考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京農(nóng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京農(nóng)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thebrick-and-mortarmuseumthatexistsintherealworldisunlikelytobecomeobsolete,but“visiting”museumsincyberspaceisnowacommonpastime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hobby

B.fashion

C.mode

D.pattern

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.hobby業(yè)余愛(ài)好（活動(dòng)）B.fashion（衣服、發(fā)式等的）流行款式，時(shí)興式樣

C.mode風(fēng)格，樣式D.pattern模式

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】pastime的意思為“消遣，休閑活動(dòng)”，指的是在線參觀博物館已成為一種普遍的休閑活動(dòng)，只有hobby與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的實(shí)體博物館不太可能過(guò)時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在在線參觀博物館已成為一種普遍的休閑活動(dòng)。

2.翻譯題

Bacteria（細(xì)菌）,likepeople,canbedividedintofriendandfoe.81.Inspiredbyevidencethatthefriendlysortmayhelpwitharangeofailments（疾?。?manypeopleconsumebacteriaintheformofyogurtsanddietarysupplements.Suchasmatteringofartificialadditions,however,representsbutadropintheocean.Thereareatleast800typesofbacterialivinginthehumangut.AndresearchbyStevenGilloftheInstituteforGenomicResearchinRockville,Maryland,andhiscolleagues,publishedinthisweek’sScience,suggeststhatthecollectivegenomeoftheseorganismsissolargethatitcontains100timesasmanygenesasthehumangenomeitself.

DrGillandhisteamwereabletocometothisconclusionbyextractingbacterialDNAfromthefaeces（糞便）oftwovolunteers.82.Becauseofthecomplexityofthesamples,theywerenotabletoreconstructtheentiregenomes（基因組）ofeachofthegutbacteria,justtheindividualgenes.Butthatallowedthemtomakeanestimateofnumbers.

Whatallthesebacteriaaredoingistrickytoidentify—thebacteriathemselvesaredifficulttocultivate.83.Sotheresearchersguessedatwhattheymightbeuptobycomparingthegenestheydiscoveredwithpublisheddatabasesofgeneswhosefunctionsarealreadyknown.

84.ThiscomparisonhelpedDrGillidentifyforthefirsttimetheprobable

enzymatic（酶（性）的）processesbywhichbacteriahelphumanstodigestthecomplex

carbohydratesinplants.Thebacteriaalsocontainaplentifulsupplyofgenesinvolvedinthesynthesisofchemicalsessentialtohumanlife—includingtwoBvitaminsandcertainessentialaminoacids—althoughtheteammerelyshowedthatthesemetabolicpathwaysexistratherthanprovingthattheyareused.Nevertheless,thepathwaystheyfoundleavehumanslookingmorelikeruminants:animalssuchasgoatsandsheepthatusebacteriatobreakdownotherwiseindigestiblematterintheplantstheyeat.

ThebroaderconclusionDrGilldrawsisthatpeoplearesuperorganismswhosemetabolismrepresentsanamalgamationofhumanandmicrobialattributes.Thenotionof

asuperorganismhasemergedbefore,asresearchersinotherfieldshavecometoviewhumansashavingadiverseinternalecosystem.85.This,suggestsome,willbecrucialtothesuccessofpersonalisedmedicine,asdifferentpeoplewillhavedifferentresponsestodrugs,dependingontheirmicrobialflora.（微生物群落）Accordingly,thenextstep,saysDrGill,istoseehowmicrobialpopulationsvarybetweenpeopleofdifferentages,backgroundsanddiets.

Anotherareaofresearchistheprocessbywhichthesehelpfulbacteriafirstcolonizethedigestivetract.Babiesacquiretheirgutfloraastheypassdownthebirthcanalandtakeagene-filledgulpoftheirmother’svaginalandfaecalflora.Itmightnotbethemostdeliciousoffirstmeals,butitcouldwellbeanimportantone.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】81.有益菌可以幫助人們治療多種疾病，受此啟發(fā)，很多人通過(guò)使用酸乳食品和各種補(bǔ)品的辦法吸收細(xì)菌。然而，這種人為補(bǔ)充細(xì)菌的做法是極其膚淺的。

82.由于樣本的復(fù)雜性，吉爾博士及其研究組人員還不能構(gòu)建出腸道內(nèi)細(xì)菌的完整基因組，而只能構(gòu)建出單體基因。不過(guò)，這也可以使他們對(duì)整體數(shù)量作出估算。

83.因此，研究人員只能將發(fā)現(xiàn)的基因和那些功能已經(jīng)研究清楚的基因的公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行比較，從而猜測(cè)可能得到的研究結(jié)果。

84.這種比較幫助吉爾博士第一次確定了可能存在的細(xì)菌借以幫助人體消化從植物體攝入的復(fù)雜碳水化合物的酶催化反應(yīng)的過(guò)程。

85.有人認(rèn)為，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)個(gè)性化藥物的成功開(kāi)發(fā)是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)椴煌娜司哂胁煌奈⑸锶郝?，?duì)不同的藥物有不同的反應(yīng)。

3.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”：toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastfort,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggestthatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximateAD1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsame8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld'spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelongthinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（

）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto

（

）.

