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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-伊犁師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheSpaceAge(

)inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。initiate“開始,發(fā)起,創(chuàng)始”;;originate“發(fā)源,來自”;embark“開始”;commence“開始”。句意:太空時(shí)代開始于1957年10月,第一顆人造衛(wèi)星是由蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射升空的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

The215manuscript,circulatedtopublisherslastOctober,(

)anoutburstofinterest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flared

B.glittered

C.sparked

D.flashed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃光,閃耀”;B選項(xiàng)glitter“閃閃發(fā)光,閃爍”;C選項(xiàng)spark“發(fā)動(dòng),激起”;D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光,閃現(xiàn)”。句意:去年十月傳到出版商那兒的215頁(yè)的手稿激發(fā)起他們濃厚的興趣。根據(jù)句意,C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Whenyoutakemedicine,becarefulnotto___thatamountprintedonthebottle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceed

B.substitute

C.exert

D.surpass

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceed“超過;勝過(超過什么數(shù)量或者超過法律、命令等的限制)”;B選項(xiàng)substitute“替代”;C選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用,發(fā)揮;施以影響”;D選項(xiàng)surpass“超越(比某人或某事物做得更好);勝過,優(yōu)于;非……所能辦到或理解”。句意:當(dāng)你服藥時(shí),注意不要___瓶子上印著的量。本句表達(dá)“超過印的數(shù)量”,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commenced

B.compressed

C.compromised

D.compensated

【答案】B

【解析】commenced開始;compressed壓縮;compromised妥協(xié);compensated補(bǔ)償。句意:當(dāng)某一空間的空氣被擠壓以占據(jù)更小的空間時(shí),我們說空氣被壓縮了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Wecouldn'treallyaffordtobuyahousesowegotitonhirepurchaseandpaidmonthly().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.investments

B.requirements

C.arrangements

D.installments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。investments“投資”;requirements“要求,必需品”;arrangements“安排”;installments“分期付款”。句意:我們實(shí)在買不起房子,所以我們以分期付款的方式買房,然后按月付款。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Ifthey’relookingfora(

)ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stripe

B.sustainment

C.series

D.snippet

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stripe“條紋”;sustainment“支持物”;series“系列,連續(xù)”;snippet“片斷”。句意:如果他們正在一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)上尋找信息片段或者專心地看內(nèi)容,那么他們將不會(huì)被旁邊的廣告分心。由informationonapage可知空格處指信息片段,故D項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.

Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.

【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的?你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個(gè)洞?當(dāng)研究者們仔細(xì)觀察積極思維的力量時(shí),這些陳詞濫調(diào)突然間都成了科學(xué)問題。

迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成功。與此相反,悲觀則導(dǎo)致無望、疾病以及失敗,它與沮喪、孤獨(dú)、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關(guān)。心理學(xué)家克雷格說:“如果你能夠教會(huì)人們更積極地思考,那就如同為他們注射了預(yù)防這些心理疾病的疫苗?!?/p>

你的能力固然重要,但你能成功的信念影響到你是否真能成功。在某種程度上,這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對(duì)待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。

以你的工作為例。心理學(xué)家塞利格曼和他的同事對(duì)一家人壽保險(xiǎn)公司的推銷員進(jìn)行了廣泛調(diào)查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),在工齡較長(zhǎng)的推銷員中,積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險(xiǎn)額。在新雇傭的推銷員中,樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢?樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后,悲觀主義者傾向于自責(zé),樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當(dāng)一切順利時(shí),樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞,而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。

無論是消極還是積極,都是一種本身會(huì)成為事實(shí)的預(yù)言??死赘裾f:“如果人們感到?jīng)]有希望,他們就不會(huì)費(fèi)事去獲得成功所需的技能?!?/p>

控制感是成功的試金石。樂觀者能夠掌握自己的命運(yùn)。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運(yùn)擺布,行動(dòng)拖拉。既然認(rèn)為毫無辦法,他便不去尋求指點(diǎn)。樂觀主義者也許認(rèn)為自己比事實(shí)能夠證明的要強(qiáng)——有時(shí)正是這一點(diǎn)使他們充滿生機(jī)。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉?利維博士對(duì)患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進(jìn)行了研究。對(duì)那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說,兩次發(fā)病間隔的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),而這是生存下去的最好預(yù)兆。在一次對(duì)早期乳腺癌婦女的小規(guī)模試驗(yàn)性研究中,利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復(fù)發(fā)更早。

