考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thepopularbookwas（

）byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Compose“構(gòu)成；寫作”；comprise“包含，由……組成”；conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思”；compile“編譯，編制”。句意：這本頗受歡迎的書是由專家小組編制而成，與出版社互相協(xié)調(diào)而成的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,which-includestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromdearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheHawaiiannatives?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

4.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

5.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

C.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

D.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

B.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.TheKaLahuigroup.

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

B.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

C.theKaLahui

D.peopleofFilipinoorigin

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“worsethan”可以定位到文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（這些島嶼在1898年被美國吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都過得更糟糕。），說明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起來生活更糟糕。因此B選項(xiàng)“他們的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正確。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless（他們占該州無家可歸者的60%以上），說明超過60％的夏威夷土著人無家可歸，但其中并不包括失業(yè)的人數(shù)，所以A選項(xiàng)“他們中有60%的人無家可歸或失業(yè)”錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.（他們是美國唯一沒有某種程度自治權(quán)的主要原住民群體。），指的是主要原住民群體，所以C選項(xiàng)“他們是唯一沒有主權(quán)的土著群體”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ifespan”可以定位到第二段第二句andtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians（壽命比夏威夷人的平均壽命短5年），指的是比夏威夷人的壽命短，而不是一般的美國人，所以D選項(xiàng)“他們的壽命比一般美國人短5年”錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“JohnWaihee”可以定位到文章第三段，前半部分說到asovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee（夏威夷第一任土著州長約翰?韋希建立的一個(gè)主權(quán)咨詢委員會(huì)），說明JohnWaihee是夏威夷第一任土著州長，由他成立了主權(quán)咨詢委員會(huì)，所以B選項(xiàng)“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州長”和C選項(xiàng)“他成立了一個(gè)主權(quán)咨詢委員會(huì)”表述正確。后半部分說到hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.（建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否重新建立一個(gè)擁有主權(quán)的夏威夷國家，從而極大地推動(dòng)了土著人的事業(yè)。），說明JohnWaihee建議由夏威夷土著人自己決定是否建立主權(quán)國家，所以D選項(xiàng)“他建議土著人自己決定”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“他正在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)氐莫?dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)”在文中沒有提及，因此本題選A。

第3題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)essradical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.（這一立場得到了夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年，是一個(gè)代表原住民利益的國家機(jī)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為原住民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的溫和代言人。），說明夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室在主權(quán)問題上的態(tài)度是溫和、不激進(jìn)的，題干中的lessradical和原文中的moderate對應(yīng)。因此C選項(xiàng)“夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室”正確。A選項(xiàng)“美國印第安土著人”，B選項(xiàng)“卡拉會(huì)群體”，D選項(xiàng)“夏威夷土著人”，文中都表明了他們希望享有更大的自治權(quán)，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“greaterautonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate（有些人只是想在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)），所以A選項(xiàng)“在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除A。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.（他們還希望政府接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)。），所以C選項(xiàng)“對夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除C。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“fullindependence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.（更有野心的是卡拉會(huì)群體，該群體于1987年宣布自己是一個(gè)新國家，并希望完全、正式地從美國獨(dú)立出來。），所以D此處“完全獨(dú)立于美國”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除D。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.（他們還希望政府接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷王室土地的所有權(quán)。正是在這個(gè)問題上，土著群體面臨著來自國家當(dāng)局的最大反對。1993年，州政府向OHA支付了1.36億美元的王室土地欠租，許多官員表示，接受這筆款項(xiàng)后，OHA就放棄了對土地的合法所有權(quán)。），說明夏威夷土著人要求的是對王室土地的所有權(quán)，而不是更多的欠租。因此B選項(xiàng)“更多的王室土地欠租”不符合夏威夷土著人的要求，本題選B。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nativeminority”可以定位到文章第二段第一句sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都過得更糟糕。），說明“Hawaii’snativeminority”指的是夏威夷本地的一個(gè)少數(shù)民族。因此B選項(xiàng)“夏威夷的族群”正確。A選項(xiàng)“有50%夏威夷血統(tǒng)的人”，C選項(xiàng)“卡拉會(huì)群體”，D選項(xiàng)“菲律賓裔人”均不能完整概括夏威夷土著民族的含義，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.單選題

Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavoraffiliatedwebsitesovertheirrivals'.That'swhytherehasbeensuchastrongdemandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersandlosersonline,preservingthefreedomandinnovationthathavebeenthelifebloodoftheInternet.

Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofill—inpartbecauseofpushbackfrombroadbandproviders,anti-regulatoryconservativesandthecourts.AfederalappealscourtweighedinagainTuesday,butinsteadofprovidingabadlyneededresolution,itonlyprolongedthefight.

AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitwasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)onnetneutrality,adoptedonaparty-linevotein2017.TheRepublican-pennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnetneutralityrulestheFCChadadoptedwhenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015,butrejectedthecommission'sauthoritytorequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanything.Theorderalsodeclaredthatstateandlocalgovernmentscouldn'tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.

Thecommissionarguedthatotheragencieswouldprotectagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV.YettheFCCalsoendedtheinvestigationsofbroadbandprovidersthatimposeddatacapsontheirrivals'streamingservicesbutnottheirown.

OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulatingbroadbandproviders,citingaSupremeCourtrulingfrom2005thatupheldasimilarlyderegulatorymove.ButJudgePatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat“theresultisunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice,”andsaidCongressortheSupremeCourtcouldinterveneto“avoidtrappingInternetregulationintechnologicalanachronism.”

Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC'sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality,whilepreservingthecommission'spowertopreemptindividualstatelawsthatundermineitsorder.ThatmeansmorebattlesliketheonenowgoingonbetweentheJusticeDepartmentandCalifornia,whichenactedatoughnetneutralitylawinthewakeoftheFCC'sabdication.

Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forthattheFCCcryoutforCongresstoact.Itneedstogivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline.

1.Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandprovideswould（

）.

2.Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFCC（

）.

3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3?

4.JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt'sdecision

（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol

B.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork

C.showpartialityintreatingclients

D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.stickstoanout-of-dateorder

B.takesananti-regulatorystance

C.hasissuedaspecialresolution

D.hasallowedthestatestointervene

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition.

B.Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.

C.ItisundertheFCC'sinvestigation.

D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.focusesontrivialities

B.conveysanambiguousmessage

C.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings

D.isoutoftouchwithreality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.

B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision.

C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices.

D.Broadbandproviders'rightsshouldbeprotected.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

4.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptionsinthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.

Myfavoritequotationisthesentenceabove,writtenbyDisraeli.Ithashelpedmethroughmanyapainfulexperience.Oftenweallowourselvestobeupsetsmallthingsweshoulddespiseandforget.Perhapssomemanwehelpedhasprovedungrateful...somewomanwebelievedtobeafriendhasspokenillofus...somerewardwethoughtwedeservedhasbeendeniedus.Wefeelsuchearthdisappointmentsostronglythatwecannolongerworkorsleep.But,isn’tthatabsurd?Hereweareonthisearth,withonlyafewmoredecadestolive,andwelosemanyirreplaceablehoursbroodingovergrievancesthat,inayear’stime,willbeforgottenbyusandbyeverybody.No,letusdevoteourlifetoworthwhileactionsandfeelings,togreatthoughts,realaffectionsandenduringundertakings.Forlifeistooshorttobelittle.

【答案】從心理上講，人到老年有兩種危險(xiǎn)需要防范。一種是對過去的過度吸收。不能活在回憶中，活在對過去美好時(shí)光的悔恨中，活在對死去的朋友的悲傷中。人的思想必須指向未來，指向未來需要完成的事情。這并不總是容易的。一個(gè)人的過去是一份不斷加重的負(fù)擔(dān)，人們?nèi)菀渍J(rèn)為自己過去的情感比現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)烈，過去的頭腦比現(xiàn)在敏銳。如果這是真的，就應(yīng)該忘記它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它將不是事實(shí)。

我最喜歡的引語就是上面這句由迪斯雷利寫的話。它幫助我度過了許多痛苦的經(jīng)歷。我們通常讓自己為一些我們本應(yīng)不屑一顧，拋諸腦后的小事苦惱?？赡苁俏覀儙椭^的某人忘恩負(fù)義……那些我們以為是朋友的某女士在背后詆毀我們……沒能得到我們自認(rèn)為應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)賞。我們對這些事情感到極度失望，以至于難以工作和睡覺。但是，這不是很荒唐嗎？我們在這個(gè)地球上，只有幾十年生命，可是卻浪費(fèi)了許多一去不復(fù)返的時(shí)間去沉思那些在一年之內(nèi)自己與別人都會(huì)忘懷的冤屈。不！讓我們把生命奉獻(xiàn)給有價(jià)值的行為和感情，奉獻(xiàn)給偉大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事業(yè)。因?yàn)樯蹋荒鼙滑嵤碌⒄`。

5.單選題

GreatBritainandFrancewillholda（）regardingsomeEuropeaneconomicproblems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conference

B.reference

C.conversion

D.cooperation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conference“會(huì)議，討論，協(xié)商”；B選項(xiàng)reference“參考，涉及”；C選項(xiàng)conversion“轉(zhuǎn)換”；D選項(xiàng)cooperation“合作”。句意：英國和法國將就一些歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)問題舉行會(huì)議。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

6.單選題

Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestiondiscussion（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.under

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他剛才說的話和正在討論的問題關(guān)系不大。

考查固定搭配。Underdiscussion在討論中。

7.單選題

TheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyofVaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweaktocauseillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.

