考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析

考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析xxx公司考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析Unit1PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Text1It’splaincommonsenseDthemorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.Butwhenresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserable,butprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.PsychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeelingDhappinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhavealsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’tandwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn’tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.WhyisunhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironmentWhenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatsomepeopleareborntobesadandthat’sthat.Genesmaypredisposeonetounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.Youcanincreaseyourhappinessthroughyourownactions.1.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat［A］unhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.［B］happinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.［C］unhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternalfactors.［D］happinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.2.Theauthorarguesthatonecanachievehappinessby［A］maintainingitatanaveragelevel.［B］escapingmiserableoccurrencesinlife.［C］pursuingitwithone’spainstakingeffort.［D］realizingitscoexistencewithunhappiness.3.Thephrase“Todate”canbebestreplacedby［A］Asaresult.［B］Inaddition.［C］Atpresent.［D］Untilnow.4.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorbelievesabouthappinessandunhappiness?［A］Onefeelsunhappyowingtohismiserableorigin.［B］Theyareindependentbutexistingconcurrently［C］Onefeelshappybyparticipatinginmoreactivities.［D］Theyareactionsandattitudestakenbyhumanbeings.5.Thesentence“That’sthat”(Par.5)probablymeans:Somepeopleareborntobesad［A］andthesituationcannotbealtered.［B］andhappinessremainsinaccessible.［C］buttheydon’tthinkmuchaboutit.［D］buttheyremainunconsciousofit.Text2Thelegallimitfordrivingafterdrinkingalcoholis80milligramsofalcoholin100millilitresofblood,whentested.Butthereisnosurewayoftellinghowmuchyoucandrinkbeforeyoureachthislimit.Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweight,yoursex,ifyou’vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou’vehad.Somepeoplemightreachtheirlimitafteronlyaboutthreestandarddrinks.Infact,yourdrivingabilitycanbeaffectedbyjustoneortwodrinks.Evenifyou’rebelowthelegallimit,youcouldstillbetakentocourtifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol.Ittakesaboutanhourforthebodytogetridofthealcoholinonestandarddrink.So,ifyouhaveaheavydrinkingintheeveningyoumightfindthatyourdrivingabilityisstillaffectedthenextmorning,oryoucouldevenfindthatyou’restilloverthelegallimit.Inaddition,ifyou’vehadafewdrinksatlunchtime,anotheroneortwodrinksintheearlyeveningmaywellputyouoverthelegallimit.Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmovableposts...andthelessabletheyweretodoit!Sotheonlywaytobesureyou’resafeisnottodrinkatall.Alcoholisamajorcauseofroadtrafficaccidents.Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.Morethanhalfofthepeoplestoppedbythepolicetotakeabreathtesthaveabloodalcoholconcentrationofmorethantwicethelegallimit.Itisimportanttorememberthatdrivingafteryou’vebeendrinkingdoesn’tjustaffectyou.Ifyou’reinvolvedinanaccidentitaffectsalotofotherpeopleaswell,notleastthepersonyoumightkillorinjure.6.Theamountofalcoholadrivercandrinkwithinthelegallimitis［A］about80mgofpurealcohol.［B］aboutthreestandarddrinks.［C］inproportiontohisweight.［D］varyingwithdifferentpeople.7.Youmightbeaccusedofdrunkdrivingwhen［A］youdriveuponhavingsomedrinks.［B］youbecomeahelplessalcoholaddict.［C］yourdrivingisfoundabnormalfordrinking.［D］youralcoholpercentagefailsthetest.8.Atestshowedthatdrunkenprofessionaldriverscould［A］havegreaterconfidencethansoberones.［B］moveawayasetofpostsonthetestground.［C］failinthetestdespitetheirself-affirmation.［D］serveasalarmingexamplestopotentialdrivers.9.Alcoholisthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidentsbecause［A］morethan30%roadcasualtiesaredrinkdrivers.