8.單選題

Thatthematerialintheadsmaynotbepertinenttotherealissuesthecandidatewillbeaddressingonceinofficeorwhattheymightdoontherealissuestheymightfaceis().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atallpoints

B.besidethepoint

C.uptoapoint

D.tothepoint

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。atallpoints“在各方面”;besidethepoint“不中肯,離題”;uptoapoint“在一定程度上”;tothepoint“中肯”。句意:廣告中的內(nèi)容可能與候選人在正式會(huì)議上要討論的真正問題無關(guān),或者與在他們可能面臨的真正問題所處理的事情也不相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

TheIndiansseelittle(

)forsuccessandbecomefrustrated,becausetheyusuallygotoinferiorschoolandoftencannotadjusttolifeinthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instinct

B.proposition

C.priority

D.prospect

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“直覺”;B選項(xiàng)“命題,主題”;C選項(xiàng)“優(yōu)先權(quán)”;D選項(xiàng)“前途,預(yù)期”。句意:印第安人似乎只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)對(duì)成功()而且變得沮喪,因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔHソ虒W(xué)質(zhì)量不好的學(xué)校而且不能適應(yīng)城市生活。從關(guān)鍵詞gotoinferiorschoolandoftencannotadjusttolifeinthecity可知,印第安人成功希望不是很大,所以答案選D。

10.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost(

)duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查形近形容詞詞義辨析。plausible“貌似可行的,似乎合理的”;patriotic“愛國(guó)的”;primitive“原始的”;partial“偏愛的,局部的”。根據(jù)句意“美國(guó)資本主義帶來發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力創(chuàng)造了財(cái)富”,所以使得在人們看來美國(guó)夢(mèng)是可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow________muchoftheirfood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliver

B.import

C.produce

D.develop

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deliver“交付,遞送”;import“輸入,進(jìn)口”;produce“生產(chǎn),引起”;develop“發(fā)展,進(jìn)步”。句意:由于島上的土壤多年來一直貧瘠,當(dāng)?shù)厝爽F(xiàn)在必須進(jìn)口大多數(shù)食物。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Havingpublishedmorethanadozenpapersinsomefirst-ratejournals,sheisheldinhigh()byhercolleagues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.esteem

B.evaluation

C.estate

D.ego

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。esteem尊重,尊敬;evaluation評(píng)價(jià);estate財(cái)產(chǎn);ego自負(fù)。句意:她在一些一流的刊物上發(fā)表了十多篇論文,深受同事們的尊敬。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Please()yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplaces,sincethelawforbidsthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrain

B.hinder

C.restrict

D.prohibit

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restrain“控制,約束”;B選項(xiàng)hinder“阻礙,打擾”;C選項(xiàng)restrict“限制,約束”;D選項(xiàng)prohibit“阻止,禁止”。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是說控制自己不要抽煙,對(duì)自身的控制和管理應(yīng)使用restrain,而restrict多指限制在一定的范圍內(nèi)。所以選項(xiàng)A最為恰當(dāng)。

14.單選題

Thegovernmentclaimedthatitwasaccidental,butthehollowand(

)excusecouldnotconvincethepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feeble

B.deliberate

C.fluent

D.delicate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。feeble“牽強(qiáng)的;不太可信的”;deliberate“深思熟慮的;故意的”;fluent“流暢的,流利的”;delicate“精美的;易碎的”。句意:政府聲稱那是意外,但是空洞而又牽強(qiáng)的借口無法說服公眾。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Inthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,asEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIandinstitutedausterity(緊縮)programstoreducetheirimports.Theresultwasasharpdropinfarmprices.Thisperiodwasmoredisastrousforfarmersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefarmerswerenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.Thepricesoftheitemsfarmersboughtremainedconstant,whilepricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsweremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929andextendedthroughoutthe1939s.

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFarmBoardwasorganized.Itestablishedtheprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand,anditrepresentedthefirstnationalcommitmenttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityforfarmers.

PresidentHoover’ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportancetothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheAgriculturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbyCongress.ThislawgavetheSecretaryofAgriculturethepowertoreduceproductionthroughvoluntaryagreementswithfarmerswhowerepaidtotaketheirlandoutofuse.Adeliberatescarcityoffarmproductswasplannedinanefforttoraiseprices.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeCourtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayonespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedimmediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandprovidingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheprincipleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationbelievedthatrebuildingthenation’ssoilwasinthenationalinterestandwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofarmerssothattheycouldbuyfarmmachinery,hybrid(雜交)grain,andfertilizers.