That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccinesasahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmostresponsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus(HPV;人乳頭瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.

Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferentmater.Foronething,it’smuchmoredifficulttodetermineaperson’schanceofdevelopingaparticulartypeofcancerthanitistodeterminethelikelihoodofbeingexposedto,say,theinfluenzavirusorchickenpox.Whatpassesfor“exposure”inthecaseofnonviralcancersisacombinationofgenesandenvironmentandarangeofotherXfactorsthatcanvaryfrompersontoperson.Howdoyouvaccinateagainstyourfamilylegacyofbreastcanceroryourconstantexposuretosecondhandcigarettesmoke?

Butthatdoesn’tmeantheimmunesystemcan’tbeexploitedinadifferentway.Cancervaccineswouldideallybeusedinpatientswhosediseasehasalreadybeendiagnosedandtreatedwithsurgery,chemotherapyorradiation.Theywouldthenbeimmunizedasawaytopreventthecancerfromcomingbackandspreading.Suchmetastasesareactuallytheleadingcauseofdeathfromcancer.“Thecharmofworkingwiththeimmunesystemisthatwecanusethebody’sowndefensemechanismstopossiblygettothatlastcancercelloratleastcreateasurveillancesystemthatkeepsthatcancerundercontrol,”saysanoncologist.

1.Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?

4.Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?

5.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theevolutionofvaccination

B.themechanismofvaccination

C.thesignificanceofvaccination

D.thepopularizationofvaccination

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancer

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapies

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastases

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinreality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（）.第一段是為了描述____。

A.theevolutionofvaccinationA.疫苗的發(fā)展

B.themechanismofvaccinationB.疫苗接種機(jī)制

C.thesignificanceofvaccinationC.接種疫苗的意義

D.thepopularizationofvaccinationD.疫苗接種的普及

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞firstparagraph與題干信息可定位至原文第一段第一句“預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)中，沒有比疫苗注射策略更好的例子了”，推斷第一段主要是向我們介紹疫苗注射后是如何起作用的，所以B選項(xiàng)“疫苗接種機(jī)制”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“疫苗的發(fā)展”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“接種疫苗的意義”文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“疫苗接種的普及”屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?關(guān)于癌癥疫苗，下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的？

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.A.它們既具有治療作用又具有預(yù)防作用。

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.B.宮頸癌疫苗對肝癌也有效。

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.C.疫苗可以替代癌癥的其他治療方式。

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.D.它們嚴(yán)格遵循傳統(tǒng)的疫苗接種機(jī)制。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為癌癥疫苗是治療和預(yù)防的結(jié)合”，由此句可知A選項(xiàng)“它們既具有治療作用又具有預(yù)防作用”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“宮頸癌疫苗對肝癌也有效?！?，文中提到“這兩種疫苗都是為了對抗引起疾病的主要病毒，而不是針對癌癥”，所以該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“疫苗可以替代癌癥的其他治療方式?！?，與原文意思不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“它們嚴(yán)格遵循傳統(tǒng)的疫苗接種機(jī)制?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?根據(jù)文章，為什么使用疫苗來預(yù)防非病毒性癌癥如此困難？

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.A.因?yàn)樘嗟囊蛩厥沟煤茈y確定主要的原因。

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.B.因?yàn)榛蚪M成在癌癥發(fā)展中起著主導(dǎo)作用。

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.C.因?yàn)殚_發(fā)這種疫苗需要巨大的投資。

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.D.因?yàn)槲墨I(xiàn)對非病毒性癌癥的疫苗療效有限。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第三段最后兩句“在非病毒性癌癥中，所謂的‘接觸’是基因、環(huán)境和一系列因人而異的其他未知因素的結(jié)合。試問你如何接種疫苗來預(yù)防你的家族遺傳性乳腺癌或抵制長期接觸的二手煙？”推斷非病毒性癌癥致病的因素是一系列綜合因素，無法通過接種疫苗來免疫。所以A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樘嗟囊蛩厥沟煤茈y確定主要的原因。”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榛蚪M成在癌癥發(fā)展中起著主導(dǎo)作用?！?，原文中只說家族遺傳的很難用疫苗來預(yù)防，并未說其組成占主導(dǎo)地位，這里偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殚_發(fā)這種疫苗需要巨大的投資?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槲墨I(xiàn)對非病毒性癌癥的疫苗療效有限?！保闹袥]有提及屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?從上下文來看，作者說“通行證是‘接觸’”是什么意思？

