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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theboywasverynaughty,hismother()punishmenttomakehimobey.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tookadvantage

B.madeuse

C.resortedto

D.turnedfor

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。tookadvantage“利用”,與of搭配;madeuse“利用”,與of搭配;resortedto“訴諸……”;turnedfor“逆轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意:這個(gè)男孩很頑皮,他的媽媽訴諸于懲罰使他聽話。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定;決心要做”;B選項(xiàng)unsolved“未解決的;未解答的”;C選項(xiàng)dissolves“溶解;分解”;D選項(xiàng)shoves“擠;強(qiáng)使;撞;猛推”。句意:酸雨會(huì)侵蝕樹葉,……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves(侵蝕樹葉)可推測(cè)acidrain(酸雨)的危害極大,A選項(xiàng)resolves(決定)不符合題意,B選項(xiàng)unsolved(未解決的)可排除,D選項(xiàng)shoves(擠)不符合題意,可排除,結(jié)合此處語境,C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,,”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話提到意見指的是個(gè)人喜好和品味(Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste),因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到他們陳述的內(nèi)容是經(jīng)過深思熟慮得來的(Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation),因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到每個(gè)人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見。但是只有在不傷害他人的情況下,我們才可以自由地按照自己的意見行事(Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers),由此可知每個(gè)人都有權(quán)發(fā)表自己的意見,但是并不是隨心所欲地發(fā)表,前提是不傷害別人,因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Itistimethattheworldcalleda()tothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.pause

C.cease

D.halt

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:interruption“中斷;打斷”;B:pause“暫停”;C:cease“終止”;D:halt“停止;阻止(停止某項(xiàng)事情的進(jìn)展)”。句意:現(xiàn)在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的時(shí)刻。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。

5.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand()toexpressedthoughts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas困境;countenances面容;concessions讓步;junctions連接點(diǎn)。句意:一個(gè)人可以通過注意他人的眼睛和面部即時(shí)的或短暫的反應(yīng)來更好地理解別人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense.Hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause________.

2.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.

3.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

B.theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

C.moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

D.ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.socialrecognition

B.graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

C.socio-economicstatus

D.certainbehavioralchanges

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.elevenyearsold

B.sixteenyearsold

C.twenty-oneyearsold

D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmy

B.noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one

C.oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense

D.inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause________.在工業(yè)社會(huì),青春期要長得多,因?yàn)開_______。

A.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschangedA.對(duì)成熟的定義已經(jīng)改變

B.theindustrializedsocietyismoredevelopedB.工業(yè)化社會(huì)更加發(fā)達(dá)

C.moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremadeC.加強(qiáng)了教育,制定了禁止童工的法律

D.ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceD.關(guān)于青春期的儀式已經(jīng)失去了正式的認(rèn)可和象征意義

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞longerinindustrialsocieties定位到第一段第二句,該處講到“在工業(yè)社會(huì),教育時(shí)間延長(prolongededucation),加上禁止童工的法律(lawsagainstchildlabor),青春期要長得多?!保芍诠I(yè)社會(huì),青春期時(shí)間變長的原因是受到教育和法律的影響,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)成熟的定義已經(jīng)改變”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第一句“青春期可長可短,這取決于社會(huì)的期望和社會(huì)對(duì)成熟和成年的定義(society’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood)?!保@不是在解釋工業(yè)社會(huì)中青春期變長的原因,只是在講普遍情況下影響青春期長短的因素,屬于偷換概念;

B選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)化社會(huì)更加發(fā)達(dá)”:對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第三句“在特定的社會(huì)中(inagivensociety),隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的變化(socialandeconomicconditionschange),青春期的長度和成年的定義可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化?!?,這里沒有點(diǎn)出工業(yè)化社會(huì)和青春期長度的具體因果關(guān)系,只是在泛泛而談,屬于曲解原文;

D選項(xiàng)“青春期的儀式已經(jīng)失去了正式的認(rèn)可和象征意義”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),青少年的儀式已經(jīng)失去了正式的認(rèn)可和象征意義?!保@里講的是一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,不是原因,屬于偷換概念。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.過去用來紀(jì)念青春期的社交儀式已經(jīng)被________所取代。

A.socialrecognitionA.社會(huì)認(rèn)可

B.graduationsfromschoolsandcollegesB.中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的畢業(yè)