1.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?

2.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.

3.TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.

4.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.

5.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.

B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.

C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.

D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toincreasefarmproduction

B.toestablishagriculturallaws

C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankrupt

D.topromotethemechanizationofagriculture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducetheirscaleofproduction

B.makefulluseoftheirland

C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproducts

D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproduction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproducts

B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpower

C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmers

D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reducingthecostoffarming

B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenation

C.loweringtheburdenoffarmers

D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandforAmericanfarmproducts?是什么導(dǎo)致了對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求的下降?

A.TheimpactoftheGreatDepression.A.大蕭條的影響。

B.Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.B.海外市場(chǎng)的萎縮。

C.ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.C.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞。

D.TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.D.歐洲國(guó)家出口的增加。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第一句“20世紀(jì)20年代,隨著歐洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù),并開始實(shí)施緊縮計(jì)劃以減少進(jìn)口,對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求下降。(demandforAmericanfarmproductsfell)?!庇纱丝芍?dú)W洲國(guó)家減少了進(jìn)口,可推斷海外市場(chǎng)變得萎縮。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“大蕭條的影響?!?,大蕭條使得美國(guó)對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降更嚴(yán)重,而不是導(dǎo)致美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降的原因,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

C選項(xiàng)“第一次世界大戰(zhàn)造成的破壞?!?,文中提到“歐洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)和制定緊縮計(jì)劃減少進(jìn)口”,是歐洲國(guó)家開始在一戰(zhàn)后進(jìn)行恢復(fù)導(dǎo)致他們進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品減少,而不是一戰(zhàn)造成的破壞使美國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;

D選項(xiàng)“歐洲國(guó)家出口的增加?!保闹刑岬健皻W洲國(guó)家開始從第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中恢復(fù)和制定緊縮計(jì)劃減少進(jìn)口”歐洲國(guó)家減少了進(jìn)口,但是文中沒有說歐洲國(guó)家增加出口,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofagricultureinthe1920swas____.20世紀(jì)20年代,美國(guó)政府在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域最關(guān)心的是____。

A.toincreasefarmproductionA.增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)

B.toestablishagriculturallawsB.制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律

C.topreventfarmersfromgoingbankruptC.防止農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)

D.topromotethemechanizationofagricultureD.推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“它確立了直接干預(yù)供求關(guān)系的原則(theprincipleofdirectinterferencewithsupplyanddemand),并代表了第一個(gè)為農(nóng)民提供更大經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的國(guó)家承諾?!庇纱丝赏茢嗾扇≈苯痈深A(yù)農(nóng)業(yè)供求矛盾,原則上為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性,即預(yù)防農(nóng)民破產(chǎn)。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)”,根據(jù)文章可知,這段時(shí)期農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求下降,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格下降,因此政府不可能要增加農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“制定農(nóng)業(yè)法律”,政府制定法律的目的是為農(nóng)民提供更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性的國(guó)家承諾,保護(hù)他們不破產(chǎn),該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

D選項(xiàng)“推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化”,文章第一段提到“這一時(shí)期對(duì)農(nóng)民來說比以前更糟糕,因?yàn)檗r(nóng)民不再自給自足。他們購(gòu)買機(jī)器、種子和肥料,也購(gòu)買消費(fèi)品。農(nóng)民購(gòu)買的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格保持不變,而他們收到的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格卻下降了?!?,也就是說他們購(gòu)買的機(jī)器價(jià)格不變但是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格下降,因此政府不會(huì)推行農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheAgriculturalAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanfarmersto____.農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案鼓勵(lì)美國(guó)農(nóng)民____。

A.reducetheirscaleofproductionA.減少他們的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模

B.makefulluseoftheirlandB.充分利用他們的土地

C.adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsC.調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格

D.beself-sufficientinagriculturalproductionD.農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段“這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)通過與農(nóng)民自愿達(dá)成協(xié)議來減少產(chǎn)量的權(quán)力,這些農(nóng)民收取費(fèi)用讓他們停止使用自己的土地(taketheirlandoutofuse)?!庇纱丝芍摲ò笢p少農(nóng)民的權(quán)力,讓他們停止使用自己的土地,由此可推斷該法案讓農(nóng)民減少生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“充分利用他們的土地”,文章沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格”,文中提到“故意造成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺是為了提高價(jià)格。”指的是通過農(nóng)民減少產(chǎn)量導(dǎo)致價(jià)格上升,而不是農(nóng)民自己調(diào)整農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;

