考研考博-英語-北京印刷學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京印刷學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Caruthers’slatestliterarycriticism（）herreputationfortrenchantcommentary;despiteitsintriguingtitleandthefulsomepraiseonitsdustjacket,itisnothingmorethanacollectionof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reinforces,pronouncements

B.advances,aphorisms

C.belies,platitudes

D.undermines,judgments

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞和名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reinforces,pronouncements“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”，“聲明；宣告；公告；判決”；B選項(xiàng)advances,aphorisms“提出；預(yù)付；使……前進(jìn)；將……提前；前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展；上漲”，“格言；警句”；C選項(xiàng)belies,platitudes“掩飾；與……不符；使失望；證明……虛假錯誤”，“陳詞濫調(diào)；平凡；陳腐”；D選項(xiàng)undermines,judgments

“破壞，漸漸破壞；挖掘地基”，“判斷；裁判；判決書；辨別力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文學(xué)批評掩蓋了她犀利評論的名聲；盡管書名引人入勝，書皮上也有溢美之詞，但這本書不過是陳詞濫調(diào)的集合。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thepoliceaccusedhimofsettingfiretothebuildingbuthedenied（）intheareaonthenightofthefire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.havingbeen

D.be

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。Denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做過某事”。句意：警察指控他在大廈縱火，但是他否認(rèn)他在場當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Perhapsyoudidn’tquiteunderstandthemovieandthenleftbeforefinishingit.（）thecase,Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifthisbe

B.Thisshouldbe

C.Shouldthisbe

D.Isthis

【答案】A

【解析】考查條件狀語從句。由Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.句意：我想這個宣傳冊可能有所幫助。由關(guān)鍵詞may可知空格后的thecase這種情況并不是虛擬的，而是一個真實(shí)條件句，故不用倒裝，而條件句一般是用if引導(dǎo)。因此答案選A，相當(dāng)于省略了should，即Ifthis(should)be。整個句意為：也許你并不十分理解這部電影，沒結(jié)束就提前離開了。如果真的如此，我想這個宣傳冊可能有所幫助。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese

Onceyouturnoveranewleaf,youcan’texpecttochangecompletelyrightaway.Youareboundtovacillateattimes.Thekeyistobesatisfiedwithgradualimprovement,expectingandacceptingtheoccasionalslipsthatcomewithanychange.Andevenafteryouarehandlingthesedecisionsinafirmerandmoreconfidentmanner,youcan’texpectyourchildrentorespondimmediately.Forawhilethey’llkeeponapplyingtheoldpressuresthatusedtoworksowell.Butthey’lleventuallycometorespectyourdecisionsoncetheylearnthatnaggingandarguingnolongerwork.Intheend,bothyouandyourchildrenwillbehappierforit.

Thetrendsarequicklyacceleratingforasimplereason:Informationispower,andtechnologydemocratizesanduniversalizestheavailabilityofinformation.Hence,organizationswillnolongerbeabletosubsidizeprocessesandjobsthatglorifyhierarchicalcontrolbutturnoffthespigotonknowledge-flow.FuturistGeorgeGilderdescribesaworldwheretheeconomyisbasedonsand,glassandair.Sandisthesiliconusedtomakemicrochips,thebuildingblocksofcomputing—andthatbuildingblockisgrowingexponentially.Theperformanceofmicrochipsdoublesevery18months.

【答案】一旦你翻開新的一頁，你就不能指望馬上完全改變。有時你肯定會猶豫不決。關(guān)鍵是要滿足于漸進(jìn)的改進(jìn)，預(yù)料并接受任何變化帶來的偶然失誤。即使在你以更加堅(jiān)定和自信的方式處理這些決定之后，你也不能指望你的孩子會立即做出反應(yīng)。在一段時間內(nèi)，他們將繼續(xù)施加過去行之有效的舊壓力。但一旦他們知道嘮叨和爭論不再有效，他們最終會尊重你的決定。最后，你和你的孩子都會因此而更快樂。

這種趨勢正在迅速加速，原因很簡單：信息就是力量，而技術(shù)使信息變得民主化和普遍化。因此，組織將不再能夠資助那些美化等級特權(quán)并阻止信息交流的工作體系了。未來學(xué)家喬治?吉爾德描述了一個以沙子、玻璃和空氣為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界。沙子是用來制造微芯片的硅，芯片（計(jì)算機(jī)世界的建筑材料）正以指數(shù)級的速度增長。微芯片的性能每18個月翻一番。

5.單選題

Thecriminalalwayspaid（

）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.by

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】句意:罪犯通常用現(xiàn)金支付，這樣警察就沒法逮捕到他。

固定搭配。payincash為固定用法,表示“用現(xiàn)金支付”。

6.單選題

Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Excuseme,but

B.thinkthatit’sratherodd

C.thenturnaroundandtreat

D.asifhewereanuisance?