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.A.在抗病毒疫苗接種和抗癌疫苗接種中的“接觸”是不同的。

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.B.癌癥疫苗的“接觸”不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何長期的影響。

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.C.當(dāng)癌癥是由基因決定的時(shí)候，“接觸”是一個(gè)無用的概念。

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.D.持續(xù)地“接觸”某些東西可能會(huì)使接觸變得無效。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“passesfor‘exposure’（通過‘接觸’所傳遞的事物）”可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段倒數(shù)第二句“在非病毒性癌癥中，所謂的‘接觸’是基因、環(huán)境和一系列因人而異的其他未知因素的組合”，再結(jié)合本段第一句“使用疫苗來預(yù)防無病人的非病毒性癌癥是完全不同的事情?！庇蛇@兩句可知A選項(xiàng)“在抗病毒疫苗接種和抗癌疫苗接種中的‘接觸’是不同的。”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“癌癥疫苗的‘接觸’不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何長期的影響?！?，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)癌癥是由基因決定的時(shí)候，‘接觸’是一個(gè)無用的概念?！?，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)地‘接觸’某些東西可能會(huì)使接觸變得無效。”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（）.從最后一段我們可以得出結(jié)論____。

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancerA.接種疫苗可以預(yù)防癌癥的發(fā)生

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapiesB.癌癥疫苗可能會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)療法

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastasesC.癌癥疫苗可以控制癌癥的復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinrealityD.接種癌癥疫苗在理論上是可能的，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)中幾乎是不可能的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)提示詞lastParagraph與題干信息可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句“理想情況下，癌癥疫苗將用于那些已經(jīng)通過手術(shù)、化療或放療進(jìn)行診斷和治療的患者。讓他們形成免疫能力，以防止癌癥復(fù)發(fā)和擴(kuò)散。”由這兩句可知C選項(xiàng)“癌癥疫苗可以控制癌癥的復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“接種疫苗可以預(yù)防癌癥的發(fā)生”，文中并沒有說接種疫苗后就不會(huì)發(fā)生癌癥，屬于過度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“癌癥疫苗可能會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)療法”，文中只是說運(yùn)用了疫苗這個(gè)方法，并沒有說取代，屬于過度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“接種癌癥疫苗在理論上是可能的，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)中幾乎是不可能的”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有。

8.翻譯題

Whileithasgraduallybeenintegratedintotheglobalsupplychain,China’smanufacturingsectorhashadtoconfrontenormouschallenges.Intermsofcapacityforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,Chinaranks28thoutof49majorcountriesaroundtheglobe.WiththatrankingChinaisnotonlybehindthedevelopedworld,butalsobehindBrazil,Indiaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Inrecentyears,withgrowingamountsofdirectforeigninvestmentandtheadventofglobalization,multinationalshavequickenedthepaceoftechnologytransfers,affordingthecountryanopportunitytolearnthelatesttechnologies.

【答案】雖然中國已經(jīng)逐漸進(jìn)入全球供應(yīng)鏈，但其制造業(yè)不得不面對巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。就科技創(chuàng)新能力而言，中國在全球49個(gè)主要國家中排名第28位。按照這樣的排名，中國不僅落后于發(fā)達(dá)國家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些發(fā)展中國家。近年來，隨著外商直接投資的增加和全球化的到來，跨國公司加快了技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓步伐，為中國提供了學(xué)習(xí)最新技術(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

9.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas“困境”；countenances“面容；表情”；concessions“讓步；特權(quán)”；junctions“連接”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處要填的名詞與eyes是并列的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有countenances能夠與eyes并列并表達(dá)出符合邏輯的句子意思。句意：人們可以通過觀察別人眼睛和……快速的反映或表情來更好的了解對方。因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

10.單選題

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑釁”；evoke“引起，喚起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，廢除”；invoke“調(diào)用，換氣”。句意：他稱那個(gè)電視節(jié)目為“會(huì)說話的壁紙”激起了憤怒。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,歸還";turnout"證明是,結(jié)果是,生產(chǎn)";turnup"出現(xiàn),發(fā)生";turnto"變成,求助于"。句意:我們計(jì)劃明年生產(chǎn)一萬臺(tái)電腦以滿足市場的需求。turnout在這里是生產(chǎn)的意思,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Afteraperiodofintroversionandstunnedself-disbelief,continentalEuropeangovernmentswillrecovertheirenthusiasmforpan-Europeaninstitution-buildingin2007.WhethertheEuropeanpublicwillwelcomeareturntowhatvotersintwocountrieshadrejectedsoshortatimebeforeisanothermatter.