5.Theword“demographic”inthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40.

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces.

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000

B.About50,000babiesarebomeverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepictureofthedemographicgrowth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelongthinpowderfuseanalogy定位至第一段:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto’’along,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長(zhǎng)比作“一根細(xì)長(zhǎng)的火藥引信，它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒，直到爆炸”，這種類比是完全正確的)。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞societieswereoftenindangerofextinction定位至第二段:Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates(通常，社會(huì)明顯面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗劳雎矢哂诔錾?。故選B。

3.判斷推理題。最后一段:Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhas

increasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld(從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口總量從5億增加到了40億。并且預(yù)計(jì)到2000年，全世界人口總量將達(dá)到62億)。因此A項(xiàng)符合原文。

4.作者意圖題。作者首先指出了人口增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)狀,然后詳細(xì)回顧了歷史上人口統(tǒng)計(jì)特征及原因。故選D。

5.詞義題?！癲emographic”所在句:Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthtoalong,thinpowderfusethatbumssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes(把人口增長(zhǎng)比作“一根細(xì)長(zhǎng)的火藥引信，它以平穩(wěn)的速度緩慢燃燒，直到爆炸”，這種類比是完全正確的)。而且,文章是以人口增長(zhǎng)為討論話題。因此,此題選A。

4.單選題

AdefeatedcandidatefortheHouseofRepresentativesmustwaittwoyearsbeforerunningagain,becauseelectionsare______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.semiannual

B.biennial

C.biannual

D.bilateral

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)semiannual“每半年的，半年一次的”，B項(xiàng)biennial“兩年一次的”，C項(xiàng)biannual“一年兩度的”，D項(xiàng)bilateral“雙邊的，有兩邊的”。根據(jù)waittwoyearsbeforerunningagain“等待兩年再次參選”可知，“兩年一次的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：被擊敗的眾議院候選人必須等待兩年才能再次參選，因?yàn)檫x舉是兩年一次的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hardtrainingwill______yourichlywhenitcomestotheactualcompetition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pay

B.bring

C.serve

D.make

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pay“支付，補(bǔ)償，償還”，B項(xiàng)bring“帶來(lái)，提供，引起”，C項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)，為……服務(wù)”，D項(xiàng)make“使得，進(jìn)行，布置，準(zhǔn)備”。由Hardtrainingwill______yourichly“艱苦的訓(xùn)練將豐厚地……你”可知，“補(bǔ)償”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：在真正的比賽中，艱苦的訓(xùn)練會(huì)給你帶來(lái)豐厚的回報(bào)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。hangon“堅(jiān)持下去，不掛斷”；holdon“堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“開(kāi)始”。句意：我們不能總是依靠風(fēng)，所以新的風(fēng)車應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)得也能由水驅(qū)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.填空題

Theeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodsprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cinfoodsprices改為infoodprices

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】C部分的food是統(tǒng)稱，指的是所有食物，為不可數(shù)名詞，所以用單數(shù)food。

【句意】主要由于政府逐漸減少在食物方面的支持，同時(shí)食物價(jià)格上漲，該國(guó)食物情況惡化。

8.單選題

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)admit“承認(rèn)，允許”，尤其指“不情愿地承認(rèn)”，特別是一些與自己行為有關(guān)的不好的事情；B項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)，答謝”，通常指公開(kāi)承認(rèn)某事的真實(shí)情況或自己的過(guò)錯(cuò)；C項(xiàng)absorb“吸收，理解”，D項(xiàng)consider“認(rèn)為，考慮”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞suggestion“建議”可知，空格部分表示“采納，考慮”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：在這家工廠，建議往往要等上幾個(gè)月才能被充分考慮。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

AfterworkingwithEllenformanyyears,wekneweachotherverywellandestablishedagood________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapport

B.rapine

C.prospect

D.rapture

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“rapport”，意為“親善；融洽；和睦關(guān)系”；B選項(xiàng)“rapine”，意為“掠奪；劫掠”；C選項(xiàng)“prospect”，意為“前途；預(yù)期；景色”；D選項(xiàng)“rapture”，意為“狂喜；歡天喜地；興高采烈”。句意：和艾倫一起工作多年后，我們彼此非常了解，并建立了__良好的關(guān)系__。本句表示“因?yàn)楹桶瑐愐黄鸸ぷ鞫嗄?，彼此也十分了解，兩人之間建立了親密、和諧的良好關(guān)系”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things’’-physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstrument.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstruments,pictured'inart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritages.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people'saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe"information-revolution",atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtomaterialculture?