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

7.單選題

Anewkindofradarhasbeendevelopedforspace-agetravelers.Aworkinglaboratory

modelofanewsystemofradarthatmakesuseofabeamoflightissaidtobetenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves.

Themodelhasshownthatradarsystemcanmeasurewithabsoluteprecisionspeedsvaryingfromspaceshiporbitalinjectionvelocitiesoflivemilesperseconddowntovirtualstops-speedsoflessthanoneten-thousandthofaninchpersecond.Accordingtothescientistswhoaredevelopingthissystem,suchfinemeasuresofvelocityareofprimeimportanceinspacemissions.Inarendezvous（宇宙飛回合點(diǎn)）betweentwospaceships,orinalandingapproachbyavehicleontoanorbitingspacestation,abumpcouldrip（劃破）openaship’sskin,oranudgecouldknockthestationoutofitsorbit.

Thelight-beamradar,whichoperatesatafrequencyoftrillions（萬億）ofcyclespersecond,couldeasilydetectandmeasurethemovementofavehicleedginguptoasatellitespacestationevenatasmallfractionofaninchpersecond.Acontrolsystemsusingsopreciseasignalasthisallowahugevehicletodockataspacestationaslightlyasafeather.

1.Thisradarsystemissignificantbecauseit（

）.

2.Light-beamradarhasprovedcapableofmeasuringspeedsthat（

）.

3.Precisioninmeasuringslowspeedswillhelpspacepilotsto（

）.

4.Thisradarwillbeespeciallyvaluableinspacebecause（

）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthisselectionwouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthefirstradarsystemtoworkinspace

B.ismoreprecisethanmicrowaveradar

C.iseasiertooperatethanmicrowaveradar

D.willworkontheearth’ssurfaceaswellasinspace

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arevirtuallynegligible

B.cannotbedetectedvisually

C.areofextremelyhighvelocity

D.alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainorbital

B.makerendezvousinspace

C.landatspacestations

D.bothBandC

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.accuratemeasurementsareessentialinspace

B.thespeedsofspacevehicleswillvarygreatly

C.inaccuraciesinmeasurementcouldcauseaccidentsinspace

D.allofabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RadarfortheSpaceage

B.Rendezvousinspace

C.TheFunctionofRadar

D.ProblemsinSpaceNavigation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段tenthousandtimesmoreaccuratethanthebestcomparablesystemofradarthatusesmicrowaves提到了這個系統(tǒng)比之前的要更加準(zhǔn)確，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Themodelhasshownthatradarsystemcanmeasurewithabsoluteprecisionspeedsvaryingfromspaceshiporbitalinjectionvelocitiesoflivemilesperseconddowntovirtualstops-speedsoflessthanoneten-thousandthofaninchpersecond提到這種雷達(dá)能夠測量從太空飛船每秒5英里的發(fā)射速度到實(shí)際靜止的每秒小于萬分之一英寸的速度，可知這種雷達(dá)在肉眼看不到，無法看到，且速度極快，前面三個選項(xiàng)都包含了，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第二段后半段inarendezvous（宇宙飛回合點(diǎn)）betweentwospaceships,orinalandingapproachbyavehicleontoanorbitingspacestation,abumpcouldrip（劃破）openaship’sskin,oranudgecouldknockthestationoutofitsorbit提到新的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)確性對于兩艘宇宙飛船之間的宇宙飛回合點(diǎn)還有空間站是非常重要的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第二段提到激光雷達(dá)精確的速度測量對太空飛行至關(guān)重要。即使一個輕微的觸碰都可能劃破飛船外殼，或者是空間站脫離既定的軌道。由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意，前面三個選項(xiàng)都包含在內(nèi)。

5.文章主要講述的是一種新的雷達(dá)技術(shù)被開發(fā)出來運(yùn)用至太空飛行中。選項(xiàng)A“太空時代的雷達(dá)”符合題意。

8.單選題

Without________theirdifferences,thecouplefoughtaboutthehouseworkagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rulingout