C.socio-economicstatusC.社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位

D.certainbehavioralchangesD.某些行為變化

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞givenplaceto定位到第二段第二、三句,該處講到“社會(huì)行為(Socialones)已經(jīng)被一系列的步驟(steps)所取代……例如,小學(xué)、高中和大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮(gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduation)就構(gòu)成了這樣一個(gè)序列?!?,可知之前關(guān)于青春期的儀式被中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的畢業(yè)所代替,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)認(rèn)可”和D選項(xiàng)“某些行為變化”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第三句“小學(xué)畢業(yè)、高中畢業(yè)和大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮就構(gòu)成了這樣一個(gè)序列,每個(gè)步驟都意味著一定的行為變化和社會(huì)認(rèn)可(eachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition)?!?,這些行為變化和社會(huì)認(rèn)可是畢業(yè)典禮所代表的意義,畢業(yè)典禮才是取代青春期儀式的對(duì)象,屬于偷換概念;

C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第三句“小學(xué)畢業(yè)、高中畢業(yè)和大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮就構(gòu)成了這樣一個(gè)序列,每個(gè)步驟的意義取決于個(gè)人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位和教育抱負(fù)(thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatus)?!保沁@些畢業(yè)典禮取代了青春期的儀式,而這些典禮的意義取決于個(gè)人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,而不是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位取代青春期的儀式,屬于偷換概念。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.沒有人能指望完全享受成年特權(quán),直到他________。

A.elevenyearsoldA.11歲

B.sixteenyearsoldB.16歲

C.twenty-oneyearsoldC.21歲

D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsoldD.在12到21歲之間

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞adulthoodprivileges定位到文章倒數(shù)第三句,該處講到“21歲成年了,就獲得了作為成年人的全部法律權(quán)利(fulllegalrightsasanadult)?!?,可知規(guī)定的成年時(shí)間為21歲,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“11歲”:文中沒有提到11歲時(shí)的情況,屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“16歲”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第八句“在16歲的時(shí)候(Attheageofsixteen),青少年被授予某些成年人的權(quán)利(certainadultrights)。”,可知這時(shí)還不能享受全部成年人的特權(quán),屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“在12到21歲之間”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第五句“正是在從12歲到21歲的9年時(shí)間里,兒童和未成年地位的保護(hù)和限制方面被取消,成人的特權(quán)和責(zé)任被給予(adultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted)?!?,這時(shí)還只是得到部分成人的權(quán)利,不能全部享受成年人權(quán)利,屬于反向干擾。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.根據(jù)文章,________。

A.oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmyA.在參軍之前,依然受童工法的限制

B.noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-oneB.在21歲之前,沒有父母的允許,任何人都不能結(jié)婚

C.oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicenseC.有了駕照,就被認(rèn)為是成年了

D.inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexistedD.在19世紀(jì)后期的美國,青春期和成年期之間的分界線不再存在

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】此題定位到第一段最后一句,該處講到“這種變化的例子就是19世紀(jì)后半期美國(對(duì)于青春期和成年期之間的)邊界的消失(disappearanceofthefrontier)”,這里的分界線指的是青春期和成年期的界限,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“在參軍之前,依然受童工法的限制”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第五、七句“在16歲的時(shí)候(ageofsixteen)……他可以不受童工法的限制(withouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws),可以工作?!?,以及該段倒數(shù)第四句“在十八歲時(shí)(ageofeighteen)……可以當(dāng)兵(cannowbeasoldier)。”,可知在參軍之前,就已經(jīng)不受童工法限制了,和文章內(nèi)容不符,屬于反向干擾;

B選項(xiàng)“在21歲之前,沒有父母的允許,任何人都不能結(jié)婚”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第四句“在十八歲時(shí)(ageofeighteen)……可以不經(jīng)父母同意就結(jié)婚(canmarrywithoutparentalpermission)?!?,可知在18歲之后,才可以不經(jīng)父母同意而結(jié)婚,在此之前則不能,和文章內(nèi)容不符,屬于反向干擾;

C選項(xiàng)“有了駕照,就被認(rèn)為是成年了”:對(duì)應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第六、七句“在16歲的時(shí)候(ageofsixteen)……他現(xiàn)在可以拿到駕駛執(zhí)照了(canobtainadriver’slicense)?!?,而16歲還沒有成年,和文章內(nèi)容不符,屬于反向干擾。