D選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足”,文章沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActbecauseitbelievedthattheAct____.大法院駁回了農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法案,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為該法案____。

A.mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsA.可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺

B.didn’tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowerB.沒有給農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)足夠的權(quán)力

C.wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefarmersC.對(duì)政府和農(nóng)民都沒有好處

D.benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothersD.以犧牲他人為代價(jià)使一部分公民受益

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律違憲,理由是征收一般稅是為了支付給一個(gè)特殊群體?!币约啊傲_斯福政府認(rèn)為,重建國(guó)家的土地符合國(guó)家利益,而不僅僅是犧牲其他公民的利益來幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃(wasnotsimplyaplantohelpfarmersattheexpenseofothercitizens)?!庇纱丝芍摲ò甘轻槍?duì)一部分人的,犧牲其他公民利益來幫助農(nóng)民,因此推斷是犧牲他人使一部分公民受益。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品短缺”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“沒有給農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)足夠的權(quán)力”,文中提及“這項(xiàng)法律賦予農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)通過與農(nóng)民自愿達(dá)成協(xié)議來減少產(chǎn)量的權(quán)力”,說明農(nóng)業(yè)部長(zhǎng)有足夠的權(quán)力,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)政府和農(nóng)民都沒有好處”,文中提及“羅斯福政府認(rèn)為,重建國(guó)家的土地符合國(guó)家利益,而不僅僅是犧牲其他公民的利益來幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃?!?,說明該法案對(duì)農(nóng)民是有好處的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRooseveltAdministrationwereaimedat____.據(jù)稱,羅斯福政府時(shí)期通過的新法律旨在____。

A.reducingthecostoffarmingA.降低農(nóng)業(yè)成本

B.conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenationB.從國(guó)家長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益出發(fā),保護(hù)土壤

C.loweringtheburdenoffarmersC.減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)

D.helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoothertaxpayersD.幫助農(nóng)民而不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“然而,新的法律立即通過,達(dá)到了同樣的結(jié)果,休養(yǎng)土壤和提供防洪措施,但這些是基于土壤保護(hù)的原則(basedontheprincipleofsoilconservation)。”由此可知新法律旨在保護(hù)土壤,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“降低農(nóng)業(yè)成本”,文章沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“幫助農(nóng)民而不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人”可以定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“羅斯福政府相信重建國(guó)家的土地符合國(guó)家利益,而不僅僅是以犧牲其他公民為代價(jià)幫助農(nóng)民的計(jì)劃?!笨芍_斯福政府時(shí)期通過的新法律確實(shí)將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)接給其他納稅人了,所以文章在第三段第五句才提到“最高法院宣布這項(xiàng)法律違憲,理由是征收一般稅是為了支付給一個(gè)特殊群體。”,D選項(xiàng)中的“不將負(fù)擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給其他納稅人”和原文相悖,屬于反向干擾。

16.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpeopleareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis(

).

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto(

).

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAgeofReason

B.TheNeedforIndependentThinking

C.TheValueofRefutation

D.StirringPeople’sMinds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfullyrational

C.determinedoncontroversy

D.havingaclosedmind

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes

B.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

C.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers

D.Excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章由問句導(dǎo)入引出文章主題“思考者的首要職責(zé)是跟隨自己的思維能力達(dá)成其可能帶來的結(jié)論,沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的人不可能是一位偉大的思考者”,然后指出“思考者需要獨(dú)立思考”的觀點(diǎn)以及后續(xù)段落圍繞“獨(dú)立思考的重要性”進(jìn)行論述,可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)獨(dú)立思考的需要”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“理性時(shí)代”,文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn),這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處,屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“反駁的價(jià)值”,文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn),這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處,屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)人心的人們的思想”,文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn),這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處,屬于以偏概全。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到文章第二段第一二三句話Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.(只知道自己一方(觀點(diǎn))的人對(duì)這個(gè)知之甚少。她的(辯護(hù))理由也許很好,沒人能反駁。但是如果她同樣不能反駁對(duì)方的理由;如果她連它們(對(duì)方的論點(diǎn))是什么都不知道,她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)),由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“要熟悉贊成某人不同意的觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)”。