B.figuringout

C.ironingout

D.lettingout

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rulingout不考慮，排除B.figuringout想出，弄明白

C.ironingout解決，消除D.lettingout放出，發(fā)出

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“theirdifferences（他們之間的分歧）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，without在句中作伴隨狀語，表示他們之間的分歧沒有怎么樣。由后半句句意“又（again）為家務(wù)問題爭吵起來（foughtabout）”可知，這對夫婦在為家務(wù)爭吵之前本來就存在著分歧，而且原本的分歧并沒有解決。ironout指解決問題或困難，因此C選項(xiàng)ironingout“解決，消除”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)rulingout“不考慮，排除”指在仔細(xì)考慮或研究后不再考慮某事物的可能性，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)figuringout“想出，弄明白”指通過思考理解某事物或找到解決辦法，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)lettingout“放出，發(fā)出”指發(fā)出聲音等，不能和“differences（分歧）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】這對夫婦沒有消除他們之間的分歧，又為家務(wù)問題爭吵起來。

9.單選題

Pleasedropinwheneveryoucan.I’dliketokeep______touch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.to

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空請隨時來坐坐。我想保持聯(lián)系。keepintouch是固定搭配，意為“保持聯(lián)系”。其他三項(xiàng)不能進(jìn)行搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fashions“時尚；時裝；樣式；方式；時髦人物”；B選項(xiàng)frontiers“前沿；邊界；國境”；C選項(xiàng)facets“面；方面；小平面”；D選項(xiàng)formats“格式；版式；開本”。句意：這本書大致介紹了這些根本的信仰和價(jià)值觀對美國人生活各個重要層面的影響。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thedestructionofthesetreasuresarealossformankindthatnoamountofmoneycould（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standupto

B.makeupfor

C.comeupwith

D.putupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗，勇敢地面對”；B選項(xiàng)makeupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)comeupwith“提出，想出，趕上”；D選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”。句意：損害這些寶物對是人類的損失，是再多的金錢也無法彌補(bǔ)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。initiate“開始，創(chuàng)造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共謀，協(xié)力”；negotiate“談判，交涉”。句意：政府決定對毒品致死人數(shù)的增加進(jìn)行調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.Forests,jungles,deserts,plains,oceans—theorganicenvironmentisbornanddiesandisrebornendlessly,beautifully,andcompletelywithoutmoralconstraintorethicalcontrol.Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.Itisnotacity.

Humanbeingsmadeandmakecities,andonlyhumanbeingskillcities,orletthemdie.Andhumanbeingsdoboth—makecitiesandunmakethem—bythesamemeans:byactsofchoice.Weenjoydeludingourselvesinthisasinotherthings.Weenjoybelievingthatthereareforcesouttherecompletelydeterminingourfate,naturalforces—orforcessostrongandoverwhelmingastobelikenaturalforces—thatsendcitiesthroughorganicorbiologicalphasesofbirth,growth,anddecay.Weavoidtheknowledgethatcitiesareatbestworksofart,andatworstungainlyartifacts—butneverflowersorevenweeds—andthatwe,notsomemysteriousforceorcosmicbiologicalsystem,controlthecreationandlifeofacity.

Wecontrolthecreationandlifeofacitybythechoicesandagreementswemake—thebasicchoicebeing,forinstance,nottolivealone,thebasicagreementbeingtolivetogether.Whenpeoplechoosetosettle,likethestarts,notwanderlikethemoon,theycreatecitiesassitesandsymbolsoftheirchoicetostopandtheiragreementnottoseparate.Nowstasisandproximity,notmovementdistance,definehumanrelationships.Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.

Acityisnotanextendedfamily.Thatisatribeorclan.Acityisacollectionofdisparatefamilieswhoagreetofunction:Theyagreetoliveasiftheywereascloseinbloodortiesofkinshipastheyareinphysicalproximity.Choosinglifeinanartifact,peopleagreetoliveinastateofsimilitude.Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.Ifafamilyisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughbiology,acityisanexpressionofcontinuitythroughwillandimagination—throughmentalchoicesmakingartifice,notthroughphysicalreproduction.

21.Theauthor’spurposeisprimarilyto______.

22.Theauthorcitesthesentence“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”(Paragraph1)as______.

23.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthestatementsquotedin“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”inParagraph1is______.

24.Accordingtothispassage,whyisananthillbydefinitionunlikeacity?