7.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant(

)whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”,句意:人種和性別與一個(gè)人是否適合工作無關(guān)。因此,本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Ihaveneverlaid()tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“聲稱……的權(quán)力,自稱有知識(shí)等”。句意:我從不認(rèn)為自己是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家。結(jié)合句意,故D為正確答案。

9.單選題

Thelifespanofasunfishisshort,______tenyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreseldomthan

B.morethanseldom

C.seldommorethan

D.seldomthanmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“不超過,不多于”的表達(dá),一般我們用more/lessthan表示多于/少于,要表示不超過,不少于的時(shí)候,就在前面直接加seldom表示否定,不能夠改變這個(gè)順序,故只能選擇C項(xiàng)。句意:翻車魚的壽命很短,很少超過十年。因此,該題正確答案為C。

10.單選題

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingabout$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height(1)

careersuccess,”saidprofessorTimothyJudgeofUniversityofFlorida.“Thesefindingsaretroublinginthat,withafew(2),suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob(3)

.”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheU.S.andBritainthatfollowedthousandsofparticipantsfromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis(4)thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings(5)thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s(6)ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and(7)measuresofperformance,suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher(8)andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary(9).Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewasasignof(10)powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesout

B.mattersfor

C.takeson

D.worksin

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.exceptions

B.problems

C.examples

D.cases

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.operation

B.condition

C.performance

D.environment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.with

D.over

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.deficiency

B.necessity

C.advantage

D.loss

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.evaluation

B.judge

C.decision

D.imagination

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.relative

B.objective

C.initiative

D.absolute

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.statue

B.status

C.state

D.situation

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.organizations

C.origins

D.courses

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.asignof

B.aworkat

C.aholdon

D.atimein

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)makesout“辨認(rèn)出;理解;寫出”;B選項(xiàng)mattersfor“關(guān)乎”;C選項(xiàng)takeson“承擔(dān);呈現(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)worksin“在……工作;插進(jìn);引進(jìn);摻和”。句意:身高_(dá)_____事業(yè)成功。前文說到個(gè)子高的人掙得比個(gè)子矮的人多,可知這里是指身高會(huì)極大地影響事業(yè),B選項(xiàng)mattersfor“關(guān)乎”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceptions“例外”;B選項(xiàng)problems“問題”;C選項(xiàng)examples“例子”;D選項(xiàng)cases“情況”。句意:這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安的是,少數(shù)幾個(gè)______,比如職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,沒有人會(huì)說身高是工作的必要條件。身高不是工作中的必要條件,根據(jù)語境,這里填A(yù)選項(xiàng)exceptions“例外”比較合理,意思指除了職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員這些特定的職業(yè),其他沒有身高要求。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)operation“操作;經(jīng)營”;B選項(xiàng)condition“條件;情況”;C選項(xiàng)performance“績效;表現(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)environment“環(huán)境;外界”。句意:這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人不安的是,除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)例外,比如職業(yè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,沒有人會(huì)說身高是工作______的必要條件。文章之前表達(dá)的是個(gè)子高的人掙得多,而工資和表現(xiàn)掛鉤,所以這里C選項(xiàng)performance“績效;表現(xiàn)”比較符合題意,意思指身高不是工作表現(xiàn)好的必要條件。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查介詞用法。A選項(xiàng)on“在(某一天)”;B選項(xiàng)to“向;朝”;C選項(xiàng)with“具有;和”;D選項(xiàng)over“在……期間”。句意:如果把這樣的收入增長放到30年的職業(yè)生涯中來考慮,并把結(jié)果累加起來。根據(jù)語境,這里橫線處引出后面thecourseofa30-yearcareer構(gòu)成短語,D選項(xiàng)over“在……期間”和course搭配比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deficiency“缺陷”;B選項(xiàng)necessity“必要;必需品”;C選項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件”;D選項(xiàng)loss“損失”。句意:那就意味著高大的人可以享受數(shù)十萬美元的收入______。根據(jù)語境,掙得多是優(yōu)勢(shì),C選項(xiàng)advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì),有利條件”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”;B選項(xiàng)judge“審判員;裁判員”;C選項(xiàng)decision“決定”;D選項(xiàng)imagination“想象”。句意:較高的身高會(huì)提高別人對(duì)你工作表現(xiàn)的主觀評(píng)價(jià),包括上司對(duì)你工作效率的______。根據(jù)語境,這里指上司對(duì)工作效率進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),A選項(xiàng)evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relative“相關(guān)的”;B選項(xiàng)objective“客觀的”;C選項(xiàng)initiative“初步的;基礎(chǔ)的”;D選項(xiàng)absolute“絕對(duì)的;完全的”。句意:也會(huì)使衡量工作表現(xiàn)的______數(shù)字,比如銷量有所提高。根據(jù)語境,這里像銷量這樣的因素是客觀的,B選項(xiàng)objective“客觀的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)statue“雕像”;B選項(xiàng)status“地位;(進(jìn)展)狀況”;C選項(xiàng)state“(某方面,某階段的)情況”;D選項(xiàng)situation“(具體的)情況;處境”。句意:其他人可能也會(huì)給予高個(gè)子更高的______和更多的尊重,這使他們?cè)谡勁兄芯哂袃?yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)語境,這里是指高個(gè)子的人更容易受到尊重,B選項(xiàng)status“地位”比較符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sources“來源”;B選項(xiàng)organizations“組織”;C選項(xiàng)origins“起源”;D選項(xiàng)courses“課程;進(jìn)程”。句意:身高的重要影響可能是我們進(jìn)化______的余留。根據(jù)語境,C選項(xiàng)origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“進(jìn)化”比較合理,指的是身高的影響來自于進(jìn)化起源。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)asignof“……的標(biāo)志”;B選項(xiàng)aworkat“……的工作;作品”;C選項(xiàng)aholdon“……的控制;影響”;D選項(xiàng)atimein“在……的一段時(shí)間”。句意:也許從人類和動(dòng)物生活在一起的時(shí)候起,體型就是力量和力量的______,在決定“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑”時(shí)使用。根據(jù)語境,這里指體型代表力量,所以A選項(xiàng)asignof“……的標(biāo)志”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Igotcaughtinthetraffic;______Iwouldhavebeenheresooner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.however然而B.although盡管