［B］drinkingaffectspeople’smindandemotion.［C］aboutone-thirddriversareusedtodrinking.［D］youngdriversarefamiliaramongtrafficvictims.10.Aboutdrinkdriving,theauthorwarnsyouofthefactthatyou［A］maybetakentocourtbythepolice.［B］areputtingyourselfindanger.［C］mayhurtorkillanotherdriver.［D］aresettingotherpeopleatrisk.Text3Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativeforthemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition;everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage(origin),religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnant(unchanging)societymayresult.11.Themainpurposeofthetextisto［A］interprettheessenceofgeneraleconomics.［B］comparebarterandcash-exchangemarkets.［C］outlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.［D］argueforthesuperiorityofacertaineconomy.12.Theword“real”in“realgoods”couldbestbereplacedby［A］genuine.［B］concrete.［C］durable.［D］practical.13.Accordingtothetext,abartereconomymayleadto［A］unfairtransaction.［B］directconflicts.［C］gradualdeflation.［D］tradingtroubles.14.Inanadministeredsystem,businessactivitiesareunderthedirectionof［A］majoreconomicorganizations.［B］generalpublicadvisorybody.［C］largecommercialcompanies.［D］certainofficialdepartments.15.Allofthefollowingarementionedasfactorsdeterminingone’splaceinatraditionalsocietyEXCEPT［A］familybackground.［B］ageandeducation.［C］religiousbeliefs.［D］establishedexperience.Text4It’spossiblethatwhileyouareatwork,youmaydreamaboutamonthofSundays,butyourbosswishesforaweekofTuesday.That’sbecauseshe/heprobablyknowsthatproductivityisoneofthemainfactorsbolstering(supporting)acompany’sgrowth.AndarecentpollshowsthatworkersaremostproductiveonTuesdays!Accountemps,anemploymentagency,conductedanationalsurveyofofficemanagers,whichshowsthatbythemiddleoftheweek,theyseeadramaticproductivitydecrease.WhileMondayisconsideredsecondin“productivityvalue,”onlyninepercentofofficemanagersthinkWednesdayisthepeakproductivityday.FivepercentbelieveitisThursday.AndFriday,well,youcanjustimagine!However,forty-eightpercentofthemanagerspolledsaidthatTuesdayis,byfar,themostproductivedayoftheweek.Acloseanalysisofworkweekrhythmswouldturnupsomeobviousreasonsforthosesurveyresults.Firstofall,Mondayisoverloadedwithmeetings,designedto“getthingsmoving,”andeverybodyknowsmeetingsaren’tveryproductive.Wednesdayis“humpday”(駝峰日)Dgetoveritaspainlesslyaspossible,aworkerthinks,andtheweekismorethanhalfwayover.OnThursday,peoplearerunningoutofsteam;andFriday,everybody’sthinkingabouttheweekend.Therearereasonswhytheotherdaysaren’tproductive,butwhatmakesTuesdayspecial?Tuesdays,employeeshitpeakperformancebecausetheyareveryfocusedonday-to-dayactivities.Also,it’susuallythefirstdayoftheweekwhenthey’refocusedontheirowntask.They’renotinmeetingsthattakethemawayfromtheirprimaryresponsibilities.Actually,Tuesdayscanbequitehectic(fullofexcitementandwithoutrest).Workersarearrivingatworkfairlyfrantic(wildlyexcited).Andso,in10hours,they’redoing20-hourwork.That’sproductive,butit’salsotough.Thisdoesnotmeanthatnothinghappensonthelastthreedaysoftheworkweek.Thingsdonotgetsolaxthatpeoplearesittingwiththeirfeetondesks,sippingcoffeeandtalkingonthephoneallday,butthere’sadefinitelackoffocus.Thepacesoftensandtherhythmslowsdown.Andthisisnothealthy:itproducesfatigueandlowersproductivity.Topreventthismidweekslowdown,somemanagementconsultantssuggestthatemployersavoidjammingsomanymeetingsintoMondays.Workdeadlinescanberescheduledtostretchouttheworkflow.Variationsinproductivityareonlynatural,butbothworkersandbosseswinwhenthepeaksandvalleysarelessdramaticthantheyarenow.16.Accordingtothepoll,whichofthefollowingdaysismostproductive?［A］Thursday.［B］Friday.［C］Monday.［D］Wednesday.17.Thepeakproductivitydayoftheweekismarkedby［A］violentexcitementandactivity.［B］dueenthusiasmandcreativity.［C］hurriedanddisorderedmovement.［D］fullconcentrationandefficiency.18.Theword“l(fā)ax”inthelastparagraphmeans［A］usuallynegligible.［B］lackingincontrol.［C］totallydistractive.［D］worthyofrelaxing.19.Withrespecttothechangesinproductivity,thetextsuggeststhat［A］workdeadlinescanbereadjusted.［B］theyarereasonableandexpectable.［C］Mondaymeetingsmaybecalledoff.