想到負面的聯(lián)想,在這個日益數(shù)字化的世界里,這是一個無關緊要的時代錯誤。根據(jù)“anincreasinglydigitalworld”可以推測,時代在變化,所以這里指的是時代錯誤,選項A正確。

3.原文最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.”英國的圖書館不需要關閉,但是可能需要改變。所以,選項C說法錯誤。

4.作者在最后一段提到,英國的圖書館不需要關閉,但是可能需要改變。這體現(xiàn)了作者的中立態(tài)度。所以選項D正確。

17.單選題

Inthewinter,reptilesappeartoverysluggish.

問題1選項

A.stupid

B.listless

C.heavy

D.solitary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.stupid愚蠢的；糊涂的B.listless沒有活力的；無精打采的

C.heavy重的D.solitary單獨的；孤獨的

【答案】B

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞形容的是冬天的爬行動物，原詞sluggish“遲緩的；懶洋洋的”，原句表達的是“爬行動物在冬天行動遲緩，沒有活力”。因此，B選項listless“沒有活力的；無精打采的”最接近原句句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合原句句意。

【句意】在冬天，爬行動物似乎行動遲緩。

18.單選題

AsthedoorofChinaisopen,Westernideasand（）comein.

問題1選項

A.moral

B.morale

C.morals

D.value

【答案】C

【解析】考查了名詞辨析。A選項moral“道德；寓意”，B選項morale“士氣；斗志”，C選項morals“品行；道德；道德觀念”，D選項value“值；價值；價格”，根據(jù)句子的意思應該是說各種各樣的價值觀念涌入中國，只有C可以表示“各種思想和價值觀”，因此C選項符合題意。句意為：隨著中國的大門打開，西方的思想和道德觀進來了。

19.單選題

Thephilosophyteacherwasindeedamazedbythestudents’（）inhandingthecomputer.

問題1選項

A.availability

B.probability

C.variability

D.versatility

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這位哲學老師的確為這些學生在操控計算機上的多才多藝感到驚訝。

考查名詞辨析。Availability可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；probability可能性，機率；variability可變性，變異性；versatility多功能性，多才多藝，用途廣泛。因此D符合句意。

20.單選題

Inprevioustime,whenfreshmeatwasinshort(),pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.

問題1選項

A.storage

B.reserve

C.supply

D.provision

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。storage“貯藏庫，存儲”；reserve“儲備，儲存”；supply“供給；補給”；provision“供應品”。句意：在過去，當鮮肉短缺時，許多家庭飼養(yǎng)鴿子作為食物來源。表示供應短缺時固定使用inshortsupply。因此C選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉移”。句意：很多游客都被這個城市復雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉向。選項B符合題意。

22.單選題

Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.

Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Eachgroupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayforninedays,equaling12hoursofplayperchild.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumberoffactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear’sintense,traditionaltherapies.

Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere’sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild’svisualattentionspanandtheirabilitytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.

Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneralreadingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,whilenon-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent-10percentgain.

Thoughmoreresearchisneededtonaildownthespecificrolethatactiongamesplayintheimprovements,theresearchersclaimedtheirdataisthestart.Theybelievetheirfindingsshowthatattentioncanbestudiedandefficientlytrainedduringinfancy.Thiscanpavethewayforlow-resource-demandingearlypreventionprogramsthatcoulddrasticallyreducetheincidentofreadingdisorders.

1.Whatdoestherecentstudydiscussedinthepassageshow?

2.Researchersofthestudyconductedtheirtestby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadifferencebetweenactionvideogamesandnon-actionones?

4.Resultsofthestudyconfirmedscientistsassumptionthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Traditionaltherapiesdobetterthanvideogamesinhelpingchildrenread.

B.Childrenpreferactionvideogamestonon-actiononesintheirreadingclass.

C.Playingactionvideogamescaneffectivelyimprovechildren'sreadingability.

D.Thebenefitsofplayingactionvideogamesgraduallygetweakerovertime.

問題2選項

A.measuringtheeffectsofplayingdifferenttypesofvideogamesonreading

B.comparingtheeffectsofdifferentreadingmethodsonreadingspeed

C.trainingchildrenwithreadingdifficultiestoreadwordsfastandaccurately

D.teachingchildrentoplayvariousvideogamesforseveralhourseachday

問題3選項

A.Actionvideogamesgiveplayersmoreinternalfeedback.

B.Actionvideogamespresentarichervarietyofstimulitoplayers.

C.Actionvideogamesrequirepayersreadmoreduringplaying.

D.Actionvideogameshaveasomewhatlowersensory-motorload.

問題4選項

A.Readingdifficultiesarecausedbybothexternalandinternalfactors

B.Actionvideogameshavehighergameseesthannor-actionvideogames

C.Readingdifficultiesarerelatedtoexcessiveplayingofvideogames

D.Actionvideogamesprovideplayerswithfeedbackthatfacilitatelearning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)recentstudy定位到文章的首句，“Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.”在最近的一項研究中，神經(jīng)科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩快節(jié)奏的電子游戲有助于提高誦讀困難兒童的閱讀速度，而且這種提高不會隨著時間的推移而消失。即對應C選項。A選項“傳統(tǒng)療法在幫助孩子閱讀方面比電子游戲做得更好”。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)療法，定位到文章的第二段的尾句“Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear'sintense,traditionaltherapies”.可得知，玩快節(jié)奏游戲比傳統(tǒng)療法更有助于提高孩子的閱讀速度，B選項“在閱讀課上，孩子們更喜歡動作類電子游戲而不是非動作類電子游戲”，為無關選項，文章沒有提到readingclass，D選項“玩動作類電子游戲的好處會隨著時間的推移逐漸減弱”，與文章表達的意思相反。因此，C選項符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)researchersofthestudy定位到文章的第二段，“Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.”研究人員測試了兩組10歲的誦讀困難兒童的閱讀能力，一組玩動作類電子游戲，另一組玩非動作類電子游戲。A選項“通過玩不同類型的游戲來衡量電子游戲對閱讀的影響”，B選項“通過比較不同的閱讀策略在閱讀速度方面的影響”，C選項“訓練有閱讀困難的兒童快速準確地閱讀單詞”，D選項“每天教授孩子玩幾個小時不同的游戲”。因此，A選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.”動作電子游戲與非動作電子游戲的區(qū)別在于游戲速度、高感覺運動負荷和多重外圍刺激。A選項“動作電子游戲會給玩家更多內(nèi)部反饋”，B選項“動作電子游戲為玩家提供了更豐富的刺激”，C選項“動作類電子游戲要求付費玩家在游戲過程中閱讀更多內(nèi)容”，D選項“動作類電子游戲的感覺運動負荷相對較低”。因此，B選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.”動作電子游戲玩家不斷收到關于他們表現(xiàn)的外部和內(nèi)部反饋，從而產(chǎn)生學習效果。事實證明，研究人員的假設是正確的。動作類電子游戲玩家在改進過程中打敗了非動作類游戲玩家。A選項“閱讀困難既有外部因素造成的，也有內(nèi)部因素造成的”，原文沒有提及，B選項“動作類電子游戲比非動作類電子游戲擁有更高的游戲體驗”，原文沒有提及游戲體驗，C選項“閱讀困難與過度玩電子游戲有關”，無關選項，D選項“動作類電子游戲為玩家提供反饋，促進他們的學習”，因此，D選項符合題意。

23.翻譯題

(36)Formany,theglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishasconfirmedexistinganti-globalizationsentimentsandisbeingreflectedinoppositionto