C.anyway不管怎樣D.otherwise否則

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前半句說“遇上了交通堵塞”,后半句說“我早就來了”,從中可知,后半句是前半句的結(jié)果,要用連詞otherwise。因此,D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;

B、C選項(xiàng)表示讓步。

【句意】我遇上了交通堵塞;否則我早就來了。

12.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.(15points)

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;Trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.(15points)

中國是有著悠久文明的國家。在世界幾大古代文明中,中華文明是沒有中斷、延續(xù)發(fā)展于今的文明,已經(jīng)有5000多年歷史了。我們的祖先在幾千年前創(chuàng)造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前,中國就出現(xiàn)了諸子百家的盛況。他們提出的很多理念,至今仍然深深影響著中國人的生活。中國人看待世界、看待社會(huì)、看待人生,有自己獨(dú)特的價(jià)值體系。中國人獨(dú)特而悠久的精神世界,讓中國人具有強(qiáng)大的民族自信心,也培育了以愛國主義為核心的民族精祌。

【答案】SectionA

書既然有類別——小說、傳記、詩歌——我們就應(yīng)該把它們分開,從它們各自給予我們的正確的東西中汲取。然而,很少有人問書能給我們什么。最常見的情況是,我們帶著模糊而分裂的思想來讀書,要求小說是真實(shí)的,要求詩歌是虛假的,要求傳記是奉承的,要求歷史加強(qiáng)我們的偏見。如果我們讀書時(shí)能摒棄所有這些先入之見,那將是一個(gè)極好的開始。不要對(duì)作者指手畫腳,而要盡力與作者融為一體,共同創(chuàng)作,共同策劃。你若敞開心扉,虛懷若谷,那么,書中精細(xì)入微的離意和暗示便會(huì)把你從一開頭就碰上的那些像是山回水轉(zhuǎn)般的句子中帶出來,走到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。

SectionB

Chinahasatimehonoredcivilization.Oftheworld’sancientcivilizations,theChinesecivilizationhasspannedover5,000yearsandcontinueduninterruptedtothisday.TheChinesecharacters,inventedbyourancestorsseveralmillenniaago,arestillbeingusedtoday.Over2,000yearago,therewasaneraofgreatintellectualaccomplishmentinChina.ManyimportantideasproposedbythemstillcarryaprofoundimpactonChinesepeople’swayoflifetoday,underpinningtheuniquevaluesystemsintheChineseoutlookoftheworld,ofsociety,andoflifeitself.Andthisuniqueandtimehonoredintellectuallegacy,hasinstilledastrongsenseofnationalconfidenceintheChinesepeople,andnurturedanationalspiritwithpatriotismataverycore.