［D］theirdifferencesaretobeminimized.20.TheauthorhasexplainedallofthefollowingEXCEPT［A］thestepstakentoalterworkweekrhythms.［B］theproductivityonthe6thdayoftheweek.［C］thereasonwhymidweekslowdowntakesplace.［D］theconcernbosseshaveaboutlowproductivity.PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutmarketingstrategies.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistADFforeachnumberedparagraph(21D25).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)［A］Whichmarketingtacticmustanentitytake?［B］Qualityfirst,competitionsecond［C］Exemplifyoffensivemeasures［D］Complexfactorscauseduemarketanalysis［E］Themotiveforproceedsalsofunctions［F］StrategyvarieswithexternalconditionsTherearethreegeneralmarketingstrategiesthatanorganizationcanadopt.firstisanaggressivestrategy,characterizedbygeneratingagreatdealofpromotion,varyingprices,changingthetimesandplacesatwhichtheproducts/servicesareoffered,differentiatingtheproducts/servicesfromthoseofcompetingorganizations,hiringcreativesalespersonstopromotetheproducts/services,spendinglotsofmoneyonmarketingactivities,andsoforth.secondgeneralmarketingstrategyisaminimalone,characterizedbydoingverylittlepromotion,pricingbelowmarket,offeringservicesattraditionalplacesandtimes,spendingverylittlemoneyonpromotionandsalespersons,andsoforth.Thethirdisabalancedmarketingstrategy,anin-betweenstrategythatdiffersfromanaggressivestrategyandaminimalstrategyonlyindegree.Thesethreestrategiesareappropriatealternativesforanyorganization.However,noteveryorganizationneedsanaggressivestrategy,nordoeseveryorganizationneedabalancedstrategyoraminimalone.Thesituationfacingeachentityisobviouslydifferent,callingforananalysisofthefactorsthatdictatewhichofthethreealternativestrategiesismostsuitableforeachorganization.firstmajorfactoristhenatureofthemarketcompetitionfacingtheorganization.Ifitisinamonopolyposition,withnodirectcompetitorsinitsmarketarea,thenaminimalmarketingstrategyissuitable.However,iftheorganizationisinanoligopolymarketposition,withafewcompetitorsinitsmarketarea,thenabalancedmarketingstrategyiscalledfor.Ifthereisahighdegreeofcompetitionandseveralcompetingproducts/servicesinitsmarketarea,thiswouldsuggestanaggressivemarketingstrategy.Further,iftherearemanyotherformsofindirectcompetition,thentheorganizationshouldpursueabalancedmarketingstrategy.secondmajorfactoristhequalityoftheproducts/servicesoffered.Iftheorganizationhashigh-qualityproducts/services,aminimalmarketingstrategyiscalledfor,otherfactorsbeingequal.Ifitisinaweakmarketpositionwithlow-qualityproducts/services,aminimalmarketingstrategyshouldbepursued.Iftheproducts/servicesareofmediumquality,thiswouldsuggestabalancedstrategy.thirdmajorfactoristherevenuestrategiesthatthemanagersmaydesiretopursue.Forexample,ifthemanagerswanttomaximizetheorganization’srevenuesfromitsproducts’services,thentheorganizationshouldadoptanaggressivemarketingstrategy.Ifitwantstominimizerevenues,thenitshouldpursueaminimalstrategy.However,ifitwantstobalanceitsrevenues

DnotmaximizingandnotminimizingDthenabalancedmarketingstrategyiscalledfor.Thesefactorsmaybesummarizedandputintodecisionmodelforanadministratortouseindecidingwhichgeneralmarketingstrategyhis/herorganizationshoulduse.Oncethestrengthsandweaknessesareweightedforeachfactor,anoverallevaluationcanbecompleted,allowingtheadministratortoarriveatanoveralldecisionDthatis,whethertofollowanaggressive,balanced,orminimalgeneralmarketingstrategy.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Notlongago,technologyinthehomewascarvedupintowell-definedterritories:ThePCDcareofMicrosoft,Intel,Dell,andthelikeDpresidedoverthehomeoffice.Thetelevisionandstereowerekingandqueenofthelivingroom.Thesedays,though,thedigitalrevolutionisshakingupthatcomfortableease.(26)WiththeadventofMP3musicfiles,personalvideorecorders,gamemachines,digitalcameras,andahostofothermediaandservices,it’snolongerclearwhocontrolswhichbitofhomefloor.Andthathassetoffabattlefordominanceinhomeentertainment.Theshake-upcoversthetechnologyspectrum.MicrosoftCorp.isspendingbillionsonentertainmentinitiativessuchasitsX-boxvideogamecomfort.CompaqComputerCorp.andHewlettPackardCo.sellMP3musicplayersthatplugintohomestereosystems.PhilipsElectronicssellsastereothathooksintoahigh-speedInternetconnectiontoplaymusicfromtheWeb.