2.Theword"phonograph"(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanadvantageofprintedmusic?

5.Fromthethirdparagraph,wemayinferthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Instruments

B.Music.

C.Paintings.

D.Sheetmusic.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.recordplayer

B.radio

C.musicaltechnique

D.music-culture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theimportance,ofculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.theculturalinfluenceofthedevelopmentofcivilization

C.thefocusofthestudyofthematerialcultureofmusic

D.thesignificanceoftheresearchintothemusicalinstruments

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Readingofmusicnotationhasagreatimpactonmusicians.

B.Peoplemaydrawinspirationfromit.

C.Themusicculturewillbeinfluencedbyitintheend.

D.Songstendtobestandardizedbyit.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.traditionalculturalheritageisworthyofpreservation

B.theuniversalfeaturessharedbyallculturesaren’tworthyofnotice.

C.musicianspaymoreattentiontothepreservationoftraditionalmusic.

D.themoredevelopedaculture,themorevaluablethemusicithasfostered

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句對(duì)物質(zhì)文化下了定義：文化中產(chǎn)生的能看到、摸到、感覺(jué)到使用的自然物體（physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used-thatacultureproduces）。該段接下來(lái)提到樂(lè)器是音樂(lè)文化中的物質(zhì)載體（Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstrument），所以選項(xiàng)A可以排除；第一段還提到圖片、文字記載都屬于物質(zhì)文化（Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstruments,picturedinart），選項(xiàng)C可以排除；第二段第一句Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture提到樂(lè)譜也是物質(zhì)文化，選項(xiàng)D可以排除。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.題干中的phonograph出現(xiàn)在第一段：Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented，sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.在phonograph被發(fā)明之前，我們聽(tīng)不到任何音樂(lè)表演的聲音，只能通過(guò)樂(lè)器來(lái)研究過(guò)去的音樂(lè)。由此推測(cè)，這個(gè)詞指的是一種能夠記錄聲音并被用來(lái)研究音樂(lè)文化的東西。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第一段第一句給物質(zhì)文化下了定義；第二、三句提到研究音樂(lè)物質(zhì)文化才能研究好音樂(lè)文化；第四、五句指出樂(lè)器是因?yàn)槲幕芯恐械闹匾镔|(zhì)文化；第六句提及了樂(lè)器作為物質(zhì)文化的兩種形式。第七句舉了繪畫和書寫文件來(lái)說(shuō)明樂(lè)器在音樂(lè)文化研究中所起的作用。由此可只選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段第三句Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs提到樂(lè)譜形式單調(diào)，因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒏枨紭?biāo)準(zhǔn)化。所以選項(xiàng)D不是優(yōu)勢(shì)，符合題意。

5.文章第三段第二句Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritages提到我們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注傳統(tǒng)和民族特色的音樂(lè)，并且愿意將民樂(lè)保存下來(lái)?？芍x項(xiàng)A符合題意，傳統(tǒng)文化遺產(chǎn)值得保留下來(lái)。

11.單選題

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals'seemtobe_______,andtherefore_______externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】learned...immuneto學(xué)到的不受感染;innate...unaffectedby先天的不受影響;intricate...belongto復(fù)雜的屬于;specific...confusedwith特定的混淆。句意：某些動(dòng)物的行為,如交配儀式,似乎是與生俱來(lái)的,因此不受外部因素的影響,如氣候變化,食物供應(yīng),或其他動(dòng)物相同物種的存在。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析題。contemplate“沉思，注視”；deem“認(rèn)為，視作”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；anticipate“預(yù)期，期望”；句意：到本月底還沒(méi)有交納注冊(cè)費(fèi)的人將被視為已取消該課程。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

13.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個(gè)部分，第一個(gè)部分講述的是民間文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時(shí)代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項(xiàng)A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)；選項(xiàng)B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項(xiàng)D：加拿大和美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)專業(yè)化，以上選項(xiàng)均與原文不符。選項(xiàng)C:“民俗化”社會(huì)與“大眾化”社會(huì)的特征“為正確選項(xiàng)。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無(wú)上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動(dòng)分工?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)B“社會(huì)變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項(xiàng)，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國(guó)和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國(guó)和加拿大等工業(yè)化國(guó)家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在。”可以推斷出兩個(gè)國(guó)家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機(jī)制?！庇纱丝芍狣選項(xiàng)“宗教”為正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A：容忍各種宗教活動(dòng)。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B：個(gè)人主義和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D：每個(gè)人發(fā)展一項(xiàng)專門技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項(xiàng)C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ撸磐絺儾辉试S擁有汽車。”相符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Althoughwecanimaginelifebasedonsomethingotherthancarbonchemistry,weknowofnoexamplestotellushowsuchlifemightariseandsurvive.Wemustlimitourdiscussiontolifeasweknowitandtheconditionsitrequires.Themostimportantrequirementisthepresenceofliquidwater,notonlyaspartofthechemicalreactionsoflife,butalsoasamediumtotransportnutrientsandwasteswithintheorganism.