25.Mutualdefense,controlofwaterways,andshelterfromtheforcesofnaturearepresentedprimarilyanexampleofmotivesforpeopleto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifythesourcesofpopulardiscontentwithcities

B.definethecityasgrowingoutofasocialcontract

C.illustratethedifferencebetweencitiesandvillages

D.comparecitieswithbloodfamilies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anexampleofonetypeoffigurativelanguages

B.asimplestatementofscientificfact

C.amomentarydigressionfromhiscentralthesis

D.aparadoxwithironicimplications

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.respectful

B.ambivalent

C.skeptical

D.approving

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbecasuallydestroyedbyhumanbeings.

B.Itsinhabitantsoutnumbertheinhabitantsofeventhelargestcity.

C.Itisaworkofinstinctratherthanofimagination.

D.Itexistsonafarsmallerscalethananycitydoes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.moveawayfromtheirenemies

B.gathertogetherinsettlements

C.welcomehelpfromtheirkinfolk

D.redefinetheirfamilyrelationships

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“作者的主要目的是……”。定位文章第一句Whenmusingoncitiesovertimeandinourtime,fromthefirst(wheneveritwas)totoday,wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts.（當(dāng)我們從過去和現(xiàn)在的時代、從最初到今天來思考城市時，我們必須永遠(yuǎn)記住，城市是人工制品）可知，文章開頭先指出城市是人造藝術(shù)品，隨后兩段描述了人類是如何通過選擇和約定控制城市的創(chuàng)造和生活，最后總結(jié)城市是一個有著契約的地方，定位文章倒數(shù)第二句Acityisaplacewheretiesofconsiderablepact,acity.（城市是一個有著重大契約的城市），所以這篇文章的作者的主要目的是定義城市為社會契約中成長起來的地方，B項(xiàng)“將城市定義為在社會契約中成長起來的城市”正確。A項(xiàng)“找出民眾對城市不滿的根源”，文中沒有提到人類對城市的不滿，該項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。C項(xiàng)“說明城市和鄉(xiāng)村之間的差異”也是無中生有，原文并未比較這兩個的差異。D項(xiàng)“比較城市與血親家庭”曲解原文，原文只是用血親家庭來描述城市的特點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

22.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第一段中引用了‘社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞’，作為……”。定位到第一段第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(…“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”)…—areartificial.（盡管我們從生物學(xué)或自然角度對其進(jìn)行比喻：社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞，但是，城市還是人造的），句子中提到了metaphor，作者從生物學(xué)角度引用比喻來描述城市，所以A項(xiàng)“一種比喻性語言的一個例子”正確。B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)事實(shí)的簡單陳述”和C項(xiàng)“中心論點(diǎn)暫時的離題”屬于無中生有，這并不是一個科學(xué)事實(shí)，也沒有離題。D項(xiàng)“一個具有諷刺意味的悖論”屬于曲解原文，文中并沒有提到悖論。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者在第一段中引用‘當(dāng)工業(yè)逃離時，城市就會消亡；社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞’時，陳述的態(tài)度是……”。定位到第三句Butcities—despitethemetaphorsthatweapplytothemfrombiologyornature(“Thecitydieswhenindustryflees”;“Theneighborhoodsarethevitalcellsoftheurbanorganism”),despitethesentimentaloranthropomorphicdevicesweusedtodescribecities—areartificial.（但是城市是人造的，盡管我們從生物學(xué)或自然角度對其進(jìn)行比喻：當(dāng)工業(yè)逃離時，城市就會消亡；社區(qū)是城市有機(jī)體的重要細(xì)胞；或者盡管我們用感傷的或擬人化的手段來描述城市）可知，盡管從生物學(xué)或自然學(xué)角度來比喻，或者用擬人化的手段來描述城市，試圖讓城市和自然聯(lián)系在一起，但是城市依舊是人造的，這是一種矛盾的想法，所以B項(xiàng)“矛盾的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“有禮貌的”、C項(xiàng)“持懷疑態(tài)度的”和D項(xiàng)“贊成的”都不正確，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，為什么蟻丘的定義不同于城市？”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句Naturehasnevermadeacity,andwhatNaturemakesthatmayseemlikeacity—ananthill,forinstance—onlyseemslikeone.（大自然從未創(chuàng)造過城市，而大自然創(chuàng)造的城市可能看起來像一座城市，比如一座蟻丘，但它只是看起來像一座城市）可知，蟻丘雖然看起來是個城市，但其實(shí)并不是城市；結(jié)合第一段第一句提到的wemustalwaysrememberthatcitiesareartifacts（我們必須永遠(yuǎn)記住城市是人工制品），可以推斷蟻丘和城市的區(qū)別在于一個是自然的本能，一個是人工創(chuàng)造，C項(xiàng)“這是本能的工作，而不是想象力”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“它可以被人類隨意摧毀”，城市也只有人類才能毀滅，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。B項(xiàng)“它的居民數(shù)量甚至超過最大城市的居民”和D項(xiàng)“它的規(guī)模比任何城市都小得多”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“共同防御，控制水道，躲避自然的力量，這些都是人們……的主要動機(jī)”。定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Mutualdefense,controlofariverorharbor,shelterfromnaturalforces—alltheseandotherreasonsmayleadpeopletoaggregate,butoncecongregated,theythenlivedifferentlyandbecomedifferent.（共同防御、控制河流或港口、躲避自然力量，所有這些和其他原因可能導(dǎo)致人們聚集，但一旦聚集，他們的生活方式就不同了，也變得不同了）可知，人們做這些事情的原因是聚集在一起，其中提到了兩個詞，aggregate和congregated，相當(dāng)于gathertogether，所以B項(xiàng)“聚集在定居點(diǎn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)離他們的敵人”和C項(xiàng)“歡迎親戚的幫助”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。定位最后一段第一句Acityisnotanextendedfamily.（一個城市不是一個大家庭）可知，城市并不是一個大家庭，所以人們做這些事情并不是為了重新定義家庭關(guān)系，D項(xiàng)“重新定義他們的家庭關(guān)系”為反向干擾。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