Consumersaregettingthemessage.(27)Salesofmanyofthesedevicesshouldtakeoffthisyearandnext:.shipmentsofMP3digitalmusicplayersforlisteningtosongsdownloadedfromtheNetareexpectedtojumpbymorethan50%thisyear,to7millionunits,accordingtoresearchersInternationalDataCorp.Salesofpersonalvideorecorders,suchasTiVo,whichletyourecordTVshowsforlaterviewing,shouldnearlytriplethisyearinthe.,tomillionunits.Evenhigh-definitiontelevision(HDTV)DthedurableNextBigThingDmaysoontakeoff.(28)Bytheendof2003,nearly6million.homesshouldhaveHDTVsets,andbyyearend,somemillionAmericanhomesareexpectedtohavenetworkstotietheirdigitalgeartogether,withstronggrowthspurredbyanewstandardforwirelesslinkscalledWiFi.Callitthenextbigwaveoftechnology.(29)AfterthePCeraandtheInternetAge,manyconsumershavegrowncomfortablewithtech:Two-thirdsof.homesownPCstoday,while60%haveInternetaccess,accordingtoresearchersGartnerData-quest.Toreachtherestofthemarket,technologycompaniesneedtobuildsimplerdevicesthatoffermoreentertainment.(30)Andthesenewmachinesneedtoworktogetherasreadilyasstereocomponentsdotoday,andshouldbenearlyaseasytosetupanduseasatelephoneoratelevision.Thatisleadingtothecomputerizationoftechnologyoverthenextfivetotenyears.ThefutureisaboutMP3players,digitalvideo,andthelike.

參考答案PartAText1:1.A2.C3.D4.B5.AText2:6.D7.C8.C9.B10.DText3:11.C12.B13.D14.D15.BText4:16.C17.D18.B19.D20.APartB21.C22.A23.F24.B25.EPartC26.隨著MP3音樂文檔、個人錄像機、游戲機、數(shù)碼照相機及許多其它媒體和服務器的問世，究竟誰會占據(jù)家庭中的哪塊地盤，就很難說了。27.今明兩年，這些電器中許多產(chǎn)品的銷售量會急劇上升，據(jù)國際數(shù)據(jù)公司的研究人員估計，能收聽從網(wǎng)上下載歌曲的MP3數(shù)碼音樂播放機，美國今年出貨預計躍升50%以上，達到700萬套。28.到2003年末，近600萬美國家庭擁有高清晰電視機，而到年終，隨著稱作WiFi的無線連接新技術標準所激發(fā)的迅猛發(fā)展，預計約有770萬美國家庭用網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)把他們的數(shù)碼裝置聯(lián)成一體。29.許多消費者在經(jīng)歷過個人電腦時代和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代之后，對新技術業(yè)已應付自如；據(jù)Gartner數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查公司的研究人員統(tǒng)計，現(xiàn)在2/3的美國家庭擁有個人電腦，而60%的家庭有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接口。30.而且，這些新機器需要像現(xiàn)在的立體音響部件那樣容易地組合起來運行，同時它們還應該幾乎像電話機或電視機一樣容易安裝和使用。答案解析Unit1PartAText1【文章大意與結(jié)構】本文討論了幸福感與不幸福感話題。