13.單選題

Allthestudentshaveto(

)totherulesandregulationsoftheschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.confront

C.confine

D.conform

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。confirm證實(shí),確認(rèn),批準(zhǔn);confront面對(duì),遭遇;confine限制,禁閉;conform遵從,順從,符合;conformto遵守。句意:所有學(xué)生必須遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意,答案D。

14.單選題

Corntariffs,whichthediplomathaddismissedas______issue,turnedouttobepertinentand______inthenegotiationsforanewtradeagreement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anapt…pusillanimous

B.anaberrant...indomitable

C.atangential…trenchant

D.aningenious…acclaimed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.anapt…pusillanimous恰當(dāng)?shù)?,靈敏的……膽怯的,懦弱的B.anaberrant...indomitable違反常規(guī)的,反常的……不屈不撓的

C.atangential…trenchant切線的,離題的……尖刻的,苛刻的D.aningenious…acclaimed有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的,機(jī)靈的……受到贊揚(yáng)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“玉米關(guān)稅曾被這位外交官斥為______事情,現(xiàn)在在新貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判中被證明是有意義的和______”可知,玉米關(guān)稅現(xiàn)在被證明是有意義的,說明之前被認(rèn)為是“不合常理的”,第一個(gè)空格填入anaberrant符合句意;第二個(gè)空格與pertinent為并列成分,可知第二個(gè)空格表示積極的意義,綜合理解可知該題選擇B項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】玉米關(guān)稅曾被這位外交官斥為一件違反常規(guī)的事情,現(xiàn)在在新貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判中被證明是有意義的、不可動(dòng)搖的。

15.單選題

Themarkethadbeenpricedathistorichighsrelativetobenchmarkslikecorporateprofitsandindividuals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standards

B.touchstones

C.hallmarks

D.norms

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn);水平B.touchstones試金石;檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

C.hallmarks特征;特點(diǎn)D.norms行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】benchmark本意是“基準(zhǔn)”,由relativeto(相對(duì)于)可知,benchmark在這是指用已知的東西作標(biāo)準(zhǔn),與其他事物進(jìn)行比較,而touchstone也可指作為判斷第二件事的測(cè)試或標(biāo)準(zhǔn),含有比較的意味,故B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近,故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)指公認(rèn)的、尤指可被接受的社會(huì)各個(gè)方面一般的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、水準(zhǔn)、度量衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、衡量品質(zhì)、才度、價(jià)值、道德、規(guī)則、原則等的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);

C項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義;

D項(xiàng)指在特定社會(huì)中被認(rèn)為正常的行為方式或組織期望達(dá)到的官方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或水平。

【句意】相對(duì)于企業(yè)利潤和個(gè)人等基準(zhǔn),股市的定價(jià)一直處于歷史高位。

16.單選題

Ina

fewdaysyou'llbe()byoneof

ourstaffandaskedtocompleteaquickquestionnaire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.touched

B.contacted

C.connected

D.associated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:幾天內(nèi)我們就會(huì)有員工聯(lián)系你,讓你做一份調(diào)查問卷。touch指觸摸;contact指聯(lián)系,接觸;connect指相連;associate指使...關(guān)聯(lián)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.單選題

Bothtelevisioncommercialsandprogramspresent()viewofthematerialworld,onewhichpromotesastandardoflivingthatmostofuscanprobablynotattain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.astandardized

B.anunrealistic

C.abetter

D.aninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下句“mostofuscanprobablynotattain”可推測(cè),這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不切實(shí)際的,所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

18.單選題

Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.

Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.

TheEarth’scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock,Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth’scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.

Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.

Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermanyreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.

Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirslitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

50.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth’slandscape?

51.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?

52.Theword“relics”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

53.WhydoestheauthormentionCarbondioxideinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosion.

B.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.

C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.

D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.

B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.

C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.

D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.resemblances

B.regions

C.remains

D.restorations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toexplaintheoriginofachemicalthatcaneroderocks.

B.Tocontrastcarbondioxidewithcarbonicacid.

C.Togiveanexampleofhowrainwaterpenetratessoil.

D.Toargueforthedesirabilityofpreventingerosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段,關(guān)于地球景觀的變化,下列哪項(xiàng)陳述是正確的?”。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthe

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