14.翻譯題

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反擊結(jié)核病的戰(zhàn)爭中,幾種有前景的藥物開發(fā)策略正在出現(xiàn)。結(jié)核病如今每年仍在奪去將近兩百萬人的生命,其中大多發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家。隨著結(jié)核分枝桿菌進(jìn)化成可以耐受抗結(jié)核藥物,而患者感到很難接受現(xiàn)有的藥物治療框架,科學(xué)家正在尋找新藥和好的診斷方法。一些有前景的藥物正在進(jìn)行早期臨床試驗(yàn),這可能縮短結(jié)核病治療時間,但是他們面臨的情況不利,因?yàn)橹挥胁坏?0%的進(jìn)入早期臨床試驗(yàn)階段的抗生素獲得了批準(zhǔn)。但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),研究基因、蛋白質(zhì)和代謝的領(lǐng)域提供了破解關(guān)于這種細(xì)菌及其與人類相互作用的空前詳細(xì)的新信息的潛力。

Passage2

對于Web2.0來講,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起來不累,配合流暢的文字內(nèi)容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0網(wǎng)站的排版布局（難度）可說是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重點(diǎn)突出,易讀,易用?？瞻啄茏屩匾畔⑼癸@,讓眼睛得以休息,并給予一種安定和秩序的感覺。寬松的行間距也讓視線易于跟隨文本流動。一些Web2.0網(wǎng)站的布局簡單到令人感到無聊的地步,但若設(shè)計(jì)上出色的話,一個四平八穩(wěn)的頁面也能成為絕頂?shù)拿牢洞蟛?。友好、活潑的行文方式會使作者與訪問者建立更多良好的關(guān)系。

Passage3

項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須注意不能將質(zhì)量與等級混淆。質(zhì)量低常成為一個問題,但等級低則不是。確定和傳達(dá)所需的質(zhì)量及等級水平是項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理和項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍的責(zé)任。另外,執(zhí)行組織主動采取質(zhì)量改進(jìn)不僅能提高項(xiàng)目管理的質(zhì)量,也可提高項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。但是,項(xiàng)目管理隊(duì)伍必須清楚知道一個重要的區(qū)別一項(xiàng)目的臨時性意味著對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改進(jìn)的投資,特別是缺陷的預(yù)防和評估,必須由執(zhí)行組織承擔(dān),因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目可能不會持續(xù)到獲得回報(bào)的時候。