作者第一、二段指出幸福與不幸福實際上并非同一情感的兩個方面，它們互為共存，各自增減，兩者之間沒有多少關系；第三至五段提到，不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭，而幸福感則主要靠后天培養(yǎng)，幸福感是一種主觀感受，天生感到不幸福的人也可通過自己的努力增加幸福感。本文在結(jié)構上的顯著特點是各段中間均使用轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”或“however”，前半段的敘述作為鋪墊，后半段引出作者要表述的觀點?！驹囶}解析】1.判斷題。本題可定位于第3段第3句：研究表明不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭。再參考第4句：幸福似乎與遺傳無關。由此可以判斷[A]“不幸福與其是受環(huán)境影響，不如說是遺傳的”正確。[B]“幸福與不幸?；闂l件”，與第1段最后1句相悖；[C]“不幸福受外部因素而不是內(nèi)部因素影響”，與A項相反，錯誤；[D]“幸福是一種不可控的主觀感受”錯誤，幸福是主觀感受（第4段第1句），但并非“uncontrollable”，它可以培養(yǎng)（第3段最后一句）。2.細節(jié)題。本題題干中的要點是“onecanachievehappinessby...”，在原文中有兩處對此進行了回答，一是3段最后一句“獲得快樂的能力主要是自己培養(yǎng)的”，另一處是第5段最后一句“你可以通過自己的行為增加幸福”。由此判斷C項正確。[A]“保持一般的幸福程度”、[B]“逃避生活中惱人的事情”、[D]“認識到它與不幸福共存”均不正確。3.詞義題。該題可從兩方面著手，一是看前后句意，前一句“他們也開始發(fā)現(xiàn)誰幸福誰不幸福及其原因”、后一句“研究尚未找到幸福生活的簡單定律，但業(yè)已發(fā)現(xiàn)某些行為和態(tài)度似乎會使人們更接近最渴望的那種情感”；另一是注意下文使用的是現(xiàn)在完成時。D項“迄今為止”，符合語境需要，也正是原文“todate”的意義。［A］“結(jié)果”、［B］“此外”、［C］“目前”不對。4.態(tài)度題。題干的主要信息是作者對幸福和不幸福的看法。做題依據(jù)在第1段最后一句“他們是兩種不同的情感，互為共存，各自增減”，[B]“他們各自獨立又同時存在”正確。[A]“人們因為出身貧寒而感到不幸福”，不符合原文；[C]“人們參加更多的活動而感到幸?！鼻饬巳藗兒筇烊绾潍@得幸福；[D]“它們是人類采取的行為和態(tài)度”，該項有一定的干擾性，文中第4段最后一句是說“某些行為和態(tài)度似乎會使人們更接近最渴望的那種情感”，行為和態(tài)度本身并非幸?；虿恍腋?。5.句義題。該句的理解需依托前半句“然而，這并不意味著有些人生來就憂傷”，“andthat?sthat”是對前文在語氣上的進一步肯定，因此可理解為“就是這樣、就這么回事”，對應四個選項，只有[A]“情況難以改變”最符合該意思。[B]“幸福難以獲得”、[C]“但他們對此考慮不多”、[D]“但他們對此沒有意識”?！驹~匯提示】①commonsense常識，（根據(jù)經(jīng)驗的）判斷力②viceversa反之亦然③backup支持；后退；（使）擁塞④predisposition傾向，稟性⑤heritage繼承物；遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)【難句分析】1)Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.幸福和不幸福好比愛和恨一樣可以親密相處，這種認識可能對如何過一種較幸福的生活提供有益的啟示。本句中“thatfeelingsof...inacloserelationship”是同位語從句，修飾先行詞“therecognition”；“offervaluableclueson”解釋為“對……提供有價值的線索”。2)Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.那種看法得到了大量系列研究的佐證，這些研究表明不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭。本句“which...incertainfamilies”作定語從句，在定語從句中又有“that...incertainfamilies”賓語從句。3)Whenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.我們在幸福時比在憂傷時對他人更敏感并保持更好的關系。本句是比較結(jié)構句型，比較對象是兩個分別由“when”引導的時間狀語從句。Text2【文章大意與結(jié)構】本文討論了酒后駕車問題。第一段提到，酒后駕車的法律限制是測試時每100毫升血液中80毫克酒精，但是喝多少酒會達到這種限制因人而異。第二、三段進一步闡述駕駛能力會受到酒精的影響。第四至七段作者引用事例進一步說明以上觀點，并指出，酒后駕車不但影響駕駛者本人，還會影響他人。