ThereareseveralreasonsforEurope’srecoveringself-confidence.ForyearsEuropeaneconomieshadbeenlaggingdismallybehindAmerica(tosaynothingofAsia),butin2006thelargecontinentaleconomieshadoneoftheirbestyearsforadecade,brieflyoutstrippingAmericaintermsofgrowth.Sincepoliticsoftenreactstoeconomicchangewithalag,2006’simprovementineconomicgrowthwillhaveitsimpactin2007,thoughtherecoverymaybeebbingbythen.

Thecomingyearalsomarksaparticularpointinapoliticalcyclesoregularthatitalmostseemstoamounttoanaturallaw.Everyfourorfiveyears,Europeancountriestakealargestridetowardsfurtherintegrationbysigninganewtreaty:theMaastrichttreatyin1992,theTreatyofAmsterdamin1997,theTreatyofNicein2001.Andin2005theyweresupposedtoratifyaEuropeanconstitution,layingthegroundforyetmoreintegration—untilthecalmrhythmwasrudelyshatteredbyFrenchandDutchvoters.Butthepoliticalimpetustosignsomethingeveryfourorfiveyearshasonlybeeninterrupted,notimmobilized,bythissetback.

In2007theEuropeanUnionmarksthe50thanniversaryofanothertreaty—theTreatyofRome,itsfoundingcharter.Governmentleadershavealreadyagreedtocelebrateitceremoniously,restatingtheircommitmentto“evercloserunion”andthebasicidealsofEuropeanunity.Byitself,andinnormalcircumstances,theEU’s50th-birthdaygreetingtoitselfwouldbefairlymeaningless,aroutineexpressionofEuropeangoodfellowship.ButitdoesnottakeaMachiavellitospotthatoncegovernmentshavesignedthedeclaration(anditseemsunlikelyanyonewouldbesouncollegiateastovetoit)theywillalreadybehalfwaytowardscommittingthemselvestoanewtreaty.Allthatwillbenecessarywillbetoincorporatethe50th-anniversarydeclarationintoanewtreatycontaininganumberofinstitutionalandotherreformsextractedfromthefailedattemptatconstitution-buildingand—heypresto—anewquasi-constitutionwillbeready.

AccordingtotheGermangovernment—whichholdstheEU’sagenda-settingpresidencyduringthefirsthalfof2007—therewillbeanewdraftofaslimmed-downconstitutionreadybythemiddleoftheyear,perhapstoputtovoters,perhapsnot.Therewouldthenbeacoupleofyearsinwhichitwillbediscussed,approvedbyparliamentsand,perhaps,puttovotersifthatisdeemedunavoidable.Then,accordingtobureaucraticplannersinBrusselsandBerlin,blithelyignoringthepossibilityofpublicrejection,thewholethingwillbesigned,sealedandanewconstitutiondeliveredin2009-10.Europewillbenicelybackonschedule.Itsfour-to-five-yearcycleofintegrationwillhavemissedonlyonebeat.

TheresurrectionoftheEuropeanconstitutionwillbemademorelikelyin2007becauseofwhatishappeninginnationalcapitals.TheEuropeanUnionisnotreallyanautonomousorganization.Ifitfunctions,itisbecausetheleadersofthebigcontinentalcountrieswantitto,reckoningthatanactiveEuropeanpolicywillhelpthemgetdonewhattheywanttodointheirowncountries.

Thatdidnothappenin2005-2006.Defensive,cynicalandself-destructive,theleadersofthethreelargesteuro-zonecountries—France,ItalyandGermany—werestumblingtowardstheirunlamentedends.TheysawnoreasontopursueanysortofEuropeanpolicyandtheEU,asaresult,barelyfunctioned.Butbythemiddleof2007allthreewillhavegone,andthisfactalonewilltransformtheEuropeanpoliticallandscape.

Theupshotisthatthepoliticsofthethreelargecontinentalcountries,bureaucraticmomentumandtheeconomicsofrecoverywillallbealignedtogiveapushtowardsintegrationin2007.Thatdoesnotmeanthemomentumwillbeirresistibleorevenpopular.TheBritishgovernment,forone,willalmostcertainlynotwanttogowiththeflow,beginningyetanotherchapterinthelonghistoryofconfrontationbetweenBritainandtherestofEurope.Moreimportant,thevoterswillwantasay.Theyrejectedtheconstitutionin2005.Itwouldbefoolishtoassumethe