Thewaterrequirementautomaticallyeliminatesmanyworldsinoursolarsystem.Themoonisairless,andalthoughsomedatasuggesticefrozeninthesoilatitspoles,ithasneverhadliquidwateronitssurface.Inthevacuumofthelunarsurface,liquidwaterwouldboilawayrapidly.Mercurytooisairlessandcannothavehadliquidwateronitssurfaceforlongperiodsoftime.Venushassometracesofwatervaporinitsatmosphere,butitismuchtoohotforliquidwatertosurvive.Iftherewereanylakesoroceansofwateronitssurfacewhenitwasyoung,theymusthaveevaporatedquickly.Eveniflifebeganthere,notraceswouldbeleftnow.

Theinnersolarsystemseemstoohot,andtheoutersolarsystemseemstoocold.TheJovianplanetshavedeepatmospheres,andatacertainlevel,theyhavemoderatetemperatureswherewatermightcondenseintoliquiddroplets.Butitseemsunlikelythatlifecouldbeginthere.TheJovianplanetshavenosurfaceswhereoceanscouldnurturethebeginningoflife,andcurrentsintheatmosphereseemdestinedtocirculategasandwaterdropletsfromregionsofmoderatetemperaturetootherlevelsthataremuchtoohotortoocoldforlifetosurvive.

AfewofthesatellitesoftheJovianplanetsmighthavesuitableconditionsforlife.Jupiter’smoonEuropaseemstohavealiquid-wateroceanbelowitsicycrust,andmineralsdissolvedinthatwaterwouldprovidearichbrothofpossibilitiesforchemicalevolution.Nevertheless,Europaisnotapromisingsitetosearchforlifebecauseconditionsmaynothaveremainedstableforthebillionsofyearsneededforlifetoevolvebeyondthemicroscopicstage.IfJupiter’smoonsinteractgravitationallyandmodifytheirorbits,Europamayhavebeenfrozensolidatsomepointsinhistory.

Saturn’smoonTitanhasanatmosphereofnitrogen,argonandmethaneandmayhaveoceansofliquidmethaneandethaneonitssurface.Thechemistryoflifethatmightcrawlorswimonsuchaworldisunknown,butlifetheremaybeunlikelybecauseofthetemperature.ThesurfaceofTitanisadeadly-179°C(-290°F).Chemica)reactionsoccurslowlyornotatallatsuchlowtemperatures,sothechemicalevolutionneededtobeginlifemayneverhaveoccurredonTitan.

Marsisthemostlikelyplaceforlifeinoursolarsystem.Theevidence,however,isnotencouraging.MeteoriteALH84001wasfoundontheAntarcticicein1984.ItwasprobablypartofdebrisejectedintospacebyalargeimpactonMars.ALH84001isimportantbecauseateamofscientistsstudieditandannouncedin1996thatitcontainedchemicalandphysicaltracesofancientlifeonMars.

Scientistswereexcitedtoo,butbeingprofessionallyskeptical,theybegantestingtheresultsimmediately.Inmanycases,theresultsdidnotconfirmtheconclusionthatlifeonceexistedonMars.SomechemicalcontaminationfromwateronEarthhasoccurred,andsomechemicalsinthemeteoritemayhaveoriginatedwithoutthepresenceoflife.Thephysicalfeaturesthatlooklikefossilbacteriamaybemineralformationsintherock.

SpacecraftnowvisitingMarsmayhelpusunderstandthepasthistoryofwaterthereandpaintamoredetailedpictureofpresentconditions.Nevertheless,conclusiveevidencemayhavetowaituntilageologistinaspacesuitcanwanderthedrystreambedsofMarscrackingopenrocksandsearchingforfossils.

Wearelefttoconcludethat,sofarasweknow,oursolarsystemisbareoflifeexceptforEarth.Consequently,oursearchforlifeintheuniversetakesustootherplanetarysystems.

1.Thewordautomaticallyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthewateronVenusistrue?

3.HowwillscientistsconfirmtheexistenceoflifeonMars?

4.Accordingtoparagraph5,whywouldlifeonTitanbeimprobable?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmostaccuratelyreflectstheauthor’sopinionaboutlifeinoursolarsystem?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.partially

B.actually

C.occasionally

D.naturally

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thewaterevaporatedbecauseofthehightemperatures.

B.Thewaterbecamefrozeninthepolarregions.

C.Onlyalittlewateris