本文句子結(jié)構相對簡單，沒有超綱生詞?！驹囶}解析】6.細節(jié)題。題干的意思是“在法律限制內(nèi)駕駛員可以喝多少酒”，該話題在第1段提到，依據(jù)第3句，可以判斷答案為[D]“因人而異”。[A]“大約80毫克純酒精”，本選項具有干擾性，可以定位到第1段第1句，原文說“每100毫升血液中80毫克酒精”，A項表述不對；[B]“大約三標準杯”，第1段最后一句提到，但說的是“有些人”；[C]“與體重成正比”，可查讀第1段第3句，該句只是說體重是考慮的一個因素。7.細節(jié)題。題干信息“你可能會被指控醉酒駕駛”是對第2段第2句中“youcouldstillbetakentocourt”的同義改寫，做題依據(jù)應該是該句的后半部分“ifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol”（如果警官認為酒精已對你的駕駛產(chǎn)生影響），由此判斷[C]“你被發(fā)現(xiàn)酒后不正常駕駛”正確。[A]“你喝酒后駕車”錯誤，因為并非喝酒就駕車不正常；[B]“你成為一個不可救藥的酒鬼”、[D]“你的酒精測試不過關”與原文不符。8.句義題。本題順著題干關鍵詞“professionaldrivers”，較容易在文章第4段定位答題點。正確理解了本句也就找到了本題的答案（本句譯文參見[難句分析]），[C]“盡管自信也不能通過測試”正確。[A]“比清醒者有更多的自信”、[B]“移除了考場的一組樁柱”、[D]“對潛在醉酒駕駛者起著警示作用”均不符合該句句義。9.細節(jié)題。本題問“為什么酒精是交通事故的主要原因”。文中多處提到喝酒會影響“drivingability”，顯然本題應該選[B]“飲酒影響人們的思想和感情”。[A]“超過30%的道路事故死傷者是酒后駕駛者”并不是題目所問的原因；[C]“大約三分之一駕駛員酗酒”，不能得出該結(jié)論；[D]“道路事故受害者中常見年輕駕駛員”不能作為原因來解釋題干的前半部分。10.判斷題。題干的意思是：關于酒后駕車，作者告誡了什么。本題可定位于文章最后一段。該段大意：酒后駕車不單單影響你本人，如果發(fā)生事故還會影響其他許多人，尤其是你可能撞死或撞傷的那個人。根據(jù)一般語法知識，我們知道作者的強調(diào)點在后半句。由此判斷[D]“使別人處于危險之中”正確。[A]“可能受到警察的起訴”、[B]“使自己處于危險中”、[C]“可能使另一名駕駛員受傷或喪命”均不符合最后一段的意思【詞匯提示】①breathtest呼氣測醉試驗②concentration濃度；集中③notleast尤其，特別；部分地；相當重要地【難句分析】1)Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweight,yoursex,ifyou’vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou’vehad.這因人而異，取決于你的體重、性別、你是否剛吃過東西以及你喝了什么樣的酒。本句主句是“Itvarieswitheachperson”，“dependingon...you’vehad”為分詞詞組作狀語，在該詞組中，包含有四個并列的介詞賓語或賓語從句。2)Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmoveableposts...andthelessabletheyweretodoit!在一次對專職駕駛員的測試中，他們酒喝得越多，就越肯定自己能開過一組移動的樁柱，在測試課程中過關……但通過的可能性越小。本句雖長，但結(jié)構并不復雜，把握住“themore...themore...andtheless...”句型，也就把握了整句的框架。3)Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.喪命于道路事故的駕駛員中，三分之一酒精含量超過法律限制，酒后道路事故是年輕人死亡的最大原因?！皁neinthree”解釋為“三分之一”；“killedinroadaccidents”為過去分詞詞組作“drivers”的后置定語；“overthelegallimit”意為“超過法律限制”。Text3【文章大意與結(jié)構】本文介紹了三種基本的經(jīng)濟形態(tài)，即市場體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。作者在第二至四段分別簡述了三種經(jīng)濟體制。在市場體制下單個經(jīng)濟單位可以在市場上相互間自由地發(fā)揮作用；管理體制則是由某一機構對所有交易實行管控；在傳統(tǒng)體制下，生產(chǎn)和消費模式由傳統(tǒng)控制。本文結(jié)構比較清晰，第一段是概述，二至四段為分述，詞匯難易適中?！驹囶}解析】11.主旨題。要求確定這篇文章的目的。本文第1段交代了全文的主旨，就是介紹三種基本的經(jīng)濟形態(tài)：市場體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。