A選項(xiàng)“有無法反駁的觀點(diǎn)”,見正確答案解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“選擇自己最喜歡的觀點(diǎn)”,見正確答案解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“暫停異端的推測(cè),支持教條主義的方法”,定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.(任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止,在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的,在任何討論中,那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的,我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng),這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因),停止了異端猜測(cè)反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致思想停滯不前,這里屬于反向干擾,不選。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.(任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止,在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的,在任何討論中,那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的,我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng),這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因),從這里可知是異端猜測(cè)暫停會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們進(jìn)入不了偉大的時(shí)代,也就是說異端學(xué)說活躍才導(dǎo)致思想活躍才會(huì)把人們帶入到偉大時(shí)代,而文藝復(fù)興是思想活躍的時(shí)期,所以我們會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)議原則”。

A選項(xiàng)“接受真理”,文中沒有提及屬于無中生有,所以不選。

C選項(xiàng)“過度的熱情”,文中沒有提及屬于無中生有,所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)異端猜測(cè)的恐懼”,見正確解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。C選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及屬于無中生有,所以答案選C;

A選項(xiàng)“被傳統(tǒng)奴役”定位到第二段第四句Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.(對(duì)她來說,理性的立場(chǎng)是停止判斷,除非她滿足于這一點(diǎn),否則她要么被權(quán)威人士所左右,要么像世界上大多數(shù)人一樣,站在她覺得最傾向的一邊),由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確;

B選項(xiàng)“不完全理性”,定位到第二段第三句話…ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeither(……如果她連它們是什么都不知道,她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)),由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確;

D選項(xiàng)“封閉的思想”,定位到第二段第六句Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.(這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法,也不是讓它們與她的思想真正接觸的方法),從這里作者委婉地表達(dá)出像題干那樣做的人思想是封閉的,并沒有真正的接觸到反方思想,由此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.(任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止,在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的,在任何討論中,那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的,我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng),這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因),第二步,綜合理解,從這里可知那些沒有異端邪說的時(shí)代很難孕育出偉大的思想,反推就是偉大的時(shí)代存在異端學(xué)說,所以B選項(xiàng)正確;

A選項(xiàng)“真正偉大的思想家是不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的”定位到第一段第二句Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.(即使一個(gè)經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備,自己思考的人犯錯(cuò)誤,也比那些僅僅因?yàn)椴蛔屪约核伎级钟姓_意見的人更能獲得真理),思想家不是不犯錯(cuò)誤是那些經(jīng)過自己思考的人即使想錯(cuò)了也比那些不經(jīng)思考的更能夠成為思想家的,由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)已被接受的觀點(diǎn)的反駁最好由自己的老師提供”,定位到第二段第五句話Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.(她也不應(yīng)該僅僅從她自己的老師那里聽到對(duì)手的論點(diǎn),就像他們陳述的那樣,并伴隨著他們提出的反駁。),作者并不贊同被動(dòng)地從老師那接受思想并且附和老師觀點(diǎn),這樣思想是得不到提高的,由此可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“過多的爭(zhēng)論會(huì)妨礙清晰的思考”,定位到第一段最后一句話Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.(當(dāng)爭(zhēng)論回避那些足以點(diǎn)燃人們熱情的大而重要的課題時(shí),一個(gè)民族的思想就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)從它的基礎(chǔ)和沖動(dòng)中被激發(fā)出來,這種沖動(dòng)甚至把最普通的智力的人提高到有思想的人的尊嚴(yán)的程度),要想民族的思想激發(fā)出來就不能回避爭(zhēng)論,由此可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤,屬于反向干擾。

17.單選題

Theyagreedtoleavethehillandtoremovethe()homesonSunday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flowing

B.mobile

C.unstable

D.drifting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。mobilehome“活動(dòng)房屋”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,(

)havebeenmentionedin

previouspages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afewofit

B.afewofthat

C.afewofthem

D.afewofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句的用法。此處為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是chemicalreactions,所以應(yīng)該用which引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

()elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cultivated“有教養(yǎng)的,栽培的”;regulated“約束,調(diào)節(jié)”;civil“有禮貌的”;tame“馴服的,乏味的”。句意:被馴服的大象與野生大象在許多方面有差異,包括性格。由wild可知此空應(yīng)填與之意思相反的單詞,故D項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Paperbacknovelsinthe1940’sand1950’softenhad

coverstoattractreaders’attention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.murky

B.lurid

C.legitimate

D.pale

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:20世紀(jì)40年代和50年代的平裝小說經(jīng)常有駭人聽聞的封面,以吸引讀者注意力。因此選B。

21.單選題

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat(

).

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

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