15.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。A:心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄，而生物學(xué)家正在展開研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理學(xué)家把這個問題看成是挫折或笑話),原文表達(dá)的意思跟A項(xiàng)不一樣。B:大腦區(qū)別顯示出一個性別優(yōu)于另外一個性別。第一段說:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他們指出盡管有區(qū)別，但并不能說明誰優(yōu)誰劣),與B項(xiàng)不一致。D:兩性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別早已為人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異…),因此D項(xiàng)排除。所以本題選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我們傾向于認(rèn)為正是社會的影響造成了這些差異),故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段說:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基礎(chǔ)上，要解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并不是那么容易)。由此可見,“這些區(qū)別”指的是兩性技能。

4.推斷題。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我們暫時還不知道，部分原因是我們不知道學(xué)校受試者的能力和大腦兩半的功能之間有什么精確的關(guān)系，我們也不知道兩半是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.間接地提出對于corpuscallos的影響應(yīng)多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)(概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果)比較能概括文章目的。

16.問答題

Themanagerhasaskedmetoconsiderthisproposalcarefully,(consideration)

【答案】Themanagerhasaskedmetotakethisproposalintoconsiderationcarefully.

17.單選題

Therateof______intheUSremainsundercountedduetotheofficialformulasusedtocalculatethenumberofthoselivinginindigence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapacity

B.veracity

C.altruism

D.impoverishment

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rapacity掠奪，貪婪B.veracity真實(shí)，準(zhǔn)確

C.altruism利他主義D.impoverishment貧困，貧窮

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞indigence“貧困”可知Therateof______是指“貧困率”，因此該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】由于官方數(shù)據(jù)過去只統(tǒng)計(jì)了過著貧困生活人口的數(shù)字，所以美國的貧困率仍然被低估了。

18.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句意：據(jù)說這篇報(bào)道所依據(jù)的消息來源可靠。根據(jù)謂語動詞was確定事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，根據(jù)bebasedon確定保留be動詞，確定用被動語態(tài)。結(jié)合besaidto加完語態(tài)被動式表示動作已發(fā)生并且是被動語態(tài)，所以B選項(xiàng)havebeenbased正確。

19.單選題

Theplanewasfatallycrippledwhentherearcargodoorwas（

）inflight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jammed

B.opened

C.pulledoff

D.crumpledup

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“堵塞”；B選項(xiàng)“打開”；C選項(xiàng)“脫下，扯下，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“打垮，揉皺”。句意：這架飛機(jī)的后貨艙門在飛行中（）時，飛機(jī)嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞了。這里根據(jù)邏輯飛機(jī)在飛行途中，后貨艙門出現(xiàn)某種故障，導(dǎo)致整個飛機(jī)損壞。這里答案選C，被扯下。

20.單選題

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionmenareinthe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minority

B.majority

C.shortage

D.substitute

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大多數(shù)護(hù)士是女性，但在醫(yī)療行業(yè)中，男性占多數(shù)。

考查名詞辨析。minority少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)派:majority多數(shù)；成年;shortage缺乏；缺少；不足；substitute代用品；代替者。后半句用了轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but，因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

FlatswerealmostunknowninBritainuntilthe1850swhentheyweredeveloped,alongwithotherindustrialdwellings,forthelaboringclasses.Thesevastblockswereplainlya（1）meansof（2）socialconsciencebyhousinglargenumbersoftheever-presentpooron（3）citysites.Duringthe1880s,however,theideaoflivingincomfortableresidentialchamberscaughtonwiththe（4）upperanduppermiddle-classes,and（5）astotheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofflatlifewasatopicofconversation（6）manya（7）dinnertable.InParisandothermajorEuropeancities,thecustomwherebythebetter-offlivedinapartments,orflats,waswell（8）.Uptothelate19thcenturyinEnglandonlybachelorbarristershadestablishedthe（9）oflivinginroomsneartheLawCourt:anyself-respectingheadofhouseholdwouldinsist（10）aWestEndtownhouseashisLondonhome,thebestthathis（11）couldprovide.

The（12）offlatsforthebetter-offseemstohavedevelopedforanumberofreasons.First,perhaps,throughthe（13）oftherailways,whichhadenabledawide（14）ofpeopletoenjoyaholidaystayinginasuiteatoneoftheluxuryhotelswhichhadbeguntospringupduringthepreviousdecade.（15）,nodoubt,thefactthatmanyoftheearlyluxuryflatsweresimilar（16）hotelsuites,evenbeingprovidedwith（17）diningroomsandcentralboilersforhotwaterandheating.Rentstendedtobehightocoveroverheads,butsavingsweremade（18）bythesecommunalamenitiesand（19）tenantsbeingableto（20）thenumberoffamilyservants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A