再參考第2、3、4各段的首句，可確定答案應該是[C]“概述不同的經(jīng)濟體制”。[A]“解釋經(jīng)濟學的本質(zhì)”、[B]“比較以貨易貨和貨幣交換市場”、[D]“主張某種經(jīng)濟的優(yōu)勢”均不能概括本文大意。12.詞匯題。對該類題目必須結(jié)合語境加以判斷。該詞所在句子的大體意思：在以貨易貨的經(jīng)濟體制中，像汽車、鞋子、比薩這樣的貨物互相交換。結(jié)合四個選項[A]“真正的”、[B]“具體的”、[C]“耐用的，耐久的”、[D]“實用的，實際的”，B項最符合邏輯。C項和D項不能同時與舉例中的三類貨物搭配使用；A項在此也不妥。另外，從常見技巧判斷，詞匯題中最基本詞義一般不會是答案。13.細節(jié)題。題干中的關鍵詞是“bartereconomy”，查讀原文后，可以定位于第2段第4句和第5句，原文中“maynotalwaysbeaneasytask（可能并不總是一件容易的事情）”，在四個選項中對應[D]“（可能導致）交換麻煩”。[A]“不公平交易”、[B]“直接沖突”、[C]“逐漸通貨緊縮”，原文未提及。14.細節(jié)題。題干中的關鍵詞是“administeredsystem”，在原文中較容易定位于第3段第1句，其主要部分是“administrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions（某一機構對所有交易的管控）”，這里的“某一機構”，在本段第4句具體為“thegovernment”，由此判斷[D]“某些官方部門”正確。[A]“主要經(jīng)濟組織”、[B]“一般公共咨詢機構”、[C]“大型商業(yè)公司”均不正確。15.判斷題。本題要求在四個選項中排除一個錯誤內(nèi)容。這類題一般需反著做，即判斷哪三個選項是正確的，并找到依據(jù)。題干中的關鍵詞“onesplaceinatraditionalsociety”對應于最后一段第1句：“everypersonsplacewithintheeconomicsystem”，其后的“isfixedbyparentage(origin),religion,andcustom.”就是本題的定位點：“parentage（出身）”對應[A]“家庭背景”、“religion”對應[C]“religiousbeliefs（宗教信仰）”、“custom”對應[D]“establishedexperience（習俗）”，只有[B]“年齡和教育”未提及，是答案?！驹~匯提示】①barter以貨易貨②edicts法令；命令③allocate分配；分派④parentage出身；起源⑤caste社會階層；等級⑥stagnant停滯的；不流動的【難句分析】1)Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.對每一種商品和服務每個經(jīng)濟單位應該生產(chǎn)多少、交換多少、消費多少，這個機構將頒布法令或命令。本句主要部分是“Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommands”，“asto”與后面的介詞賓語從句一起作后置定語，修飾“edicts(orders)orcommands”。2)Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.政府制訂的中央計劃標明每種商品不同企業(yè)生產(chǎn)多少以及不同家庭分配多少用于消費?！癲rawnupbythegovernment”是過去分詞詞組作定語，修飾“centralplan”；“producedby...”與“allocatedto...”一起作后置定語，修飾“theamountsofeachcommodity”。3)Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.屬于某一團體或社會階層的人可能有義務關照他人、為他們提供食宿、照料他們的健康并給他們提供教育。本句雖然較長，但結(jié)構并不復雜，“belongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)”現(xiàn)在分詞詞組作后置定語修飾“people”；“have...,provide...,care...,provide...”為四個并列謂語。Text4【文章大意與結(jié)構】本文討論了一周中員工工作效率的問題。文章第一段指出，調(diào)查表明，周二效率最高，其次是周一，從一周的中段開始，效率顯著下降。作者在第二段分析了各工作日效率差異的原因。文章在第三段提出了解決這一問題的措施。本文在內(nèi)容結(jié)構上，先提出問題，然后分析原因，最后給出解決問題的方法，層次清楚。【試題解析】16.判斷題。要求判斷哪一天最有效率。本題可定位于第1段，該段第3句說周二最有效率；第5句又說其次是周一。題